scholarly journals High Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Viruses in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Makiala-Mandanda ◽  
Frédéric Le Gal ◽  
Nadine Ngwaka-Matsung ◽  
Steve Ahuka-Mundeke ◽  
Richard Onanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Febrile Jaundice

ABSTRACTThe majority of patients with acute febrile jaundice (>95%) identified through a yellow fever surveillance program in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) test negative for antibodies against yellow fever virus. However, no etiological investigation has ever been carried out on these patients. Here, we tested for hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses, all of which can cause acute febrile jaundice, in patients included in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC. On a total of 498 serum samples collected from suspected cases of yellow fever from January 2003 to January 2012, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to screen for antibodies against HAV (IgM) and HEV (IgM) and for antigens and antibodies against HBV (HBsAg and anti-hepatitis B core protein [HBc] IgM, respectively), HCV, and HDV. Viral loads and genotypes were determined for HBV and HVD. Viral hepatitis serological markers were diagnosed in 218 (43.7%) patients. The seroprevalences were 16.7% for HAV, 24.6% for HBV, 2.3% for HCV, and 10.4% for HEV, and 26.1% of HBV-positive patients were also infected with HDV. Median viral loads were 4.19 × 105IU/ml for HBV (range, 769 to 9.82 × 109IU/ml) and 1.4 × 106IU/ml for HDV (range, 3.1 × 102to 2.9 × 108IU/ml). Genotypes A, E, and D of HBV and genotype 1 of HDV were detected. These high hepatitis prevalence rates highlight the necessity to include screening for hepatitis viruses in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among diabetic patients in Kisangani (North-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kambale Kombi ◽  
Salomon Batina Agasa ◽  
Jean Paulin Mbo Mukonkole ◽  
Lucien Bolukaoto Bome ◽  
Camille Atoba Bokele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV in Pregnant Women in the Community in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Maotela Kabinda ◽  
Tony Shindano Akilimali ◽  
Ahuka Serge Miyanga ◽  
Philippe Donnen ◽  
Dramaix-Wilmet Michèle
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Republic Of Congo

scholarly journals Important Aedes Spp. Density Levels in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wat’senga Tezzo Francis ◽  
Fasine Sylvie ◽  
Manzambi Emile Zola ◽  
Marquetti Maria del Carmen ◽  
Binene Mbuka Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Breeding Sites

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are among the most important emerging infectious vector-borne diseases worldwide. Besides sporadic dengue cases, yellow fever and chikungunya outbreaks have been increasingly reported in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the last decade. The main vectors of these arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, were reported in DRC, but there is a lack of detailed information on their presence and spread hampering transmission risk assessments in the region. METHODS: In 2018, two cross-sectional surveys were realized in Kinshasa province (DRC), one in the rainy (January/February) and one in the dry season (July). Four hundred houses were visited in each of the four selected communes (N’Djili, Mont Ngafula, Lingwala and Kalamu). Breedings sites were recorded, larvae and pupae collected and reared to obtain adults for genus and species identification. A subset of specimens was DNA-barcoded for validation of the morphological species identification. RESULTS: The most rural commune (Mont Ngafula) had the highest density levels, with a Breteau Index of 82.2 and 19.5/100 houses in rainy and dry season, respectively. The Breteau Index in the other communes Kalamu, Lingwala and N’Djili elevated to 21.5 (4.7), 36.7 (9.8) and 41.7 (7.5) in the rainy (and dry) season. The House index was on average 27.5% and 7.6%; and the Container Index 15.0% and 10.0% in rainy and dry season, respectively. The vast majority of Aedes positive containers was found outside the houses (adjusted OR 27.4 (95%CI 14.9-50.1)). The main breeding sites were used tires, water storage containers and trash. Anopheles larvae were also found in Aedes breeding sites, especially during the rainy season.CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Kinshasa is highly infested with Aedes spp. which indicates a high potential for arbovirus transmission in the area. During the dry season, the most productive containers (for Aedes pupae production) are containers used for water storage, whereas in the rainy season this is trash and tires. The present study also evidences that Aedes breeding sites are mainly located outdoors. Based on the results of this study, a contextualized Aedes control strategy can be designed for Kinshasa.

scholarly journals Infection with Hepatitis B and C Virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Public Health Problem

OALib ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (08) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ben Ilunga Bulanda ◽  
Berry Ikolango Bongenya ◽  
Jean-Yves Debels Kabasele ◽  
Médard Omakoy Okonda ◽  
Divine Chuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Republic Of Congo

scholarly journals Herpes Infections in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Sheila Makiala-Mandanda ◽  
Jessica L. Abbate ◽  
Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu ◽  
Steve Ahuka-Mundeke ◽  
Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Febrile Jaundice

In the battle to quickly identify potential yellow fever arbovirus outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, active syndromic surveillance of acute febrile jaundice patients across the country is a powerful tool. However, patients who test negative for yellow fever virus infection are too often left without a diagnosis. By retroactively screening samples for other potential viral infections, we can both try to find sources of patient disease and gain information on how commonly they may occur and co-occur. Several human arboviruses have previously been identified, but there remain many other viral families that could be responsible for acute febrile jaundice. Here, we assessed the prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) in these acute febrile jaundice disease samples. Total viral DNA was extracted from serum of 451 patients with acute febrile jaundice. We used real-time quantitative PCR to test all specimens for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We found 21.3% had active HHV replication (13.1%, 2.4%, 6.2% and 2.4% were positive for CMV, HSV, HHV-6 and VZV, respectively), and that nearly half (45.8%) of these infections were characterized by co-infection either among HHVs or between HHVs and other viral infection, sometimes associated with acute febrile jaundice previously identified. Our results show that the role of HHV primary infection or reactivation in contributing to acute febrile jaundice disease identified through the yellow fever surveillance program should be routinely considered in diagnosing these patients.

scholarly journals Identification of Dengue and Chikungunya viruses among suspected cases of Yellow fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Sheila Makiala Mandanda ◽  
Nadine Ngwaka ◽  
Pierre Becquart ◽  
Steve Ahuka ◽  
Nicolas Berthet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Republic Of Congo

scholarly journals High frequency of Taenia solium antigen positivity in patients admitted for neurological disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deby Mukendi ◽  
Jean-Roger Lilo Kalo ◽  
Pascal Lutumba ◽  
Barbara Barbé ◽  
Jan Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Persistent Fever

Abstract Background The epidemiology of human cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is not well known in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Within a multicenter etiological and diagnostic study conducted by the NIDIAG consortium (“Better Diagnosis for Neglected Infections”) and investigating several challenging syndromes, we consecutively evaluated from 2012 to 2015 all patients older than 5 years presenting with neurological disorders (neurology cohort) and with fever > 7 days (persistent fever cohort) at the rural hospital of Mosango, province of Kwilu, DRC. In both cohorts, etiological diagnosis relied on a systematic set of reference laboratory assays and on pre-established clinical case definitions. No neuroimaging was available in the study hospital. In this study, we determined the frequency of T. solium infection in both cohorts and explored in the neurology cohort its association with specific neurological presentations and final etiological diagnoses. Methods We conducted a post-hoc descriptive and analytic study on cysticercosis in the neurology and persistent fever cohorts, based on the presence in serum samples of circulating T. solium antigen using the B158/B60 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and of cysticercosis IgG using the LDBIO Cysticercosis Western Blot IgG assay. Results For the neurology cohort, 340 samples (of 351 enrolled patients) were available for analysis (males: 46.8%; mean age: 38.9 years). T. solium antigen positivity was found in 43 participants (12.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3–16.7%), including 9 of 60 (15%) patients with epilepsy. Among the 148 samples available from the persistent fever cohort (males: 39.9%; mean age: 19.9 years), 7 were positive in the T. solium antigen ELISA (4.7%; 95% CI 1.9–9.5%; P = 0.009 when compared to the neurology cohort). No significant association was found within the neurology cohort between positivity and clinical presentation or final diagnoses. Of note, the IgG antibody-detecting assay was found positive in only four (1.3%) of the participants of the neurology cohort and in none of the persistent fever cohort. Conclusions T. solium antigen positivity was found in at least 10% of patients admitted with neurological disorders in the Kwilu province, DRC, with no specific pattern of presentation. Further neuroimaging studies should be used to confirm whether neurocysticercosis is prevalent in this region.

scholarly journals High Aedes spp. larval indices in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wat’senga Tezzo Francis ◽  
Fasine Sylvie ◽  
Manzambi Emile Zola ◽  
Marquetti Maria del Carmen ◽  
Binene Mbuka Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Larval Habitats

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are among the most important emerging infectious vector-borne diseases worldwide. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), increases in cases of dengue and outbreaks of yellow fever and chikungunya have been reported since 2010. The main vectors of these arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, have been reported in DRC, but there is a lack of detailed information on their presence and spread to guide disease control efforts.METHODS: In 2018, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Kinshasa province (DRC), one in the rainy (January/February) and one in the dry season (July). Four hundred houses were visited in each of the four selected communes (N’Djili, Mont Ngafula, Lingwala and Kalamu). Within the peri-domestic area of each household, searches were conducted for larval habitats which were then surveyed for the presence of Aedes larvae and pupae. A subset of the immature specimens were reared to adults for morphological identification followed by DNA-barcoding of the specimens to validate identifications.RESULTS: The most rural commune (Mont Ngafula) had the highest pupal index of 246 (20) pupae/100 houses and a Breteau Index of 82.2 (19.5)/100 houses, while this latter was 21.5 (4.7), 36.7 (9.8) and 41.7 (7.5) in Kalamu, Lingwala and N’Djili in the rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The House Index was on average across all communes 27.5% (7.6%); and the Container Index 15.0% (10.0%) in rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The vast majority of Aedes positive containers were found outside the houses (adjusted OR 27.4 (95%CI 14.9-50.1)). During the dry season, the most productive containers were the ones used for water storage, whereas in the rainy season rubbish and tires constituted key habitats. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found. Anopheles larvae were found in different types of Aedes larval habitats, especially during the rainy season. CONCLUSIONS: In both surveys and in all communes, the larval indices (BI) were higher than the arbovirus transmission threshold values established by the World Health Organization. Management strategies for controlling Aedes in Kinshasa need to target the key containers, mainly located in outdoor spaces, for larval habitats destruction or reduction.

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