scholarly journals Host Bias in Diet-Source Microbiome Transmission in Wild Cohabitating Herbivores: New Knowledge for the Evolution of Herbivory and Plant Defense

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhu ◽  
Yongyong Zhang ◽  
Xinyuan Cui ◽  
Yudong Zhu ◽  
Qinlong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Plant Source ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Diet Source ◽  
Dietary Origin

We discovered a host bias among cohabitating herbivores (leaf-eating insects and deer), where a significant portion of the herbivorous insect gut microbiome may originate from the diet, while in deer, only a tiny fraction of the gut microbiome is of dietary origin. We speculated that the putative difference in the oxygenation level in the host digestion systems would lead to these host biases in plant-source (diet) microbiome transmission due to the oxygenation living condition of the dietary plant's symbiotic microbiome.

scholarly journals The phyllosphere microbiome of host trees contributes more than leaf phytochemicals to variation in the Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire gut microbiome structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mogouong ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Pierre Legendre ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

AbstractThe microbiome composition of living organisms is closely linked to essential functions determining the fitness of the host for thriving and adapting to a particular ecosystem. Although multiple factors, including the developmental stage, the diet, and host-microbe coevolution have been reported to drive compositional changes in the microbiome structures, very few attempts have been made to disentangle their various contributions in a global approach. Here, we focus on the emerald ash borer (EAB), an herbivorous pest and a real threat to North American ash tree species, to explore the responses of the adult EAB gut microbiome to ash leaf properties, and to identify potential predictors of EAB microbial variations. The relative contributions of specific host plant properties, namely bacterial and fungal communities on leaves, phytochemical composition, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling sites, to the EAB gut microbial community was examined by canonical analyses. The composition of the phyllosphere microbiome appeared to be a strong predictor of the microbial community structure in EAB guts, explaining 53 and 48% of the variation in fungi and bacteria, respectively. This study suggests a potential covariation of the microorganisms associated with food sources and the insect gut microbiome.

scholarly journals A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meret Huber ◽  
Thomas Roder ◽  
Sandra Irmisch ◽  
Alexander Riedel ◽  
Saskia Gablenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Root Herbivore ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense metabolites and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence herbivore behavior and feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We demonstrate that TA-G is rapidly deglycosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha β-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglycosylation. Using plants and insect RNA interference, we show that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense metabolite. Our work illustrates the multifacteted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions.

scholarly journals Insect gut microbiome – An unexploited reserve for biotechnological application

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. S16-S21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukalingan Krishnan ◽  
Chinnapandi Bharathiraja ◽  
Jeyaraj Pandiarajan ◽  
Vimalanathan Arun Prasanna ◽  
Jeyaprakash Rajendhran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Biotechnological Application ◽  
Insect Gut

scholarly journals Destabilization of The Bacterial Interactome Tracks Nutrient Restriction-Induced Dysbiosis in Insect Gut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Marasco ◽  
Marco Fusi ◽  
Matteo Callegari ◽  
Costanza Juker ◽  
Francesca Mapelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Insect Gut

Abstract Background. Stress affects host growth and development and can induce changes in the gut microbiome, commonly defined as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been proposed to affect community beta-diversity and within-beta-diversity (community dispersion). As abiotic and biotic stresses, nutrient restriction (NR) also impairs host fitness and results in dysbiosis. However, NR does not introduce overt negative effectors or selectors, such as toxic compounds, pathogens, or parasites, resulting in its role as a determinant of beta-diversity changes being questioned. We hypothesize that following NR, gut dysbiosis is reflected via changes in networking properties of the microbiome rather than via variation in its beta-diversity and/or dispersion. To test our hypothesis, we fed the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, a nutritionally versatile polyphagous insect, with two NR diets and a control full-nutrient (FN) diet. Then, we assessed the effects of NR on insect growth and development and gut physicochemical conditions to validate the presence of dysbiosis. In addition, we analyzed the bacterial diversity associated with larvae, pupae, and adults via 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the role of NR on the composition, structure, and stability of the bacterial communities.Results. NR strongly affected insect growth and development, inducing significant changes in the physiochemical conditions of the larval gut. Further, diet-dependent differences in bacterial composition—expected in holometabolous/polyphagous insects—were observed, with enrichment in diet-specific keystone bacterial taxa (Bacilli in FN-fed individuals and Clostridia and Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria in NR-fed individuals), and greater microbiome dispersion in adults but not in larvae and pupae.Conclusions. While NR establishes alternative stable configurations of the gut microbiome compared with normally fed gut, NR-driven dysbiotic growth performance is considerably reflected in rarefied, less structured, and connected bacterial interactomes than in within beta-diversity changes.

Insect gut microbiome and its applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-395
Author(s):  
Sathya Narayanan Govindarajulu ◽  
Krishnapriya M. Varier ◽  
Dheepthi Jayamurali ◽  
Wuling Liu ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Insect Gut

scholarly journals Impact of Sample Preservation and Manipulation on Insect Gut Microbiome Profiling. A Test Case With Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten De Cock ◽  
Massimiliano Virgilio ◽  
Peter Vandamme ◽  
Antonios Augustinos ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Microbiome Profiling

scholarly journals Seasonal shifts in the insect gut microbiome are concurrent with changes in cold tolerance and immunity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2357-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura V. Ferguson ◽  
Pranav Dhakal ◽  
Jacqueline E. Lebenzon ◽  
David E. Heinrichs ◽  
Carol Bucking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Seasonal Shifts

scholarly journals Intestinal bacteria modulate the foraging behavior of the Oriental fruit flyBactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazarin Akami ◽  
Awawing A. Andongma ◽  
Chen Zhengzhong ◽  
Jiang Nan ◽  
Kanjana Khaeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Insect Gut

AbstractThe gut microbiome of insects directly or indirectly affects the metabolism, immune status, sensory perception and feeding behavior of its host. Here, we examine the hypothesis that in the Oriental fruit fly(Bactrocera dorsalis, Diptera: Tephritidae), the presence or absence of gut symbionts affects foraging behavior and nutrient ingestion. We offered protein starved flies, symbiotic or aposymbiotic, a choice between diets containing all amino acids or only the non-essential ones. The different diets were presented in a foraging arena as drops that varied in their size and density, creating an imbalanced foraging environment. Suppressing the microbiome resulted in significant changes of the foraging behavior of both male and female flies. Aposymbiotic flies responded faster to the diets offered in experimental arenas, spent more time feeding, ingested more drops of food, and were constrained to feed on time consuming patches (containing small drops of food), when these offered the full complement of amino acids. We discuss these results in the context of previous studies on the effect of the gut microbiome on host behavior, and suggest that these be extended to the life history dimension.Importance and significance of the studyThe gut bacteria of tephritid fruit flies provide nutritional benefits to their hosts, by making essential amino-acids readily available. Foraging for food is risky, as active flies are exposed to predators and incur a considerable investment of time and energy. Therefore, making beneficial compromises between the feeding time and nutrient ingestion is a question of survival for the flies. Our study demonstrates how gut bacteria drive this behavior by allowing symbiotic flies to forage optimally while acquiring essential nutrients. This finding adds a novel step to the nexus connecting the insect gut, its microbiome, the nervous system, chemoreception to individual patterns of foraging.

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