scholarly journals Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella typhimurium by Phenotypic and Genotypic Typing Methods

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3769-3773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaa Ait Mhand ◽  
Naima Brahimi ◽  
Najat Moustaoui ◽  
Naima El Mdaghri ◽  
Hamid Amarouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Pattern Determination

During 1994, 10 isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella typhimurium were recovered from children transferred to our hospital from two different centers. Two additional isolates were recovered from two nurses from one of these centers. The aim of this study was to determine if there is any relationship between these isolates. The characterization was done by phenotypic and genotypic methods: biotyping, phage typing, antibiotic susceptibility pattern determination, plasmid analysis, ribotyping (by the four endonucleases EcoRI,SmaI, BglII, and PvuII), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genome macrorestriction patterns with XbaI, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern determination (with the three primers 217 d2, B1, and A3). The same biotype, the same serotype, and an identical antibiotype were found. All isolates were resistant to oxyimino-β-lactams, gentamicin, tobramycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. All isolates showed an indistinguishable pattern by ribotyping and very similar patterns by PFGE and RAPD. The overall results indicated the spread of a closely related strain of S. typhimurium in children and nurses.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of mcr-1-Positive Salmonella Strains Recovered from Clinical Specimens in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingquan Cui ◽  
Jinfei Zhang ◽  
Zhen Gu ◽  
Ruichao Li ◽  
Edward Wai-chi Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Conjugative Plasmids ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Pfge Profiles

ABSTRACT The recently discovered colistin resistance element, mcr-1, adds to the list of antimicrobial resistance genes that rapidly erode the antimicrobial efficacy of not only the commonly used antibiotics but also the last-line agents of carbapenems and colistin. This study investigated the prevalence of the mobile colistin resistance determinant mcr-1 in Salmonella strains recovered from clinical settings in China and the transmission potential of mcr-1-bearing mobile elements harbored by such isolates. The mcr-1 gene was recoverable in 1.4% of clinical isolates tested, with the majority of them belonging to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. These isolates exhibited diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles and high resistance to antibiotics other than colistin and particularly to cephalosporins. Plasmid analysis showed that mcr-1 was carried on a variety of plasmids with sizes ranging from ∼30 to ∼250 kb, among which there were conjugative plasmids of ∼30 kb, ∼60 kb, and ∼250 kb and nonconjugative plasmids of ∼140 kb, ∼180 kb, and ∼240 kb. Sequencing of representative mcr-1-carrying plasmids revealed that all conjugative plasmids belonged to the IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2 types and were highly similar to the corresponding types of plasmids reported previously. Nonconjugative plasmids all belonged to the IncHI2 type, and the nontransferability of these plasmids was attributed to the loss of a region carrying partial or complete tra genes. Our data revealed that, similar to the situation in Escherichia coli, mcr-1 transmission in Salmonella was accelerated by various plasmids, suggesting that transmission of mcr-1-carrying plasmids between different species of Enterobacteriaceae may be a common event.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Strains from Healthy and Sick Animals in Spain in 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1262-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Miguel Angel Moreno ◽  
Tirushet Teshager ◽  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
María Concepción Porrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACT Genes encoding CTX-M-14, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-32, SHV-12, TEM-52, or CMY-2 β-lactamases were detected in 21 Escherichia coli strains recovered during 2003 from sick animals (11 of 459 [2.4%] strains) and healthy animals (10 of 158 [6.3%] strains) in Spain. Twelve of these strains harbored bla CTX-M genes and showed unrelated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.

scholarly journals Spread of a Salmonella typhimurium Clone Resistant to Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Three European Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3774-3777 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Tassios ◽  
M. Gazouli ◽  
E. Tzelepi ◽  
H. Milch ◽  
N. Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Chromosomal Type

Twelve Salmonella typhimurium strains resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins were isolated from cases of gastroenteritis during 1996 to 1998 in Russia, Hungary, and Greece. Resistance was due to the production of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases encoded by similar 12-kb plasmids. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, all strains shared the same chromosomal type. These data suggest that an S. typhimurium clone resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins is present in at least three European countries.

Comparison of serotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and amplified fragment length polymorphism for typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishath Shaaly ◽  
Marit Gjerde Tellevik ◽  
Nina Langeland ◽  
E Arne Høiby ◽  
Roland Jureen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Typing System ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Good Concordance

The aim of the present study was to compare serotyping, PFGE and AFLP for typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with regard to discriminatory power, typeability and typing system concordance. Thirty-four isolates from cerobrospinal fluid and 34 time-matched blood culture isolates collected from in-patients at two hospitals in western Norway during the period from January 1994 to May 2002 were included in the study. The discriminatory powers of serotyping, PFGE and AFLP were 0.93, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. The typeabilities for serotyping, PFGE and AFLP were 1, 1 and 0.99, respectively. A good concordance was shown between all the typing methods. Serotyping would most probably have a higher discriminatory power if further subtyping had been performed. PFGE was more discriminatory than AFLP, and AFLP grouped more-distantly related isolates together. The two typing methods thus provided different information, and therefore both could be useful adjuncts to serotyping for the characterization of S. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Use of Conserved Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Fragments and RAPD Pattern for Characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum in Ghanaian Fermented Maize Dough

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 3213-3221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice E. Hayford ◽  
Anne Petersen ◽  
Finn K. Vogensen ◽  
Mogens Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Cluster 2

ABSTRACT The present work describes the use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for the characterization of 172 dominantLactobacillus isolates from present and previous studies of Ghanaian maize fermentation. Heterofermentative lactobacilli dominate the fermentation flora, since approximately 85% of the isolates belong to this group. Cluster analysis of the RAPD profiles obtained showed the presence of two main clusters. Cluster 1 includedLactobacillus fermentum, whereas cluster 2 comprised the remaining Lactobacillus spp. The two distinct clusters emerged at the similarity level of <50%. All isolates in cluster 1 showed similarity in their RAPD profile to the reference strains ofL. fermentum included in the study. These isolates, yielding two distinct bands of approximately 695 and 773 bp with the primers used, were divided into four subclusters, indicating that several strains are involved in the fermentation and remain dominant throughout the process. The two distinct RAPD fragments were cloned, sequenced, and used as probes in Southern hybridization experiments. With one exception, Lactobacillus reuteri LMG 13045, the probes hybridized only to fragments of different sizes inEcoRI-digested chromosomal DNA of L. fermentumstrains, thus indicating the specificity of the probes and variation within the L. fermentum isolates.

scholarly journals Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing: a useful tool for rapid epidemiological typing ofKlebsiella pneumoniae

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. C. S. Wong ◽  
C. J. Linton ◽  
H. Jalal ◽  
M. R. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Epidemiological Typing ◽  
Dna Extraction Method ◽  
Typing Methods

SUMMARYDiscriminatory typing methods are invaluable in the investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Single primers were used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles fromKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates of various serotype andK. pneumoniaeisolates from cases of sepsis at a Malaysian hospital and two English hospitals. RAPD profiles of acceptable reproducibility, a maximum of three minor band variations, were produced using a rapid DNA extraction method. RAPD typing ofK. pneumoniaewas shown to be as discriminatory as restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using pulsed field gel electrophoresis yet quicker and less costly. The findings suggest that RAPD typing may be a useful tool for the epidemiological typing ofK. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Serratia spp. and Citrobacter spp. Isolates from Companion Animals in Japan: Nosocomial Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Citrobacter freundii

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Harada ◽  
Takae Shimizu ◽  
Hiroichi Ozaki ◽  
Yui Kimura ◽  
Tadashi Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pfge Profiles

In many countries including Japan, the status of emerging antimicrobial resistance among Serratia spp. and Citrobacter spp. in companion animals remains unknown because these genera are rarely isolated from animals. In this study, 30 Serratia spp. and 23 Citrobacter spp. isolates from companion animals underwent susceptibility testing for 10 antimicrobials. Phenotypic and genetic approaches were used to identify the mechanisms of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC). Subsequently, ESC-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains underwent multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A significantly higher rate (34.8%) of ESC resistance was observed in Citrobacter spp. isolates than in Serratia spp. isolates (0%). ESC resistance was detected in five C. freundii strains, two C. portucalensis strains, and one C. koseri strain. All of the ESC-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains harbored CMY-type and/or DHA-type AmpC β-lactamases. Three C. freundii strains harbored the CTX-M-3-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Notably, the three blaCTX-3-producing and two blaCMY-117-bearing C. freundii strains (obtained from different patients in one hospital) had the same sequence type (ST156 and ST18, respectively) and similar PFGE profiles. We believe that ESC-resistant Citrobacter spp. are important nosocomial pathogens in veterinary medicine. Therefore, infection control in animal hospitals is essential to prevent dissemination of these resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Discriminatory Powers of the Dienes Test and Ribotyping as Typing Methods for Proteus mirabilis

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pfaller ◽  
I. Mujeeb ◽  
R. J. Hollis ◽  
R. N. Jones ◽  
G. V. Doern
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Microbial Characterization ◽  
Typing Methods

A total of 63 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabiliscollected over a 19-month period were typed by the Dienes test and ribotyping. Ribotyping was performed using the fully automated RiboPrinter Microbial Characterization System (Qualicon, Wilmington, Del.). Isolates that were indistinguishable by the Dienes test and/or ribotyping were characterized further by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of the isolates represented unique strains as judged by the Dienes test and ribotyping. Forty isolates represented 40 different ribotypes and Dienes types. The remaining 23 isolates were grouped into 13 Dienes types, 12 ribotypes, and 14 PFGE types. The index of discrimination was 0.980 for the Dienes test, 0.979 for ribotyping, and 0.992 for PFGE. Both the Dienes test and ribotyping are useful methods for identifying individual strains of P. mirabilis. The Dienes test is simple, inexpensive, and easy to perform. It can be performed in virtually any laboratory and should be used in the initial epidemiologic characterization of P. mirabilis isolates.

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