scholarly journals Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Morinaga ◽  
Hideki Tani ◽  
Yasushi Terasaki ◽  
Satoshi Nomura ◽  
Hitoshi Kawasuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Domain Antibody

This study provides a diagnostic evidence of test validity, which can lead to vaccine efficacy and proof of recovery after COVID-19. It is not easy to know neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical laboratory because of technical and biohazard issues.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody using a HiBiT-Based Bioreporter

10.3791/62488 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rezaei ◽  
Abera Surendran ◽  
Ragunath Singaravelu ◽  
Taylor R. Jamieson ◽  
Parisa Taklifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Domain Antibody

scholarly journals Correlation of the commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain antibody test with the chemiluminescent reduction neutralizing test and possible detection of antibodies to emerging variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Morinaga ◽  
Hideki Tani ◽  
Yasushi Terasaki ◽  
Satoshi Nomura ◽  
Hitoshi Kawasuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Convalescent Phase

Background Serological tests are beneficial for recognizing the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. To identify protective immunity, optimization of the chemiluminescent reduction neutralizing test (CRNT), using pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2, is critical. Whether commercial antibody tests are comparably accurate is unknown. Methods Serum samples collected before variants were locally found were obtained from confirmed COVID-19 patients (n = 74), confirmed non-COVID-19 individuals (n = 179), and unscreened individuals (suspected healthy individuals, n = 229). The convalescent phase was defined as the period after day 10 from disease onset. The CRNT against pseudotyped viruses displaying the wild-type spike protein and a commercially available anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody test were assayed. The CRNT was also assayed, using South African (SA) and United Kingdom (UK)-derived variants. Results The CRNT (cut off value, 50% inhibition) and the anti-RBD antibody test (cut off value, 0.8 U/mL) concurred regarding symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the convalescent phase and clearly differentiated between patients and suspected healthy individuals (sensitivity; 95.8% and 100%, specificity; 99.1% and 100%, respectively). Anti-RBD antibody test results correlated with neutralizing titer (r = 0.47, 95% CI 0.20-0.68). Compared with the wild-type, CRNT reduction was observed for the SA and UK-derived variants. Of the samples with ≥100 U/mL by the anti-RBD antibody test, 77.8% and 88.9% showed ≥50% neutralization against the UK and the SA variants, respectively. Conclusion The CRNT and commercial anti-RBD antibody test effectively classified convalescent COVID-19 patients. The strong positive results using the commercial antibody test can reflect neutralizing activity against emerging variants.

scholarly journals Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Cho ◽  
Frauke Muecksch ◽  
Dennis Schaefer-Babajew ◽  
Zijun Wang ◽  
Shlomo Finkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Domain Antibody

scholarly journals Antibody responses to BNT162b2 vaccination in Japan: Monitoring vaccine efficacy by measuring IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetsugu Fujigaki ◽  
Yasuko Yamamoto ◽  
Takenao Koseki ◽  
Sumi Banno ◽  
Tatsuya Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
Antibody Levels

BACKGROUND: To fight severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mass vaccination has begun in many countries. To investigate the usefulness of a serological assay to predict vaccine efficacy, we analyzed the levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in the sera from BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals in Japan. METHODS: This study included 219 individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2. The levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA against RBD were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the first and second vaccination, respectively. The relationship between antibody levels and several factors including age, gender, and hypertension were analyzed. Virus-neutralizing activity in sera was measured to determine the correlation with the levels of antibodies. A chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) method to measure IgG against RBD was developed and validated for the clinical setting. RESULTS: The levels of all antibody isotypes were increased after vaccination. Among them, RBD-IgG was dramatically increased after the second vaccination. The IgG levels in females were significantly higher than in males. There was a negative correlation between age and IgG levels in males. The IgG levels significantly correlated with the neutralizing activity. The CLEIA assay measuring IgG against RBD showed a reliable performance and a high correlation with neutralizing activity. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring of IgG against RBD is a powerful tool to predict the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and provides useful information in considering a personalized vaccination strategy for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Structural and energetic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain antibody recognition and the impact of circulating variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009380
Author(s):  
Rui Yin ◽  
Johnathan D. Guest ◽  
Ghazaleh Taherzadeh ◽  
Ragul Gowthaman ◽  
Ipsa Mittra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Domain Antibody ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Binding Determinants

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights the need for a detailed molecular understanding of protective antibody responses. This is underscored by the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2), some of which appear to be less effectively targeted by current monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Here we report a high resolution and comprehensive map of antibody recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD), which is the target of most neutralizing antibodies, using computational structural analysis. With a dataset of nonredundant experimentally determined antibody-RBD structures, we classified antibodies by RBD residue binding determinants using unsupervised clustering. We also identified the energetic and conservation features of epitope residues and assessed the capacity of viral variant mutations to disrupt antibody recognition, revealing sets of antibodies predicted to effectively target recently described viral variants. This detailed structure-based reference of antibody RBD recognition signatures can inform therapeutic and vaccine design strategies.

scholarly journals Serial SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody Responses in Patients Receiving Dialysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchi Anand ◽  
Maria E. Montez-Rath ◽  
Jialin Han ◽  
Pablo Garcia ◽  
LinaCel Cadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Domain Antibody

scholarly journals Predictions of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain Structure and Neutralizing Antibody Interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby T. Ford ◽  
Denis Jacob Machado ◽  
Daniel A. Janies
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Antibody Interactions

The genome of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was released on November 22, 2021, which has caused a flurry of media attention due the large number of mutations it contains. These raw data have spurred questions around vaccine efficacy. Given that neither the structural information nor the experimentally-derived antibody interaction of this variant are available, we have turned to predictive computational methods to model the mutated structure of the spike protein’s receptor binding domain and posit potential changes to vaccine efficacy. In this study, we predict some structural changes in the receptor-binding domain that may reduce antibody interaction, but no drastic changes that would completely evade existing neutralizing antibodies (and therefore current vaccines).

scholarly journals Emergence of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Escape Variants in an Immunocompromised Host Undergoing Convalescent Plasma Treatment

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Michael C. Zody ◽  
Clara Di Germanio ◽  
Rachel Martinelli ◽  
Jose R. Mediavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
The World

Over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages have arisen in multiple geographic areas around the world. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), i.e., B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), and B.1.617.2 (delta), harboring mutations and/or deletions in spike protein N-terminal domain (NTD) or receptor-binding domain (RBD) regions showed evidence of increased transmissibility and disease severity and possible reduced vaccine efficacy.

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