The Role of Hydrogen in the Black Sea for the Future Energy Supply Security of Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Serhat Yüksel ◽  
Alexey Mikhaylov ◽  
Gözde Gülseven Ubay ◽  
Daniel Dooyum Uyeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Sulfide Deposits ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Supply Security

In this study, the importance of hydrogen sulfide resources in the Black Sea region for future energy supply security has been analyzed. In this context, Turkey has been the scope of review. Through the world's largest hydrogen sulfide deposits in the Black Sea region with which hydrogen can be used effectively in the production of this resource, Turkey will be able to meet the annual energy needs face. This will provide benefits to many aspects of Turkey's economic development. Turkey's current account deficit, which would import energy problem, can also be reduced. This situation will contribute to reducing the fragilities in the country's economy. In this respect, Turkey should give priorities for the hydrogen sulphide reserves in the Black Sea. In this framework, detailed studies should be conducted on the conditions of the region.

Georgian Historians and the Ideological Confrontation Between East and West

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
George Gotsiridze
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
East And West

The work, on the one hand, highlights the mission of Europe, as an importer of knowledge, which has for centuries been the center of gravity for the whole world, and, on the other hand, the role of the Black Sea Region, as an important part of the Great Silk Road, which had also for a long time been promoting the process of rap-prochement and exchange of cultural values between East and West peoples, until it became the ‘inner lake’ of the Ottoman Empire, and today it reverts the function of rapproching and connecting civilizations. The article shows the importance of the Black Sea countries in maintaining overall European stability and in this context the role of historical science. On the backdrop of the ideological confrontation between Georgian historians being inside and outside the Iron Curtain, which began with the foundation of the Soviet Union, the research sheds light on the merit of the Georgian scholars-in-exile for both popularization of the Georgian culture and science in Eu-rope and for importing advanced (European) scientific knowledge to Georgia. Ex-change of knowledge in science and culture between the Black Sea region and Europe will enrich and complete each other through impact and each of them will have unique, inimitative features.

scholarly journals The Problem of Illegal Emigration of the Mennonites of the Black Sea Region in the 1920s-1930s (According to the Memoirs of the Families A. Herman and M. Reuter)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
O.Y. Redkinа ◽  
T.P. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Far East

The article discusses the causes of illegal emigration of the Mennonites from the Black Sea region, identifies the main routes and shows the role of Mennonite mutual aid in the implementation in the 1920s-1930s. Mennonite memoirs show that the main causes of emigration were repressions against the wealthy layers of the village, the anti-religious struggle that affected wide circles of Mennonites. Young Mennonites suffered from the inability to obtain a higher or secondary specialized education, while maintaining their religious beliefs; they were afraid to be arrested as members of the families of the anti-Soviet element. The main routes of illegal emigration passed through the western regions of Russia to the Baltic countries, to Poland and Germany; through Central Asia to China, through Transcaucasia to Turkey and Iran, through the Far East to China and further to the countries of North and South America, to Germany. The Far East was the most successful channel of illegal mass emigration in the region of Blagoveshchensk, where refugees were supported by local Mennonite communities, the Harbin Refugee Assistance Committee, Protestant missionaries, the German consulate in China, and co-religionists in the United States and Canada. Mutual assistance at the interpersonal level, as well as between relatives and communities in different regions, continued to play the role of an effective support mechanism, maintaining ties within the Mennonite community.

scholarly journals The seventh pandemic of cholera in Europe revisited by microbial genomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Elisabeth Njamkepo ◽  
Daniela Cristea ◽  
Anna Zhukova ◽  
Clifford G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract In 1970, the seventh pandemic of cholera (7 P) reached both Africa and Europe. Between 1970 and 2011, several European countries reported cholera outbreaks of a few to more than 2,000 cases. We report here a whole-genome analysis of 1,324 7 P V. cholerae El Tor (7 PET) isolates, including 172 from autochthonous sporadic or outbreak cholera cases occurring between 1970 and 2011 in Europe, providing insight into the spatial and temporal spread of this pathogen across Europe. In this work, we show that the 7 PET lineage was introduced at least eight times into two main regions: Eastern and Southern Europe. Greater recurrence of the disease was observed in Eastern Europe, where it persisted until 2011. It was introduced into this region from Southern Asia, often circulating regionally in the countries bordering the Black Sea, and in the Middle East before reaching Eastern Africa on several occasions. In Southern Europe, the disease was mostly seen in individual countries during the 1970s and was imported from North and West Africa, except in 1994, when cholera was imported into Albania and Italy from the Black Sea region. These results shed light on the geographic course of cholera during the seventh pandemic and highlight the role of humans in its global dissemination.

scholarly journals The Role of Community Pharmacy Pharmacists in the Use of Herbal Products: A Pilot Study in 3 Provinces of the Black Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Yeşim KAYA YAŞAR ◽  
Gülin RENDA ◽  
Büşra HÜSEYİNOĞLU ◽  
Okan AKYILDIZ ◽  
Gamze ÇAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Black Sea Region

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF "WASTENET PROJECT" ON THE ECOLOGY OF TURKEY AND GEORGIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Burak KIZILOZ ◽  
Ketevan KUPATADZE
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the project: “A Black Sea network promoting integrated natural Waste water treatment systems – WASTEnet,” which is dedicated to wastewater treatment systems. There is given a discussion of all types of Natural Treatment Systems, their specificity, chemical and biological processes which take place during their functioning. There is shown the impact of this Project and NTS on the example of ecology of Turkey and Georgia. The presented Project helps local and regional authorities and stakeholders to gain insight on the role of innovative and environmentally-friendly technologies, in improving the environment of the Black Sea region.

scholarly journals Black Sea Region in the Security Policy of Romania: Evaluation of Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
D. S. Ayvazyan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Black Sea Region

The paper is dedicated to the role of the Black Sea region in the security policy of Romania. Approaches, patterns and results of this area of the foreign policy of Romania are studied since the period after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The concepts and strategies of the national security and the strategies of national defense of Romania, adopted since 1994 are analysed. The key patterns and results of the security policy pursued by Romania in the Black Sea region are defined. The author concludes that this direction of Romania's policy is consistently based on the strategic partnership with the United States and solidarity with the approaches of the NATO and EU in the Black Sea region. The policy leads to the imbalance in the relations with the littoral states for which euro-atlanticism has not become an ideological basis for their foreign policy (Russia and Turkey). Amidst the absence of the search for a new model of relations with the littoral states, Romania's policy leads to the growth of the potential for confliction in the Black Sea region.

scholarly journals Regional higher education co-operation: a research proposal to compare the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea regions

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-224
Author(s):  
Stefan Ewert
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

While the Baltic Sea Region is considered to be a pioneer region in the development of regional integration and identity, the Black Sea Region is regarded to be a laggard in terms of regionali¬zation and region building. My paper summarizes the role of regional higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea regionalization process in theory and analyzes the empirical background of these assumptions. Yet, inasmuch an evaluation of the regions` status as a pioneer is possible only in a comparative perspective, I propose to compare the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea Region regarding their higher education networks systematically. My paper asks for the transferability of arguments in favor of a strong regional higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region since the 1990s to today’s situation of the Black Sea Region. It concludes with some fundamental considerations on a comparative research project.

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