scholarly journals Gata4 Is Essential for the Maintenance of Jejunal-Ileal Identities in the Adult Mouse Small Intestine

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 9060-9070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjalling Bosse ◽  
Christina M. Piaseckyj ◽  
Ellen Burghard ◽  
John J. Fialkovich ◽  
Satish Rajagopal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Old Mice

ABSTRACTGata4, a member of the zinc finger family of GATA transcription factors, is highly expressed in duodenum and jejunum but is nearly undetectable in distal ileum of adult mice. We show here that the caudal reduction of Gata4 is conserved in humans. To test the hypothesis that the regional expression of Gata4 is critical for the maintenance of jejunal-ileal homeostasis in the adult small intestine in vivo, we established an inducible, intestine-specific model that results in the synthesis of a transcriptionally inactiveGata4mutant. Synthesis of mutant Gata4 in jejuna of 6- to 8-week-old mice resulted in an attenuation of absorptive enterocyte genes normally expressed in jejunum but not in ileum, including those for the anticipated targets liver fatty acid binding protein (Fabp1) and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), and a surprising induction of genes normally silent in jejunum but highly expressed in ileum, specifically those involved in bile acid transport. Inactivation ofGata4resulted in an increase in the goblet cell population and a redistribution of the enteroendocrine subpopulations, all toward an ileal phenotype. The gene encoding Math1, a known activator of the secretory cell fate, was induced ∼75% (P< 0.05). Gata4 is thus an important positional signal required for the maintenance of jejunal-ileal identities in the adult mouse small intestine.

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF THEILER'S ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS (GDVII STRAIN) OF MICE BY AN INTESTINAL MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mandel ◽  
Efraim Racker
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Theiler's Virus ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Mouse Intestine

A mucopolysaccharide has been obtained from intestinal tissue of adult mice which inhibits both infectivity and hemagglutination of Theiler's GDVII strain of encephalomyelitis virus of mice. The inhibitor is inactive against the FA and TO strains of Theiler's virus and against the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus. In the adult mouse, large amounts of the inhibitor are found only in the small intestine. The small intestine of infant mice, however, contains a considerably smaller amount of inhibitor. Inhibition, both in vivo and in vitro, appears to be the result of an interaction between virus and inhibitor. The intestines of man, monkey, rabbit, rat, cotton rat, hamster, sheep, cow, and pig contain relatively little inhibitor whereas guinea pig intestine contains as much as adult mouse intestine. An enzyme was found in the feces of mice, and several other animals, which is capable of destroying the inhibitory activity of the mucopolysaccharide with the liberation of reducing sugars.

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Enteric Neurogenesis in the Deep Tissue of Mouse Small Intestine

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e54814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Goto ◽  
Go Kato ◽  
Isao Kawahara ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Koji Obata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine

scholarly journals AGE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO COXSACKIE A VIRUSES

1962 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martin Lerner ◽  
Howard S. Levin ◽  
Maxwell Finland
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Old Mice

Mice varying in age from 1 day to 8 months were inoculated intraperitoneally with Coxsackie A virus, type 9 and studies were made of the quantity of virus in striated muscle and myocardium, the presence of neutralizing antibody in the serum, and the pathological changes in the tissues. The hind limbs of young (1- to 20-day-old) mice yielded high titers of virus and showed diffuse myositis, whereas only low yields of virus and focal myositis were obtained in older mice. In the 20-day-old mice the skeletal lesions were not accompanied by manifest symptoms and histologically showed evidence of regeneration progressing from the 3rd to the 11th day after inoculation. Older mice showed no symptoms and only focal myositis and low yields of virus were found in their hind limbs. Coxsackie A9 virus replicated to relatively low titers in the hearts of young (1- to 40-day-old) mice without producing any demonstrable lesions whereas frank myocarditis with high yields of virus were demonstrated in mice infected at 8 months of age. The data suggest that at least for the 2 strains used, the adult mouse should be considered susceptible to subclinical infection with Coxsackie A9 virus. Neither subclinical infection, nor antibody formation was demonstrable in young adult mice inoculated with a strain of Coxsackie A4 virus.

scholarly journals Old Mice Have Less Transcriptional Activation But Similar Periosteal Cell Proliferation Compared to Young‐Adult Mice in Response to in vivo Mechanical Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1751-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Chermside‐Scabbo ◽  
Taylor L Harris ◽  
Michael D Brodt ◽  
Ingrid Braenne ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Periosteal Cell ◽  
Old Mice

Development of enteropeptidase activity in mouse small intestine: influence of hormones

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Arsenault ◽  
Daniel Ménard
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Old Mice

The postnatal development of enteropeptidase activity has been examined on mucosal scrapping of the proximal part of the mouse small intestine. The activity was present at birth and remained low during the first 15 days of life. Then it rapidly increased reaching adult level within 2 days. Daily administration of cortisone acetate (25 μg∙g body weight (bw)−1∙day−1), insulin (12.5 mU∙g bw−1∙day−1), or epidermal growth factor (4 μg∙g bw−1∙day−1) during 3 days to 8-day-old mice induced a premature increase of enteropeptidase. The maximal increase was observed with cortisone treatment, the enzymic activity representing 70% of the adult level. Thyroxine alone (1 μg∙g bw−1∙day−1) had no significant effect on enteropeptidase activity. Hormonal interactions have been evaluated by studying the effects of different hormonal combinations. Finally, cortisone acetate which has a major effect on this activity during suckling period was unable to influence adult small intestinal enteropeptidase activity.

scholarly journals Conditional genetic deletion of Ano1 in interstitial cells of Cajal impairs Ca2+ transients and slow waves in adult mouse small intestine

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (3) ◽  
pp. G228-G245 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Malysz ◽  
Simon J. Gibbons ◽  
Siva A. Saravanaperumal ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Seth T. Eisenman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Myenteric plexus interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY) in the small intestine are Kit+ electrical pacemakers that express the Ano1/TMEM16A Ca2+-activated Cl– channel, whose functions in the gastrointestinal tract remain incompletely understood. In this study, an inducible Cre-LoxP-based approach was used to advance the understanding of Ano1 in ICC-MY of adult mouse small intestine. KitCreERT2/+;Ano1Fl/Fl mice were treated with tamoxifen or vehicle, and small intestines (mucosa free) were examined. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated ~50% reduction in Ano1 mRNA in intestines of conditional knockouts (cKOs) compared with vehicle-treated controls. Whole mount immunohistochemistry showed a mosaic/patchy pattern loss of Ano1 protein in ICC networks. Ca2+ transients in ICC-MY network of cKOs displayed reduced duration compared with highly synchronized controls and showed synchronized and desynchronized profiles. When matched, the rank order for Ano1 expression in Ca2+ signal imaged fields of view was as follows: vehicle controls>>>cKO(synchronized)>cKO(desynchronized). Maintenance of Ca2+ transients’ synchronicity despite high loss of Ano1 indicates a large functional reserve of Ano1 in the ICC-MY network. Slow waves in cKOs displayed reduced duration and increased inter-slow-wave interval and occurred in regular- and irregular-amplitude oscillating patterns. The latter activity suggested ongoing interaction by independent interacting oscillators. Lack of slow waves and depolarization, previously reported for neonatal constitutive knockouts, were also seen. In summary, Ano1 in adults regulates gastrointestinal function by determining Ca2+ transients and electrical activity depending on the level of Ano1 expression. Partial Ano1 loss results in Ca2+ transients and slow waves displaying reduced duration, while complete and widespread absence of Ano1 in ICC-MY causes lack of slow wave and desynchronized Ca2+ transients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Ca2+-activated Cl− channel, Ano1, in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) is necessary for normal gastrointestinal motility. We knocked out Ano1 to varying degrees in ICC of adult mice. Partial knockout of Ano1 shortened the widths of electrical slow waves and Ca2+ transients in myenteric ICC but Ca2+ transient synchronicity was preserved. Near-complete knockout was necessary for transient desynchronization and loss of slow waves, indicating a large functional reserve of Ano1 in ICC. View this article's corresponding video summary at https://youtu.be/cyPtDP0KLY4 .

Imatinib Blocks Spontaneous Mechanical Activities in the Adult Mouse Small Intestine: Possible Inhibition of c-Kit Signaling

Pharmacology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Shimojima ◽  
Toshio Nakaki ◽  
Yasuhide Morikawa ◽  
Ken Hoshino ◽  
Masaki Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine
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