On the Possible Presence of Oxygen in the Upper Sediment Layer of the Hydrogen Sulfide Zone in the Black Sea

Oceanology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Stunzhas ◽  
M. B. Gulin ◽  
A. G. Zatsepin ◽  
E. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sediment Layer

scholarly journals On the possible presence of oxygen in the upper sediment layer of the hydrogen sulfide zone in the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
P. A. Stunzhas ◽  
M. B. Gulin ◽  
A. G. Zatsepin ◽  
E. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Bottom Water Layer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

In the northeastern Black Sea the search was performed for living eukaryotic organisms (micro- and meiobenthos) in hypoxic and anoxic conditions as well as measurement of O2 in the bottom water layer and in the upper layer of sediments. The results have shown the presence of a deep maximum abundance of zoobenthos in a depth range of 215–244 m. This aggregation of benthic fauna occupies a layer of 30 m along the vertical. In general, the proportion of active meiobenthos was no greater than 1.5% of the total number of organisms recorded from the sample.The presence of aerobic benthos near the upper boundary of the H2S zone can be explained by: sliding down of sediments from a higher depth; quasi-periodic O2 supply due to fluctuations in the position of the isopycna and/or sinking of waters downslope in the bottom Ekman layer. Also, in the case of physical entry of oxygen into the bottom layer, it can remain for a relatively long time in the upper part of the H2S zone due to the lack of deep Mn+2 flux and reaction with it.

scholarly journals ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЕНЕРГОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ УСТАНОВКИ ЩОДО ВИДОБУВАННЯ СІРКОВОДНЮ З ГЛИБИН ЧОРНОГО МОРЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Михайло Романович Ткач ◽  
Борис Георгійович Тимошевський ◽  
Аркадій Юрійович Проскурін ◽  
Юрій Миколайович Галинкін
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

The article discusses a promising energy-technology unit for the extraction of hydrogen sulfide from the deep waters of the Black Sea, which provides for raising the gas-liquid mixture from the depths by the gas-lift method using wave pulses to separate hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous state. The installation includes a supply line, which is lowered to the required depth, a supply pump, a coalescing separator, a seawater discharge line with a reduced concentration of hydrogen sulfide, a control valve, a hydrodynamic generator of mechanical vibrations, a lifting pipeline, a high pressure hydrogen sulfide separator, a hydraulic turbine, a low pressure hydrogen sulfide separator, seawater discharge pipe and hydrogen sulfide expander. This unit will improve the energy efficiency and operational reliability of the process of hydrogen sulfide production, as well as reduce the burden on the Black Sea environment. A mathematical model of this setup has been developed. The results obtained by the mathematical model adequately coincide with the known experimental ones. This suggests that it is possible to use the model to determine the parameters of the process for the extraction of hydrogen sulfide from the Black Sea. The parameters of the process for the extraction of hydrogen sulfide from the Black Sea in the depth range of the pipeline 0...1000 m at a temperature of 280...285 K. It has been established that increasing the gas content of seawater from 0 to 2.5 m3/m3 leads to a decrease in the pressure value by 2.2 MPa. A further increase in seawater gas content from 2.5 to 5.0 m3/m3 is accompanied by a decrease in pressure of another 1.6 MPa. Such a significant decrease in pressure at the inlet to the riser piping allows hydrogen sulfide and seawater to be obtained at a pressure that is substantially greater than atmospheric. The excess pressure at the outlet of the lifting pipeline is determined based on data obtained by the method of "equivalent length". When the seawater gas content is 2.5 m3/m3, the pipeline’s immersion depth is 250...1000 m, the value of the overpressure of substances at the exit of the lifting pipeline will be 0.2...0.45 MPa, and at 5 m3/m3 – 0.67...1.07 MPa, at 7.5 m3/m3 – 0.83...1.4 MPa and at 10 m3/m3 – 0.97...1.68 MPa.

The Role of Hydrogen in the Black Sea for the Future Energy Supply Security of Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Serhat Yüksel ◽  
Alexey Mikhaylov ◽  
Gözde Gülseven Ubay ◽  
Daniel Dooyum Uyeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Sulfide Deposits ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Supply Security

In this study, the importance of hydrogen sulfide resources in the Black Sea region for future energy supply security has been analyzed. In this context, Turkey has been the scope of review. Through the world's largest hydrogen sulfide deposits in the Black Sea region with which hydrogen can be used effectively in the production of this resource, Turkey will be able to meet the annual energy needs face. This will provide benefits to many aspects of Turkey's economic development. Turkey's current account deficit, which would import energy problem, can also be reduced. This situation will contribute to reducing the fragilities in the country's economy. In this respect, Turkey should give priorities for the hydrogen sulphide reserves in the Black Sea. In this framework, detailed studies should be conducted on the conditions of the region.

scholarly journals Poisonous Effects of Asteroid Impacts or Nuclear Explosions in the Western Regions of the Black Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Badescu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Cloud Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of an asteroid or a very large nuclear explosion in the Black Sea may cause a poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas release into the atmosphere. Some effects of this phenomenon on the western Black Sea coasts are evaluated in this paper. Two simple models are proposed to describe the generation of the H2S cloud. The wind speed plays an important role in H2S cloud dynamics. The land surface area covered by the H2S cloud generated by a 1000-m-sized asteroid during the run-in ranges between about 4480 and 9600 km2. This may affect up to 230 000 people. In the case of a 70-m-sized asteroid, the cloud covers between 70 and 210 km2 of land. This may affect between about 1600 and 5100 people. The evaluations do not include the population of the towns on the seashore and may be a few times underestimated for some particular wind directions. These effects are briefly compared with more usual effects associated with asteroids impacting the sea, such as shock waves and tsunamis. Nuclear explosions of 1 and 50 Mton TNT may be assimilated to the impact by asteroids of about 33- and 120-m diameter, respectively.

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