scholarly journals Protection against Tetanus by Needle-Free Inoculation of Adenovirus-Vectored Nasal and Epicutaneous Vaccines

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (23) ◽  
pp. 11474-11482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongkai Shi ◽  
Mingtao Zeng ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Felix Siegel ◽  
Laura J. Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Protective Immune Response ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Live Bacteria

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of vaccination programs would be enhanced greatly through the availability of vaccines that can be administered simply and, preferably, painlessly without the need for timed booster injections. Tetanus is a prime example of a disease that is readily preventable by vaccination but remains a major threat to public health due to the problems associated with administration of the present vaccine. Here we show that a protective immune response against liveClostridium tetani infection in mice can be elicited by an adenovirus vector encoding the tetanus toxin C fragment when administered as a nasal or epicutaneous vaccine. The results suggest that these vaccination modalities would be effective needle-free alternatives. This is the first demonstration that absorption of a small number of vectored vaccines into the skin following topical application of a patch can provide protection against live bacteria in a disease setting.

scholarly journals Smarter, faster, better vaccines

2015 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Evin Allen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Live Bacteria

Since Edward Jenner pioneered modern vaccination in the late 18th century, no other public health intervention has saved as many lives. Vaccines keep us safe and dramatically reduce the mortality and morbidity from many infectious diseases such as measles, diphtheria and influenza. Vaccines are safe, non-viable versions of pathogens (viruses, bacteria) that when administered directs the body into producing an immune response against the pathogen, and it is this that prevents any subsequent infection by the live bacteria or virus. Vaccines are composed of proteins, unlike most medicines that we are prescribed which are chemical molecules produced synthetically by a series of chemical reactions. Chemical molecules are quite small in size and are very stable to the environment; in contrast proteins are large and complex and very unstable. This means that generally we can’t give vaccines as tablets because they would be degraded in the stomach by the same enzymes ...

Dog meat trade a ‘major threat to public health’

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (8) ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
Josh Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Major Threat

scholarly journals Informed consent and informed intervention: SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations not just call for disclosure of newly emerging safety data but also for hypothesis generation and testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C. Fischer ◽  
Albrecht G. Schmidt ◽  
Edwin Bölke ◽  
Verena Keitel ◽  
Torsten Feldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Scale

Abstract Background COVID-19 infection is a major threat to patients and health care providers around the world. One solution is the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Methods We performed a comprehensive query of the latest publications on the prevention of viral infections including the recent vaccination program and its side effects. Results The situation is evolving rapidly and there is no reasonable alternative to population-scale vaccination programs as currently enrolled. Conclusion Therefore, regulatory authorities should consider supplementing their conventional mandate of post-approval pharmacovigilance, which is based on the collection, assessment, and regulatory response to emerging safety findings.

scholarly journals Randomized, Blinded, Dose-Ranging Trial of an Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Nanoparticle Vaccine With Matrix-M Adjuvant in Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Fries ◽  
Iksung Cho ◽  
Verena Krähling ◽  
Sarah K Fehling ◽  
Thomas Strecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Human Vaccine

Abstract Background Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemics pose a major public health risk. There currently is no licensed human vaccine against EBOV. The safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant EBOV glycoprotein (GP) nanoparticle vaccine formulated with or without Matrix-M adjuvant were evaluated to support vaccine development. Methods A phase 1, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial was conducted in 230 healthy adults to evaluate 4 EBOV GP antigen doses as single- or 2-dose regimens with or without adjuvant. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed through 1-year postdosing. Results All EBOV GP vaccine formulations were well tolerated. Receipt of 2 doses of EBOV GP with adjuvant showed a rapid increase in anti-EBOV GP immunoglobulin G titers with peak titers observed on Day 35 representing 498- to 754-fold increases from baseline; no evidence of an antigen dose response was observed. Serum EBOV-neutralizing and binding antibodies using wild-type Zaire EBOV (ZEBOV) or pseudovirion assays were 3- to 9-fold higher among recipients of 2-dose EBOV GP with adjuvant, compared with placebo on Day 35, which persisted through 1 year. Conclusions Ebola virus GP vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant is well tolerated and elicits a robust and persistent immune response. These data suggest that further development of this candidate vaccine for prevention of EBOV disease is warranted.

Variations in the protective immune response against streptococcal superantigens in populations of different ethnicity

2005 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily P. H. Yang ◽  
Björn K. G. Eriksson ◽  
Zinta Harrington ◽  
Nigel Curtis ◽  
Selwyn Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Immune Response

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou ◽  
Kimon Moschandreou ◽  
Aikaterina Paraskevopoulou ◽  
Christophoros Christophoridis ◽  
Elpida Grigoriadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Almost All

Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure.

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