Reactions of the autonomic nervous system of students with different characteristics of higher nervous activity in the situation of examination stress

Abstract. The role of the autonomic nervous system in the glucagon response to hypoglycemia has not been fully clarified. We have studied the effect of total pharmacological blockade of the autonomic nervous system (concomitant α- and β- adrenergic blockade with simultaneous atropine injection) and of isolated α-adrenergic blockade on hormonal responses to hypoglycemia and on blood glucose recovery after hypoglycemia in healthy subjetcs. Neither of the pharmacological blockades had any significant effects on plasma glucagon responses to hypoglycemia nor had they any effect on the rate of blood glucose recovery after hypoglycemia. We conclude that the autonomic nervous system has no major influence on the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in healthy man. Changes in autonomic nervous activity are not essential for blood glucose recovery after hypoglycemia in healthy man.

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Dynamics of total protein content in blood of sows depending on peculiarities of nervous system activity

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (94) ◽

pp. 51-56

Author(s):

R. Postoi ◽

V. Karpovskyi ◽

O. Danchuk ◽

D. Kryvoruchko

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Protein Content ◽

Total Protein ◽

Weak Type ◽

Nervous Activity ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Higher Nervous Activity

The article presents the results of studies on the dynamics of total protein content in blood serum of sows depending on the cortical and vegetative mechanisms of regulation under exposure to technological stimulus. Experiments were carried out on 3 years old pigs of large white breed. Types of higher nervous activity in pigs were determined using method of conditioned food reflexes. According to the studying of conditioned reflex activity 4 experimental groups were formed, 5 animals in each. The 1-st group consisted of sows with strong balanced mobile, the 2-nd – strong balanced inert, the 3-rd – strong unbalanced, and the 4-th – weak types of higher nervous activity. Then in experimental animals we studied the tone of the autonomic nervous system using trygeminovagal test, by the results of which we formed 3 experimental groups (normotonics, sympathicotonics, vagotonics), 5 animals in each. Before exposure to technological stimulus and in 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after its impact, blood samples were taken for biochemical studies in all experimental animals. Before exposure to technological stimulus content of total protein in swine blood serum between animals with strong types of higher nervous activity did not differ significantly. Animals with weak type of higher nervous activity had lower level of this metabolite than animals with strong balanced mobile type. After exposure to technological stimulus the total protein level in swine blood serum significantly decreased. In sows with strong balanced mobile type, the content of total protein starting from the 7-th day after exposure to technological stimulus returned to values that were before stress factor impact. At the same time, in sows with weak type of higher nervous activity, the level of total protein in blood returned to the reference values only in 28 days after exposure to technological stimulus. The basal level of total protein in blood serum in pigs with different tone of autonomic nervous system didn’t differ significantly. In sows normotonics was found a significantly higher content of total protein in blood serum than in sows vagotonics and sympathicotonics during first week after exposure to stress factor.

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Role of the autonomic nervous system in the thermogenic response to food in lean individuals

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.5.e775 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (5) ◽

pp. E775-E780 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. De Jonge ◽

D. R. Garrel

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Nervous Activity ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Oral Ingestion ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Thermogenic Response

The aim of this study was to determine the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in obligatory and facultative components of the thermogenic response to food (TRF). Nineteen lean, healthy subjects participated in this study, which comprised two protocols, each exploring one component of the ANS. In the first experimental group, propranolol (prime: 80 micrograms/kg; continuous: 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) was infused intravenously to inhibit sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), whereas in the second group atropine (prime: 5 micrograms/kg; continuous: 5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) was used to inhibit parasympathetic nervous activity (PNA). The TRF was measured on four occasions: 1) after oral ingestion of a breakfast, during 0.9% NaCl perfusion, 2) after oral ingestion of the same breakfast, during the perfusion of one of the drugs, 3) after intragastric injection of a pureed form of the same meal as in part 1, during 0.9% NaCl perfusion, and 4) after intragastric feeding, during the administration of one of the drugs. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry for 30 min before and 6 h after ingestion of the meal. Facultative TRF was defined as the difference between oral and intragastric TRF. Intragastric feeding significantly reduced TRF in both studies: 6.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 8.7 +/- 0.8% of the ingested energy in the SNA study and 5.5 +/- 1.6 vs. 7.4 +/- 3.1% in the PNA study. During propranolol infusion, TRF was significantly lower than it was during saline infusion after oral feeding (6.9 +/- 1.0% vs. 8.7 +/- 0.8% of ingested energy) but not after intragastric feeding. During atropine administration, TRF was reduced after both oral and intragastric feeding, although statistical significance was not reached in the latter. Atropine administration decreased gastric emptying (measured with an isotopic method) 2 h postingestion by 50%. These results show that the SNA is necessary for the facultative component of TRF to occur in humans. The role of the PNA appears to be related to its action on gastric emptying.

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Study on autonomic nervous system activity with compression socks on lower limbs in isotonic exercise

Impact ◽

10.21820/23987073.2021.5.69 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (5) ◽

pp. 69-71

Author(s):

Hideo Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

High Reliability ◽

Nervous Activity ◽

Bicycle Ergometer ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Sports Science

The benefits of exercise have been widely recognised for a long time. Exercise increases heart rate, in turn facilitating the effective flow of oxygen and blood around the body and enabling the muscles to use this oxygen and blood in economically beneficial ways. Dr Hideo Nakamura, Department of Health Promotion and Sports Science, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan, is exploring the importance of lower limb compression socks for measuring autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. ANS is a key regulator of the cardiovascular system and helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure. Nakamura is filling a research gap as there is little scientific consensus on the effects. A key focus for Nakamura and his team is on the significance of compression socks for sports to measure ANS activity with heart rate variability during exercise. Nakamura is building on previous studies utilising Tone-Entropy analysis, which is effective as it has high reproducibility and high reliability. Using this method, the researchers will explore mental stress, effects of exercise, pharmacological effects and meditation, among other things. The team used a bicycle ergometer to observe heart rate and ANS activity and found that rhythmic exercise could promote improved blood flow in the veins through compression of the lower limbs. Ultimately, the team hopes to define the subtle differences in parasympathetic nervous activity in individuals wearing compression socks.

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Assessments of Heart Rate and Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Activities of Normal Mouse Fetuses at Different Stages of Fetal Development Using Fetal Electrocardiography

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.652828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshiyuki Kasahara ◽

Chihiro Yoshida ◽

Masatoshi Saito ◽

Yoshitaka Kimura

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Fetal Heart Rate ◽

Fetal Heart ◽

Nervous Activity ◽

Parasympathetic Activity ◽

Autonomic Nerves ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Mouse Fetuses

Heart rate is controlled by the activity of the autonomic nervous system: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems increase and suppress heart rate, respectively. To evaluate the activity of the autonomic nervous system, it is possible to determine heart rate variability using electrocardiography (ECG). During the fetal period, the heart and autonomic nerves develop in coordination; however, physiological changes, including autonomic nervous activities that occur during the fetal stage, remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we measured ECG signals of mouse fetuses using our established method to evaluate the development of heart rate and autonomic nervous activity at different fetal developmental stages. We found that heart rate was significantly increased in fetal mice at embryonic day (E) 18.5 compared with that at E13.5, E15.5, and E17.5, indicating that fetal heart rate increases only at the stage immediately prior to birth. Interestingly, fetal parasympathetic nervous activity was reduced at E17.5 and E18.5 compared with that at E13.5, whereas fetal sympathetic nervous activity remained unchanged, at least from E13.5 to E18.5. These results indicate that parasympathetic activity rather than sympathetic activity affects fetal heart rate and that the decrease in parasympathetic activity toward the end of pregnancy could result in the observed increase in fetal heart rate.

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