scholarly journals Evaluation of the New MB Redox System for Detection of Growth of Mycobacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2013-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Cambau ◽  
Claudine Wichlacz ◽  
Chantal Truffot-Pernot ◽  
Vincent Jarlier
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Mycobacterial Culture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time To Detection ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

We evaluated a new mycobacterial culture system, MB Redox, for recovery rate and time to detection of mycobacteria from 742 consecutive respiratory specimens and compared the results to those found with Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Twenty specimens (2.7%) were positive for M. tuberculosis: 17 on LJ medium and 19 in MB Redox, with 16 specimens positive in both media. In addition, 24 specimens (3.2%) were positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), 20 on LJ medium, 18 in MB Redox, and 14 in both media. For M. tuberculosis, the mean times to detection were 28.9 days on LJ medium and 23.6 days in MB Redox, and for NTM, the mean times to detection were 40.6 days on LJ medium and 32.3 days in MB Redox.

scholarly journals Geographical distribution and regional differences in 532 clinical isolates of rapidly growing mycobacterial species in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kamada ◽  
Atsushi Yoshida ◽  
Shigekazu Iguchi ◽  
Yuko Arai ◽  
Yutaka Uzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Mycobacterial Species ◽  
Type Region ◽  
Medical Laboratories ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Specimens ◽  
Northern Japan

AbstractInfectious diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly becoming a major global problem. Additionally, Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus (MAB) infections are refractory to macrolides. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) species isolated from clinical specimens in Japan and assess differences in the regional distribution of lower respiratory specimens (LRS)- and non-lower respiratory specimens (NLRS)-derived species. 532 strains (427 LRS, 92 NLRS and 15 unknown specimens) were isolated in nine areas of Japan. We collected 418 specimens from Bio Medical Laboratories (BML), Inc., and 114 specimens from 45 hospitals in Japan. Their epidemiological differences were examined according to the specimen type, region, and climate. Fifteen species were identified. The proportion of M. abscessus group (MAG) strains was significantly lower in NLRS than in LRS (35.9% vs. 68.4%). The proportion of MAG strains was higher in northern Japan than in other regions (83.7% vs. 60.5%). Variations in strain abundance among RGM species was evident in regions with a mean annual temperature below 15 °C. We conclude that the proportions of MAG strains differed between NLRS and LRS in Japan. In addition, the mean annual temperature likely influenced the distribution of RGM species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of BACTEC MYCO/F Lytic Medium for Recovery of Mycobacteria and Fungi from Blood

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca T. Waite ◽  
Gail L. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Mycobacterium Kansasii ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Blood Culture System ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time To Detection ◽  
Mean Time

The reliability of MYCO/F Lytic medium in the BACTEC 9240 blood culture system was evaluated by comparing its performance to that of the Isolator system for the recovery of fungi and to that of the ESP II system for the recovery of mycobacteria. Of 717 specimens of blood cultured for fungi, 24 were positive; 12 samples were positive with both systems, 7 samples were positive with the Isolator system only, and 5 samples were positive with MYCO/F Lytic medium only. Fourteen samples grew Histoplasma capsulatum; both systems detectedH. capsulatum in seven samples but the Isolator system alone detected H. capsulatum in seven samples. The mean times to the detection of H. capsulatum were 8 days (range, 4 to 13 days) for MYCO/F Lytic medium and 9 days (range, 6 to 18 days) for the Isolator system; the mean times to identification were 20 days (range, 15 to 24 days) for isolates recovered with MYCO/F Lytic medium and 11 days (range, 6 to 18 days) for those recovered with the Isolator system (P < 0.05). Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from 10 fungal cultures; five isolates grew in both systems, and five isolates grew in MYCO/F Lytic medium only. The mean times to detection of C. neoformans were 4 days (range, 2 to 6 days) for MYCO/F Lytic medium and 7 days (range, 5 to 7 days) for the Isolator system (P < 0.05); the mean times to identification were 15 days (range, 7 to 27 days) for isolates recovered with MYCO/F Lytic medium and 8 days (range, 7 to 11 days) for those recovered with the Isolator system. Of the 687 samples of blood cultured for mycobacteria, 64 blood samples from 42 patients grew mycobacteria (58 grew Mycobacterium avium complex, 4 grew Mycobacterium kansasii, and 2 grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis); 42 isolates were recovered with both systems, 18 were isolated with MYCO/F medium only, and 4 were isolated with the ESP II system only alone (P < 0.05). The mean time to detection of mycobacteria with MYCO/F Lytic medium was 14 days, whereas it was 17 days with the ESP II system (P < 0.05). In summary, the combination of MYCO/F Lytic medium and the BACTEC 9240 instrument is an excellent blood culture system for the growth and detection of mycobacteria. A valid assessment of MYCO/F Lytic medium with regard to fungal isolation, however, was not possible due to the small number of isolates recovered.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube with MB Redox, Löwenstein-Jensen, and Middlebrook 7H11 Media for Recovery of Mycobacteria in Clinical Specimens

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1366-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Somoskövi ◽  
Pál Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Indicator Tube ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Time To Detection ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Growth Indicator

The rate of recovery and the mean time to detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens were evaluated with two nonradiometric broth-based systems, the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and MB Redox systems. The data obtained for each system were compared with each other and with those obtained with the Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) and Middlebrook 7H11 reference media. A total of 117 mycobacterial isolates (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, n = 112; nontuberculous mycobacteria, n = 5) were detected in 486 clinical specimens. The recovery rates for M. tuberculosis were 91 of 112 (81.3%) isolates with MGIT and 81 of 112 (72.3%) isolates with MB Redox. The combination of MGIT plus MB Redox recovered 104 of the 112 (92.9%) M. tuberculosisisolates. MGIT plus LJ plus Middlebrook 7H11 recovered 106 of the 112 (94.6%) isolates, MB Redox plus LJ plus Middlebrook 7H11 recovered 99 of the 112 (88.4%) isolates, and LJ plus Middlebrook 7H11 recovered 84 of the 112 (75.0%) isolates. The mean time to detection of M. tuberculosis in smear-positive specimens was 7.2 days with MGIT, 6.9 days with MB Redox, 20.4 days with LJ, and 17.6 days with Middlebrook 7H11. The mean time to detection of M. tuberculosis in smear-negative specimens was 19.1 days with MGIT, 15.5 days with MB Redox, 25.8 days with LJ, and 21.6 days with Middlebrook 7H11. The contamination rates were 4.4, 3.8, 2.1, and 2.7% for MGIT, MB Redox, LJ, and Middlebrook 7H11, respectively. In conclusion, MGIT and MB Redox can be viable tools in the routine mycobacteriology laboratory.

scholarly journals Geographical Distribution and Regional Differences in 532 Clinical Isolates of Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Species in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kamada ◽  
Atsushi Yoshida ◽  
Shigekazu Iguchi ◽  
Yuko Arai ◽  
Yutaka Uzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Mycobacterial Species ◽  
Type Region ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Specimens ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract Infectious diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly becoming a major global problem. Additionally, Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus (MAB) infections are refractory to macrolides. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) species isolated from clinical specimens in Japan and assess differences in the regional distribution of lower respiratory specimens (LRS)- and non-lower respiratory specimens (NLRS)-derived species. 532 strains (427 LRS, 92 NLRS and 15 unknown specimens) were isolated in nine areas of Japan. Their epidemiological differences were examined according to the specimen type, region and climate. Fifteen species were identified. The top three RGM species from LRS and NLRS were identical. The proportion of M. abscessus group (MAG) strains was significantly lower in NLRS than in LRS (35.9% vs. 68.4%). The proportion of MAG strains was higher in northern Japan than in other regions (83.7% vs. 60.5%). Variations in strain abundance among RGM species was evident in regions with a mean annual temperature below 15 °C. We conclude that the proportions of MAG strains differed between NLRS and LRS in Japan. In addition, the mean annual temperature likely influenced the distribution of RGM species.

scholarly journals Lower Recovery of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Outdoor Hawai’i Environmental Water Biofilms Compared to Indoor Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Ravleen Virdi ◽  
Melissa E. Lowe ◽  
Grant J. Norton ◽  
Stephanie N. Dawrs ◽  
Nabeeh A. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Respiratory Specimens ◽  
Rpob Sequence

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that can cause opportunistic pulmonary disease with species diversity showing significant regional variation. In the United States, Hawai’i shows the highest rate of NTM pulmonary disease. The need for improved understanding of NTM reservoirs led us to identify NTM from patient respiratory specimens and compare NTM diversity between outdoor and indoor locations in Hawai’i. A total of 545 water biofilm samples were collected from 357 unique locations across Kaua’i (n = 51), O’ahu (n = 202), Maui (n = 159), and Hawai’i Island (n = 133) and divided into outdoor (n = 179) or indoor (n = 366) categories. rpoB sequence analysis was used to determine NTM species and predictive modeling applied to develop NTM risk maps based on geographic characteristics between environments. M. chimaera was frequently identified from respiratory and environmental samples followed by M. chelonae and M. abscessus; yet significantly less NTM were consistently recovered from outdoor compared to indoor biofilms, as exemplified by showerhead biofilm samples. While the frequency of M. chimaera recovery was comparable between outdoor and indoor showerhead biofilms, phylogenetic analyses demonstrate similar rpoB gene sequences between all showerhead and respiratory M. chimaera isolates, supporting outdoor and indoor environments as possible sources for pulmonary M. chimaera infections.

scholarly journals 171IMPROVEMENT IN EMBRYO RECOVERY USING UTERINE DOUBLE FLUSHING

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Castro Neto ◽  
B.V. Sanches ◽  
S.H.V. Perri ◽  
M.M. Seneda ◽  
J.F. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Uterine Flushing ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of uterine double flushing on embryo recovery rates (total structures and viable embryos), after a resting period with the uterus filled with PBS. There were 210 embryo recovery procedures conducted using the uterine double flushing method, and the results were compaired with 432 conventional single flushing procedures. All procedures were conducted with Limousin (n=403) and Guzerá (n=239) cows, following the same superovulation protocol. Cyclic donors received a progestagen implant (CIDR) and 1mL of oestradiol benzoate (Estrogin®) at Day 0. Between Day 5 and Day 9 animals received doses ranging from 200 to 300UI (zebu cows) and 300 to 500UI (taurine cows) of FSH (Pluset® – Serono) in decreasing doses. Between Day 6 and Day 8 PGF2a (Ciosin®) was administered, followed by withdrawal of the progestagen after 24h. Artificial insemination was performed between 14 and 26h after the beginning of treatment. For the double flushing procedure, after the first uterine flushing of both horns with 1L DPBS (Nutricell), a Foley catheter was positioned in the uterine body in order to fill the uterus with the same solution (80 to 150mL). After this procedure the catheter was closed with a disposable 5-mL syringe gasket, and the animals were allowed to rest in the surroundings of the work place for 30min. After this period, a second flush was performed in order to recover the remaning liquid used during manipulation of the uterus. Animals from the control group (group A) were subjected to a single uterine flushing procedure. From 210 double flushing procedures (group B – test), 1409 viable embryos were produced, classified as grades I, II, III and IV (IETS), (average of 6.7 embryos per procedure), whereas, in the 432 single flushing procedure (group A – control), 1993 embryos were produced (average of 4.6). Statistical analysis showed the increase of viable embryo recovery rate. When consecutive double flushing was performed, the average of recovered embryos increased from 8.3 to 12.7 (P&lt;0.05) in Limousin cows, and from 7.9 to 11.5 (P&lt;0.05) in Guzerá cows. Comparing recovery after single flushing with that after double flushing, the mean number of viable embryos increased from 4.7 to 6.9 (P&lt;0.05) in Limousin cows and from 4.5 to 6.4 (P&lt;0.05) in Guzerá cows. In order to assure the nonexistence of negligence effects or operator influence on results, the mean values of total embryo recovery rate after single flushing (control group) was compared to the mean values of the same rate after the first uterine flushing on test group. Results indicated no difference between recovery rates. The present work showed the viability of using the uterine double flushing procedure for improvement of embryo recovery rates in cattle.

scholarly journals Uterine prolapse in cows: Effect of raising the rear end on the clinical outcomes and reproductive performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ishii ◽  
T. Aoki ◽  
K. Yamakawa ◽  
T. Uyama ◽  
S. El-khodery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raising the rear end when replacing the prolapsed uterus in cows on the outcome and reproductive performance. A total of 76 cows with uterine prolapse were investigated, 10 of which had died before treatment. According to the posture, cows were divided into standing (Standing: <I>n </I>= 11) and recumbent (Recumbent: <I>n </I>= 55). Recumbent cows were subdivided randomly into lying (Lying: <I>n </I>= 24), lifting up using a cow-lift (Cow-lift: <I>n </I>= 18), and raising hind legs using a tractor (Raising: <I>n </I>= 13). Recovery rate after treatment of all cows was 60.6%. The recovery rate of Recumbent (52.7%) was significantly (<I>P&nbsp;</I>&lt;&nbsp;0.01) lower than Standing (100%). Among the recumbent cows, Lying showed the lowest recovery rate (37.5%), which was significantly lower than the recovery rate (64.5%) of the combined Cow-lift and Raising groups. The mean nonpregnant term of Raising (144 days) was significantly (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) shorter than of Cow-lift (297 days). In conclusion, the method of replacing the uterus by raising the hind legs during treatment of uterine prolapse in cows could improve the recovery rate and breeding performance.

The influence of approach side on facet preservation in microscopic bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach for degenerative lumbar scoliosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Matsumura ◽  
Takashi Namikawa ◽  
Hidetomi Terai ◽  
Tadao Tsujio ◽  
Akinobu Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Spinal Instability ◽  
Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis ◽  
Lumbar Scoliosis ◽  
Unilateral Approach ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Mean

Object The authors compared the clinical outcomes of microscopic bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach (MBDU) for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and for lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) without instability. The authors also compared postoperative spinal instability in terms of different approach sides (concave or convex) following the procedure. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed data obtained in 50 consecutive patients (25 in the DLS group and 25 in the LCS group) who underwent MBDU; the minimum follow-up period was 2 years. Patients with DLS were divided into 2 subgroups according to the surgical approach side: a concave group (23 segment) and a convex group (17 segments). The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale scores for the assessment of low-back pain were evaluated before surgery and at final follow-up. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale scores and recovery rates were compared between the DLS and LCS groups, and between the convex and concave groups. Cobb angle and scoliotic wedging angle (SWA) were evaluated on standing radiographs before surgery and at final follow-up. Facet joint preservation (the percentage of preservation) was assessed on pre- and postoperative CT scans, compared between the LCS and DLS groups, and compared between the concave and convex groups. The influence of approach side on postoperative progression of segmental instability was also examined in the DLS group. Results The mean recovery rate was 58.7% in the DLS and 62.0% in the LCS group. The mean recovery rate was 58.6% in the convex group and 60.6% in the concave group. There were no significant differences in recovery rates between the LCS and DLS groups, or between the DLS subgroups. The mean Cobb angles in the DLS group were significantly increased from 12.7° preoperatively to 14.1° postoperatively (p < 0.05), and mean preoperative SWAs increased significantly from 6.2° at L3–4 and 4.1° at L4–5 preoperatively to 7.4° and 4.9°, respectively, at final follow-up (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in percentage of preservation between the DLS and LCS groups. The mean percentages of preservation on the approach side in the DLS group at L3–4 and L4–5 were 89.0% and 83.1% in the convex group, and those in the concave group were 67.3% and 77.6%, respectively. The percentage of preservation at L3–4 was significantly higher in the convex than the concave group. The mean SWA had increased in the concave group (p = 0.01) but not the convex group (p = 0.15) at final follow-up. Conclusions The MBDU can reduce postoperative segmental spinal instability and achieve good postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with DLS. The convex approach provides surgeons with good visibility and improves preservation of facet joints.

scholarly journals Posterior Oropharyngeal Saliva for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2939-2946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Cheuk Ying Wong ◽  
Herman Tse ◽  
Hon Kei Siu ◽  
Tsz Shan Kwong ◽  
Man Yee Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Acceptable Alternative ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alternative Specimen ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put tremendous pressure on the healthcare system worldwide. Diagnostic testing remained one of the limiting factors for early identification and isolation of infected patients. This study aimed to evaluate posterior oropharyngeal saliva (POPS) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection among patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Methods The laboratory information system was searched retrospectively for all respiratory specimens and POPS requested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection between 1 February 2020 and 15 April 2020. The agreement and diagnostic performance of POPS against NPsp were evaluated. Results A total of 13772 specimens were identified during the study period, including 2130 POPS and 8438 nasopharyngeal specimens (NPsp). Two hundred and twenty-nine same-day POPS-NPsp paired were identified with POPS and NPsp positivity of 61.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 55.1–67.6%) and 53.3% (95% CI 46.8–59.6%). The overall, negative and positive percent agreement were 76.0% (95% CI 70.2–80.9%), 65.4% (95% CI 55.5–74.2%), 85.2% (95% CI 77.4–90.8%). Better positive percent agreement was observed in POPS-NPsp obtained within 7 days (96.6%, 95% CI 87.3–99.4%) compared with after 7 days of symptom onset (75.0%, 95% CI 61.4–85.2%). Among the 104 positive pairs, the mean difference in Cp value was 0.26 (range: 12.63 to −14.74), with an overall higher Cp value in NPsp (Pearson coefficient 0.579). No significant temporal variation was noted between the 2 specimen types. Conclusions POPS is an acceptable alternative specimen to nasopharyngeal specimen for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.

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