scholarly journals Detection of BK virus DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with respiratory infections but not in saliva from immunodeficient and immunocompetent adult patients.

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1390-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sundsfjord ◽  
A R Spein ◽  
E Lucht ◽  
T Flaegstad ◽  
O M Seternes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Immunocompetent Adult

scholarly journals Carbapenems for the treatment of immunocompetent adult patients with nosocomial pneumonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Siempos ◽  
K. Z. Vardakas ◽  
K. G. Manta ◽  
M. E. Falagas
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Immunocompetent Adult

scholarly journals 1958. Assessment of Guideline-Concordant Antimicrobial Prescribing in Urgent Care Centers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S62-S62
Author(s):  
Janet Wu ◽  
Kaitlyn R Rivard ◽  
Elizabeth A Neuner ◽  
Vasilios Athans ◽  
Camille Sabella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Urgent Care Centers

Abstract Background In the United States in 2014, 266 million outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were dispensed. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 30% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriate. These inappropriate prescriptions contribute to increased resistance, adverse events, and healthcare costs. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients presenting to 22 urgent care centers within a large healthcare system between September 1, 2018 and February 28, 2019. Data were collected from a dashboard designed to track antimicrobial prescribing data by indication, location, and provider. ICD-9 and -10 codes associated with otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, cystitis, and upper respiratory infections (URI) were included. Guideline-concordant antimicrobial prescribing was determined based on compliance with national guideline recommendations, after taking patient allergies into account. The URI category includes disease states in which antimicrobials are rarely appropriate (e.g., acute rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, and acute bronchitis). Results A total of 57,799 encounters were included in this analysis (19,242 pediatric and 38,557 adult) and 60% of patients received an antibiotic prescription. Overall antimicrobial guideline concordance was higher in pediatrics (84%) than adults (62%). Rates of guideline-concordant antimicrobial selection are shown in Table 1. The most common guideline-discordant prescriptions were tetracyclines (39%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (26%), and macrolides (17%) in adult patients with sinusitis, pharyngitis, or otitis media. In pediatric patients, the most common discordant prescriptions were macrolides (32%), third-generation cephalosporins (30%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (19%). Unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing for URI occurred in 23% of pediatric patients and 36% of adult patients. Conclusion Guideline-discordant antimicrobial prescribing is common in urgent care centers, particularly in adult patients. In addition to encouraging utilization of order sets, emphasis on education and feedback may be important to improve and sustain guideline-concordant prescribing rates and reduce prescribing for URI. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Severe Acquired Toxoplasmosis in Immunocompetent Adult Patients in French Guiana

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 4037-4044 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Carme ◽  
F. Bissuel ◽  
D. Ajzenberg ◽  
R. Bouyne ◽  
C. Aznar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Immunocompetent Adult ◽  
Acquired Toxoplasmosis

scholarly journals Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma Versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Diago-Sempere ◽  
Aranzazu Sancho-López ◽  
Jose Luis Bueno ◽  
Elena Múñez-Rubio ◽  
Ferran Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Open Label

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. At the time this clinical trial was planned, there were no available vaccine or therapeutic agents with proven efficacy, but the severity of the condition prompted the use of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. It has long been hypothesized that the use of convalescent plasma (CP) from infected patients who have developed an effective immune response is likely to be an option for the treatment of patients with a variety of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) of viral etiology. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma in adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods/Design: The ConPlas-19 study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label controlled trial. The study has been planned to include 278 adult patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 infection not requiring mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive). Subjects are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio (139 per treatment arm), stratified by center, to receive intravenously administered CP (single infusion) plus SOC or SOC alone, and are to be followed for 30 days. The primary endpoint of the study is the proportion of patients that progress to categories 5, 6 or 7 (on the 7-point ordinal scale proposed by the WHO) at day 15. Interim analyses for efficacy and/or futility will be conducted once 20%, 40%, and 60% of the planned sample size are enrolled and complete D15 assessment.Discussion: This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results of this study are expected to contribute to establishing the potential place of CP in the therapeutics for a new viral disease. Trial registration: Trial registration at clinicaltrials.gov; Registration Number: NCT04345523; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04345523; Registered on 30 March, 2020. First posted date: April 14, 2020.

scholarly journals Respiratory adenovirus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised adult patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cederwall ◽  
L. I. Påhlman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Immunocompetent Adults ◽  
Underlying Risk

Abstract Adenovirus (AdV) can cause severe respiratory infections in children and immunocompromised patients, but less is known about severe AdV pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. In this retrospective study, we compared respiratory tract infections and pneumonia caused by AdV in immunocompromised and immunocompetent adult patients regarding clinical presentation and severity of infection. The results show that AdV can cause severe infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and the clinical presentation and need for hospitalisation, mechanical ventilation and antiviral treatment were equal in both groups. No underlying risk factors for severe AdV infection in healthy individuals were identified.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Recovered from Hospitalized Adult Patients in the United States in 2009 to 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5595-5601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Rosalind C. Hollingsworth ◽  
Andrew Costello ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
Raul E. Isturiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trends Over Time

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the serotype distribution and trends over time ofStreptococcus pneumoniaestrains associated with noninvasive infections among adult patients ≥18 years of age in the United States (2009 to 2012). A total of 2,927S. pneumoniaeisolates recovered from patients presenting with respiratory infections and obtained mainly (87.0%) from lower respiratory tract specimens (sputum) were included. The levels of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes remained stable over the 4-year study period (4.6% to 5.5%;P= 0.953). Overall, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotypes were identified in 32.7% of samples, declining from 33.7% to 35.5% in 2009 to 2011 to 28.2% in 2012 (P= 0.007), with a significant decrease in the levels of serotypes 7F (P= 0.013) and 6A (P= 0.010). The levels of 19A remained constant (15.8% to 17.1%) during 2009 to 2011, dropping to 12.2% in 2012 (P= 0.089). The prevalence of serotypes associated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), but not PCV13, remained generally stable; however, the prevalence of serotypes 15B and 15C (15B/15C) increased from 2.7% to 6.3% (P= 0.010). The proportion of nonvaccine serotypes increased gradually during the study period (P= 0.044), particularly for serotype 35B (from 3.6% in 2009 to 8.2% in 2012;P= 0.001). Nonsusceptibility rates for penicillin (susceptible breakpoint, ≤2 μg/ml) and clindamycin against PCV7 serotypes decreased over the period. These results suggest the emergence of indirect effects following introduction of PCV13 for infants and young children; continued surveillance is needed to assess the burden of PCV13 serotypes in the adult population after the implementation of age-based recommendations in the United States.

scholarly journals Evaluation of convalescent plasma versus standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Diago-Sempere ◽  
José Luis Bueno ◽  
Aránzazu Sancho-López ◽  
Elena Múñez Rubio ◽  
Ferrán Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Open Label

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. At the time this clinical trial was planned, there were no available vaccine or therapeutic agents with proven efficacy, but the severity of the condition prompted the use of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. It has long been hypothesized that the use of convalescent plasma (CP) from infected patients who have developed an effective immune response is likely to be an option for the treatment of patients with a variety of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) of viral etiology. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma in adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods/design The ConPlas-19 study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label controlled trial. The study has been planned to include 278 adult patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 infection not requiring mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive). Subjects are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio (139 per treatment arm), stratified by center, to receive intravenously administered CP (single infusion) plus SOC or SOC alone, and are to be followed for 30 days. The primary endpoint of the study is the proportion of patients that progress to category 5, 6, or 7 (on the 7-point ordinal scale proposed by the WHO) at day 15. Interim analyses for efficacy and/or futility will be conducted once 20%, 40%, and 60% of the planned sample size are enrolled and complete D15 assessment. Discussion This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results of this study are expected to contribute to establishing the potential place of CP in the therapeutics for a new viral disease. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04345523. Registered on 30 March, 2020. First posted date: April 14, 2020.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma Versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Diago-Sempere ◽  
Aranzazu Sancho-López ◽  
Jose Luis Bueno ◽  
Elena Múñez-Rubio ◽  
Ferran Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Open Label

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. At the time this clinical trial was planned, there were no available vaccine or therapeutic agents with proven efficacy, but the severity of the condition prompted the use of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. It has long been hypothesized that the use of convalescent plasma (CP) from infected patients who have developed an effective immune response is likely to be an option for the treatment of patients with a variety of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) of viral etiology. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma in adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods/Design: The ConPlas-19 study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label controlled trial. The protocol has been prepared in accordance with the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) guidelines. The study has been planned to include 278 adult patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 infection not requiring mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive). Subjects are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio (139 per treatment arm), stratified by center, to receive intravenously administered CP (single infusion) plus SOC or SOC alone, and are to be followed for 30 days. The primary endpoint of the study is the proportion of patients that progress to categories 5, 6 or 7 (on the 7-point ordinal scale proposed by the WHO) at day 15. Interim analyses for efficacy and/or futility will be conducted once 20%, 40%, and 60% of the planned sample size are enrolled and complete D15 assessment.Discussion: This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results of this study are expected to contribute to establishing the potential place of CP in the therapeutics for a new viral disease. Trial registration: Trial registration at clinicaltrials.gov; Registration Number: NCT04345523; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04345523; Registered on 30 March, 2020. First posted date: April 14, 2020.

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