Genomics of the Uncultivated, Periodontitis-Associated BacteriumTannerellasp. BU045 (Oral Taxon 808)
ABSTRACTDespite decades of research into the human oral microbiome, many species remain uncultivated. The technique of single-cell whole-genome amplification and sequencing provides a means of deriving genome sequences for species that can be informative on biological function and suggest pathways to cultivation.Tannerella forsythiahas long been known to be highly associated with chronic periodontitis and to cause periodontitis-like symptoms in experimental animals, andTannerellasp. BU045 (human oral taxon 808) is an uncultivated relative of this organism. In this work, we extend our previous sequencing of theTannerellasp. BU063 (human oral taxon 286) genome by sequencing amplified genomes from 11 cells ofTannerellasp. BU045, including 3 genomes that are at least 90% complete.Tannerellasp. BU045 is more closely related toTannerellasp. BU063 than toT. forsythiaby gene content and average nucleotide identity. However, two independent data sets of association with periodontitis, one based on 16S rRNA gene abundance and the other based on gene expression in a metatranscriptomic data set, show thatTannerellasp. BU045 is more highly associated with disease thanTannerellasp. BU063. Comparative genomics shows genes and functions that are shared or unique to the different species, which may direct further research of the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.IMPORTANCEPeriodontitis (gum disease) affects 47% of adults over 30 in the United States (P. I. Eke, B. A. Dye, L. Wei, G. O. Thornton-Evans, R. J. Genco, et al., J Dent Res 91:914–920, 2012), and it cost between $39 and $396 billion worldwide in 2015 (A. J. Righolt, M. Jevdjevic, W. Marcenes, and S. Listl, J Dent Res, 17 January 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517750572). Many bacteria associated with the disease are known only by the DNA sequence of their 16S rRNA gene. In this publication, amplification and sequencing of DNA from single bacterial cells are used to obtain nearly complete genomes ofTannerellasp. BU045, a species of bacteria that is more prevalent in patients with periodontitis than in healthy patients. Comparing the complete genome of this bacterium to genomes of related bacterial species will help to better understand periodontitis and may help to grow this organism in pure culture, which would allow a better understanding of its role in the mouth.