scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Vanadium-Dependent Haloperoxidase Enzymology in Microbial Secondary Metabolism and Chemical Ecology

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson T. Baumgartner ◽  
Shaun M. K. McKinnie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Biosynthetic Machinery

The chemical diversity of natural products is established by an elegant network of biosynthetic machinery and controlled by a suite of intracellular and environmental cues. Advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics have provided useful insight to understand how organisms respond to abiotic and biotic factors to adjust their chemical output; this has permitted researchers to begin asking bigger-picture questions regarding the ecological significance of these molecules to the producing organism and its community.

scholarly journals Effects of Dysbiosis and Dietary Manipulation on the Digestive Microbiota of a Detritivorous Arthropod

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Marius Bredon ◽  
Elisabeth Depuydt ◽  
Lucas Brisson ◽  
Laurent Moulin ◽  
Ciriac Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Over Time

The crucial role of microbes in the evolution, development, health, and ecological interactions of multicellular organisms is now widely recognized in the holobiont concept. However, the structure and stability of microbiota are highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors, especially in the gut, which can be colonized by transient bacteria depending on the host’s diet. We studied these impacts by manipulating the digestive microbiota of the detritivore Armadillidium vulgare and analyzing the consequences on its structure and function. Hosts were exposed to initial starvation and then were fed diets that varied the different components of lignocellulose. A total of 72 digestive microbiota were analyzed according to the type of the diet (standard or enriched in cellulose, lignin, or hemicellulose) and the period following dysbiosis. The results showed that microbiota from the hepatopancreas were very stable and resilient, while the most diverse and labile over time were found in the hindgut. Dysbiosis and selective diets may have affected the host fitness by altering the structure of the microbiota and its predicted functions. Overall, these modifications can therefore have effects not only on the holobiont, but also on the “eco-holobiont” conceptualization of macroorganisms.

scholarly journals Biogeomorphic feedbacks and the ecosystem engineering of recently deglaciated terrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R Miller ◽  
Stuart N Lane
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Engineering ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Matthews’ 1992 geoecological model of vegetation succession within glacial forefields describes how following deglaciation the landscape evolves over time as the result of both biotic and abiotic factors, with the importance of each depending on the level of environmental stress within the system. We focus in this paper on how new understandings of abiotic factors and the potential for biogeomorphic feedbacks between abiotic and biotic factors makes further development of this model important. Disturbance and water dynamics are two abiotic factors that have been shown to create stress gradients that can drive early ecosystem succession. The subsequent establishment of microbial communities and vegetation can then result in biogeomorphic feedbacks via ecosystem engineering that influence the role of disturbance and water dynamics within the system. Microbes can act as ecosystem engineers by supplying nutrients (via remineralization of organic matter and nitrogen fixation), enhancing soil development, either decreasing (encouraging weathering) or increasing (binding sediment grains) geomorphic stability, and helping retain soil moisture. Vegetation can act as an ecosystem engineer by fixing nitrogen, enhancing soil development, modifying microbial community structure, creating seed banks, and increasing geomorphic stability. The feedbacks between vegetation and water dynamics in glacial forefields are still poorly studied. We propose a synthesized model of ecosystem succession within glacial forefields that combines Matthews’ initial geoecological model and Corenblit's model to illustrate how gradients in environmental stress combined with successional time drive the balance between abiotic and biotic factors and ultimately determine the successional stage and potential for biogeomorphic feedbacks.

Dihydroresveratrol Type Dihydrostilbenoids: Chemical Diversity, Chemosystematics, and Bioactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1194-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Vitalini ◽  
Serhat S. Cicek ◽  
Sebastian Granica ◽  
Christian Zidorn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Background: Dihydrostilbenoids, a diverse class of natural products differing from stilbenoids by the missing double bond in the ethylene chain linking the aromatic moieties, have been reported from fungi, mosses, ferns, and flowering plants. Objective: Occurrence, structure, and bioactivity of naturally occurring dihydroresveratrol type dihydrostilbenoids are discussed in this review. Method: A Reaxys database search for dihydroresveratrol derivatives with possible substitutions on all atoms, but excluding non-natural products and compounds featuring additional rings involving the ethyl connecting chain, was performed. Results: Structures include simple dihydroresveratrol derivatives, compounds substituted with complex side chains composed of acyl moieties and sugars, and compounds containing polycyclic cores attached to dihydrostilbenoid units. Dihydrostilbenoids have a wide spectrum of bioactivities ranging from expectable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to interesting neuroprotective and anticancer activity. The anticancer activity in particular is very pronounced for some plant-derived dihydrostilbenoids and makes them interesting lead compounds for drug development. Apart from some reports on dihydroresveratrol derivatives as phytoalexins against plant-pathogenic fungi, only very limited information is available on the ecological role of these compounds for the organisms producing them. Conclusion: Dihydrostilbenoids are a class of natural products possessing significant biological activities; their scattered but not ubiquitous occurrence throughout the kingdoms of plants and fungi is not easily explained. We are convinced that future studies will identify new sources of dihydrostilbenoids, and we hope that the present review will inspire such studies and will help in directing such efforts to suitable source organisms and towards promising bioactivities.

Testing sustained soil-to-soil contact as an approach for limiting the abiotic influence of source soils during experimental microbiome transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan V Trexler ◽  
Terrence H Bell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Soil Transfer ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

ABSTRACT Experimental separation of the biotic and abiotic components of soil will help in understanding the role of taxonomy and composition in soil microbiome function. The most common approach to soil microbiome transfer involves direct dilution of a non-sterile source soil into sterile recipient soils, introducing both microorganisms and soil compounds, leaving abiotic and biotic factors confounded. Here, we contrast microbiome transfer into sterile recipient soils through (i) direct soil transfer at two dilutions and (ii) a new approach, sustained contact between source and recipient soils. Sustained soil-to-soil contact retains separation between source and recipient soils, allows for multiple colonization events and increases confidence that microorganisms observed in recipient soils are active and growing. Each approach produced distinct microbiomes in recipient soils after 1 and 6 weeks of incubation, indicating that transfer method impacts microbial composition. The extent to which recipient microbiomes resembled source microbiomes varied by soil type, although in general, direct soil transfer appeared to most closely approximate source microbiomes. However, irrespective of transfer method, most bacterial sequences in recipient soils were from organisms transferred through all methods. We discuss the merits of each method for controlled soil microbiome studies.

The role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining coexistence of multiple pollinators in the yucca-yucca moth mutualism

Ecography ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive T. Darwell ◽  
Kari A. Segraves ◽  
David M. Althoff
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

The role of abiotic and biotic factors in functional structure and processes of alpine subshrub communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Illa ◽  
Josep M. Ninot ◽  
Alba Anadon-Rosell ◽  
Francesc Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Functional Structure ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

scholarly journals Natural Products in Cancer Therapy: Past, Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Jin-Jian Lu ◽  
Jian Ding
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Therapeutic Utility

AbstractNatural products, with remarkable chemical diversity, have been extensively investigated for their anticancer potential for more than a half-century. The collective efforts of the community have achieved the tremendous advancements, bringing natural products to clinical use and discovering new therapeutic opportunities, yet the challenges remain ahead. With remarkable changes in the landscape of cancer therapy and growing role of cutting-edge technologies, we may have come to a crossroads to revisit the strategies to understand nature products and to explore their therapeutic utility. This review summarizes the key advancements in nature product-centered cancer research and calls for the implementation of systematic approaches, new pharmacological models, and exploration of emerging directions to revitalize natural products search in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Dingoes dining with death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Spencer ◽  
Thomas Newsome
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Remote Cameras ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Carcass Persistence ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Dingoes (Canis dingo) are known for hunting and killing animals to meet their energetic requirements, but like almost all predators they also scavenge animal remains. To improve our understanding of dingo scavenging ecology, we investigated the role of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping carcass utilisation by dingoes and further determined whether dingo scavenging influenced carcass persistence in the landscape. To do so, we monitored visitation and scavenging by dingoes using remote cameras positioned on 119 kangaroo carcasses in open and closed canopy habitats and in warm and cool seasons. The carcasses were monitored across multiple study sites, which incorporated forest, alpine and desert ecoregions in Australia. We found that season played an important role in shaping carcass utilisation by dingoes, as well as carcass persistence. Warmer seasons increased the rate of carcass discovery 6.3-fold in the Forest study site and 4.8-fold in the Alpine study site, and also increased the time dingoes spent feeding on carcasses in the Alpine study site. Further, across all study sites, carcasses persisted at least 4.7 times longer in cool compared with warm seasons. On the other hand, carcass utilisation by dingoes was not influenced by habitat, although carcasses were more likely to persist in open compared with closed canopy habitats in the Alpine study site. Finally, our study showed that dingo scavenging may contribute to substantial carcass removal in certain contexts. Indeed, decreased carcass persistence in the Forest study site was evident in the cool season, when dingo scavenging occurred during the first two weeks of monitoring. The variability in results highlights the complexity of patterns in dingo scavenging and, more broadly, of vertebrate scavenging. It emphasises the need to consider multiple abiotic and biotic factors to properly understand the functional roles of different scavenger species. Longer-term studies with additional seasonal replicates may also yield a more detailed picture of the role of dingoes as apex scavengers.

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