scholarly journals Evasion of Host Defenses by Measles Virus: Wild-Type Measles Virus Infection Interferes with Induction of Alpha/Beta Interferon Production

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (16) ◽  
pp. 7478-7484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Naniche ◽  
Annie Yeh ◽  
Danelle Eto ◽  
Marianne Manchester ◽  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Alpha Beta

ABSTRACT Measles is a highly contagious disease currently responsible for over one million childhood deaths, particularly in the developing world. Since alpha/beta interferons (IFNs) are pivotal players both in nonspecific antiviral immunity and in specific cellular responses, their induction or suppression by measles virus (MV) could influence the outcome of a viral infection. In this study we compare the IFN induction and sensitivity of laboratory-passaged attenuated MV strains Edmonston and Moraten with those of recent wild-type viruses isolated and passaged solely on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or on the B958 marmoset B-cell line. We report that two PBMC-grown wild-type measles isolates and two B958-grown strains of MV induce 10- to 80-fold-lower production of IFN by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) compared to Edmonston and Moraten strains of measles. Preinfection of PBL with these non-IFN-inducing MV isolates prevents Edmonston-induced but not double-stranded-RNA-induced IFN production. This suggests that the wild-type viruses can actively inhibit Edmonston-induced IFN synthesis and that this is not occurring by double-stranded RNA. Furthermore, the wild-type MV is more sensitive than Edmonston MV to the effect of IFN. MV is thus able to suppress the synthesis of the earliest mediator of antiviral immunity, IFN-α/β. This could have important implications in the virulence and spread of MV.

scholarly journals Characteristics of a Pathogenic Molecular Clone of an End-Stage Serum-Derived Variant of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIVF359)

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 9328-9338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Holterman ◽  
Rob Dubbes ◽  
James Mullins ◽  
Gerald Learn ◽  
Henk Niphuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Molecular Clone ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
End Stage

ABSTRACT End-stage simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates are suggested to be the most fit of the evolved virulent variants that precipitate the progression to AIDS. To determine if there were common characteristics of end-stage variants which emerge from accelerated cases of AIDS, a molecular clone was derived directly from serum following in vivo selection of a highly virulent SIV isolate obtained by serial end-stage passage in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). This dominant variant caused a marked cytopathic effect and replicated to very high levels in activated but not resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, although this clone infected but did not replicate to detectable levels in rhesus monocyte-derived macrophages, these cells were able to transmit infection to autologous T cells upon contact. Interestingly, although at low doses this end-stage variant did not use any of the known coreceptors except CCR5, it was able to infect and replicate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells homozygous for the Δ32 deletion of CCR5, suggesting the use of a novel coreceptor. It represents the first pathogenic molecular clone of SIV derived from viral RNA in serum and provides evidence that not only the genetic but also the biological characteristics acquired by highly fit late-stage disease variants may be distinct in different hosts.

scholarly journals Spurious detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-312
Author(s):  
JA Fletcher ◽  
R Bell ◽  
M Koekebakker ◽  
AA Dowers ◽  
RP McCaffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Inducible Protein

Expression of terminal transferase (TdT) is believed to be restricted to primitive lymphoid cells; recently, however, indirect immunofluorescent (IF) assays have been used to demonstrate the apparent presence of TdT in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and in various nonlymphoid malignancies. Using an IF assay, we found that a heteroantiserum to TdT reacted with cultured and PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but we were unable to confirm the presence of TdT in these cells using immunoblotting and biochemical assays. We conclude that the IF results are spurious and most likely represent recognition by the heteroantiserum of inducible protein(s) other than TdT.

scholarly journals Effects of 2-amino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives on the viability and functional state of human peripheral blood lymphocytes

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Darya B. Nizheharodava ◽  
Galina A. Ksendzova ◽  
Aliaksei G. Sysa ◽  
Mariya Yu. Yurkevich ◽  
Maryna V. Labai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Derivatives of 2-amino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol exhibit antiviral properties and radical regulatory activity against various types of organic radicals which determines the actuality of their further investigation. But the question of aminophenol derivatives immunomodulatory activity remains open. In this regard, the aim of the study was to assess the effects of 2-amino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives on the viability and functional potential of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. As a result of the studies, it was shown that aminophenol compounds at concentrations of 10–5–10–7 mol did not exert a toxic effect while at a concentration of 10–4 mol showed a cytotoxic effect due to the induction of secondary necrosis. Compounds N-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-morpholinophenol at a concentration of 10–6 mol stimulated the extracellular production of α-interferon by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intracellular production of γ-interferon by CD3+T-lymphocytes. An immunosuppressive effect (more than 50 %) of N-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-morpholinophenol compounds at a concentration of 10–5 mol was revealed to the mitogen-induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes.

Inhibition Effect of Shengma-Gegen-Tang on Measles Virus in Vero Cells and Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Pang Huang ◽  
Gow Jen Shieh ◽  
Lili Lee ◽  
Hwa Jen Teng ◽  
Shang Tei Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Shengma-Gegen-Tang has long been used against measles virus in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as in Vero cells. One hundred μg/ml Shengma-Gegen-Tang in PBMC displays significant anti-measles activity, whereas the same concentration in Vero cells does not. After eight days of infection, the release of virus is significantly suppressed by Shengma-Gegen-Tang in the case of PBMC. In addition, Shengma-Gegen-Tang has a selective stimulation to the secretion of cytokine TNF-α in PBMC. Time kinetic analysis indicated that the stimulation of secretion was rapid and could be detected only 2 hrs following the treatment of the PBMC. It rose to an optimal level in 8-12 hrs. These findings suggest that the magnification of anti-measles virus activity of this agent is lymphocyte dependent and may well be mediated by TNF-α.

scholarly journals Spurious detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Fletcher ◽  
R Bell ◽  
M Koekebakker ◽  
AA Dowers ◽  
RP McCaffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Inducible Protein

Abstract Expression of terminal transferase (TdT) is believed to be restricted to primitive lymphoid cells; recently, however, indirect immunofluorescent (IF) assays have been used to demonstrate the apparent presence of TdT in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and in various nonlymphoid malignancies. Using an IF assay, we found that a heteroantiserum to TdT reacted with cultured and PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but we were unable to confirm the presence of TdT in these cells using immunoblotting and biochemical assays. We conclude that the IF results are spurious and most likely represent recognition by the heteroantiserum of inducible protein(s) other than TdT.

scholarly journals Inhibition of host peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation ex vivo by Rinderpest virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 3349-3355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heaney ◽  
S. L. Cosby ◽  
T. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rinderpest Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Virus Dose

Rinderpest, or cattle plague, is caused by Rinderpest virus (RPV), which is related most closely to human Measles virus (MV), both being members of the genus Morbillivirus, a group of viruses known to have strong immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. Here, it was shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from cattle experimentally infected with either wild-type or vaccine strains of RPV impaired the proliferation of PBMCs derived from uninfected animals; however, in contrast to either mild or virulent strains of wild-type virus, the inhibition induced by the vaccine was both weak and transient. Flow-cytometric analysis of PBMCs obtained from cattle infected with different strains of RPV showed that the proportion of infected cells was virus dose-dependent and correlated with lymphoproliferative suppression.

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