Global Estimates of Changes in the Terrestrial Water Balance Components in the Context of Possible Climate Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-473
Author(s):  
O. N. Nasonova ◽  
E. M. Gusev ◽  
E. E. Kovalev ◽  
E. A. Shurkhno
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Global Estimates

scholarly journals A comprehensive filtering scheme for high-resolution estimation of the water balance components from high-precision lysimeters

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 3405-3418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hannes ◽  
U. Wollschläger ◽  
F. Schrader ◽  
W. Durner ◽  
S. Gebler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
External Forces

Abstract. Large weighing lysimeters are currently the most precise method to directly measure all components of the terrestrial water balance in parallel via the built-in weighing system. As lysimeters are exposed to several external forces such as management practices or wind influencing the weighing data, the calculated fluxes of precipitation and evapotranspiration can be altered considerably without having applied appropriate corrections to the raw data. Therefore, adequate filtering schemes for obtaining most accurate estimates of the water balance components are required. In this study, we use data from the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) SoilCan research site in Bad Lauchstädt to develop a comprehensive filtering procedure for high-precision lysimeter data, which is designed to deal with various kinds of possible errors starting from the elimination of large disturbances in the raw data resulting e.g., from management practices all the way to the reduction of noise caused e.g., by moderate wind. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of averaging times and thresholds required by some of the filtering steps on the calculated water balance and investigate the ability of two adaptive filtering methods (the adaptive window and adaptive threshold filter (AWAT filter; Peters et al., 2014), and a new synchro filter applicable to the data from a set of several lysimeters) to further reduce the filtering error. Finally, we take advantage of the data sets of all 18 lysimeters running in parallel at the Bad Lauchstädt site to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the proposed filtering scheme. For the tested time interval of 2 months, we show that the estimation of the water balance with high temporal resolution and good accuracy is possible. The filtering code can be downloaded from the journal website as Supplement to this publication.

Data Assimilation for Estimating the Terrestrial Water Budget Using a Constrained Ensemble Kalman Filter

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Pan ◽  
Eric F. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Ensemble Kalman Filter ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Abstract A procedure is developed to incorporate equality constraints in Kalman filters, including the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), and is referred to as the constrained ensemble Kalman filter (CEnKF). The constraint is carried out as a two-step filtering approach, with the first step being the standard (ensemble) Kalman filter. The second step is the constraint step carried out by another Kalman filter that optimally redistributes any imbalance from the first step. The CEnKF is implemented over a 75 000 km2 domain in the southern Great Plains region of the United States, using the terrestrial water balance as the constraint. The observations, consisting of gridded fields of the upper two soil moisture layers from the Oklahoma Mesonet system, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM-CART) energy balance Bowen ratio (EBBR) latent heat estimates, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow from unregulated basins, are assimilated into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model. The water balance was applied at the domain scale, and estimates of the water balance components for the domain are updated from the data assimilation step so as to assure closure.

scholarly journals Assessment of Wetland Restoration and Climate Change Impacts on Water Balance Components of the Heeia Coastal Wetland in Hawaii

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kariem A. Ghazal ◽  
Olkeba Tolessa Leta ◽  
Aly I. El-Kadi ◽  
Henrietta Dulai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Daily Streamflow

Hydrological modeling is an important tool that can be used to assess water resources’ availability and sustainability that are necessary for food security and ecological health of coastal regions. In this study, we assessed the impacts of land use and climate changes on water balance components (WBCs) of the Heeia coastal wetland. We developed a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to capture the unique characteristics of the Hawaiian Islands, including its volcanic soil’s nature and high initial infiltration rates. We used the sequential uncertainty fitting algorithm to assess the sensitivity and uncertainty of WBCs under different climate change scenarios. Results of the statistical analysis of daily streamflow simulations showed that the model performance was within the generally acceptable criteria. Under future climate scenarios, rainfall change was the determinant factor most negatively impacting WBCs. Recharge and baseflow components had the highest sensitivity to the combined effects of land use and climate changes, especially during dry season. The uncertainty analysis indicated that the streamflow is projected to slightly increase by the middle of 21st century, but expected to decline by 40% during the late 21st century of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5.

Climate change impact on terrestrial water balance components at continental and global scales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Nasonova ◽  
Yeugeniy Gusev ◽  
Evgeny Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Terrestrial Water

<p>This work is a continuation of our previous investigations performed within the framework of the International Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) on a regional scale when hydrological projections and their uncertainties were obtained for 11 large-scale river basins using the physically based land surface model Soil Water – Atmosphere – Plants (SWAP) driven by meteorological projections from five Global Climate Models (GCMs). In the present work, we decided to spread our investigations to continental and global scales. The main goals are as follows: (i) projecting changes in terrestrial water balance components in the 21<sup>st</sup> century due to possible climate change for different continents and for the whole globe, (ii) evaluation of uncertainties in the obtained projections sourced from application of different GCMs and different climatic scenarios, (iii) studying the patterns of spatial distribution of changes in the water balance components and their uncertainties.</p><p>Simulations of the water balance components (evapotranspiration and runoff) for the entire land surface of the globe (with the exception of Antarctica) were performed by the SWAP model with a spatial resolution of 0.5<sup>o</sup>×0.5<sup>o</sup> for the period of 1961-2099. The model was driven by daily meteorological outputs from five GCMs (including GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M) obtained for each of four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). As a result, 20 variants of daily values of evapotranspiration, runoff, and precipitation were obtained for each calculational grid cell. Then, the climatic annual values of the water balance components for four periods (historical and three prognostic ones: 2006-2036, 2037-2067, 2068-2099) were obtained and their changes for different prognostic periods compared to historical values were calculated. Besides, uncertainties in the projected changes of the water balance components resulted from application of different GCMs and RCP scenarios were estimated. The obtained results were mapped and averaged over the continents, latitudinal zones, and the globe that allowed us to identify spatio-temporal patterns of changes in the water balance components and their uncertainties due to possible climate changes.</p>

scholarly journals Afforestation of Degraded Croplands as a Water-Saving Option in Irrigated Region of the Aral Sea Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Navneet Kumar ◽  
Asia Khamzina ◽  
Patrick Knöfel ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Bernhard Tischbein
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Trade Offs

Climate change is likely to decrease surface water availability in Central Asia, thereby necessitating land use adaptations in irrigated regions. The introduction of trees to marginally productive croplands with shallow groundwater was suggested for irrigation water-saving and improving the land’s productivity. Considering the possible trade-offs with water availability in large-scale afforestation, our study predicted the impacts on water balance components in the lower reaches of the Amudarya River to facilitate afforestation planning using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The land-use scenarios used for modeling analysis considered the afforestation of 62% and 100% of marginally productive croplands under average and low irrigation water supply identified from historical land-use maps. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in the examined water balance components in all afforestation scenarios based largely on the reduced irrigation demand of trees compared to the main crops. Specifically, replacing current crops (mostly cotton) with trees on all marginal land (approximately 663 km2) in the study region with an average water availability would save 1037 mln m3 of gross irrigation input within the study region and lower the annual drainage discharge by 504 mln m3. These effects have a considerable potential to support irrigation water management and enhance drainage functions in adapting to future water supply limitations.

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