Use of Nafion membranes in laboratory organic electrosynthesis

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 3164-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Hlavatý ◽  
Jiří Volke
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Nafion Membrane ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Nafion Membranes ◽  
Divided Cell ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Iodide

Electrolysis of quaternary ammonium bromides and iodides in a divided cell with a Nafion membrane yields quaternary polyhalogenides at a carbon anode in water-ethanolic anolytes. The electrodialysis of tetrabutylammonium iodide in a cell with a Nafion membrane enables generation of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. In electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene in presence of 1,3-dibromopropane, N-phenylisooxazolidine results in an approx. 60% yield. This electrosynthesis takes place in dimethylformamide with tetrabutylammonium bromide at a glassy-carbon cathode in a divided cell. In the electroreduction of lobelanine hydrogensulfate in a divided cell in acid water-ethanolic media at a lead cathode prevalently lobelanidine has been obtained.

Electrochemical Oxidation of But-2-yne-1,4-diol

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Hlavatý ◽  
Martin Štícha
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Undivided Cell

But-2-yne-1,4-diol (1) was electrochemically oxidized on glassy carbon anode in a dry THF solution containing a quaternary ammonium salt, in an undivided cell giving di(1,3-dioxepan-2-yl)ethyne (5) in 80% yield. The electrochemically generated dialdehyde intermediate is assumedly acetalized in a fast reaction with THF. Dimerized product 6 was isolated in 85% yield after electrooxidation of diol 1 in dry 1,2-dimethoxyethane under similar conditions.

scholarly journals The role of urea in the solubility of cellulose in aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 5919-5929
Author(s):  
Mikayla G. Walters ◽  
Albaraa D. Mando ◽  
W. Matthew Reichert ◽  
Christy W. West ◽  
Kevin N. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide

We examine the role of water and urea in cellulose solubility in tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH).

Nanostructured polyaniline-coated anode for improving microbial fuel cell power output

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mehdinia ◽  
Minodokht Dejaloud ◽  
Ali Jabbari
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Anode Surface ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Pani Film ◽  
Anode Modification ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerisation

AbstractAn approach for improving the power generation of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell by using a nanostructured polyaniline (PANI)-modified glassy carbon anode was investigated. Modification of the glassy carbon anode was achieved by the electrochemical polymerisation of aniline in 1 M H2SO4 solution. The MFC reactor showed power densities of 0.082 mW cm−2 and 0.031 mW cm−2 for the nano- and microstructured PANI anode, respectively. The results from electron microscopy scanning confirmed formation of the nanostructured PANI film on the anode surface and the results from electrochemical experiments confirmed that the electrochemical activity of the anode was significantly enhanced after modification by nanostructured PANI. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results proved that the charge transfer would be facilitated after anode modification with nanostructured PANI.

Investigation of the Physics of Transduction in Nafion / Ionic Liquid Composite Membranes

2005 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Bennett ◽  
Barbar Akle ◽  
Donald Leo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Nafion Membrane ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Charge Motion ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Nafion Membranes ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Mobile Charges

ABSTRACTIonomeric polymer actuators based on Nafion membranes exhibit large bending motion (1%) under the application of small voltages (1-5 V). Actuation in these materials is believed to arise from the field-induced motion of mobile charges when a voltage is applied. In order for this charge motion to occur, the material must be swollen with a diluent, typically water. However, dehydration of the water limits the lifetime of these actuators in non-aqueous environments. Recently, highly stable ionic liquids have been demonstrated as viable diluents for these actuators. In the current paper, the physics of transduction in these ionic liquid-swollen Nafion membranes are investigated. Small-angle X-ray scattering reveals that the structure and properties of the ionic liquid have a strong influence on the morphology of the composites. Infrared spectroscopy is used to probe the ion associations within the films and shows that the ionic liquids are able to effectively mobilize the counterions of the Nafion membrane. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is also used to investigate the composites and reveals that the mobility of the counterions increases as the content of ionic liquid within the membrane is increased. The results of these characterizations are compared to an experimental investigation of transduction in Nafion / ionic liquid composites to form an interpretation of the mechanisms of actuation. This comparison reveals that the counterions of the Nafion membrane are the primary charge carriers and that it is the motion of these mobile charges that gives rise to the actuation behavior of the films.

Iodimetric determinations in organic solvents: Determination of manganese oxidation states in methylene chloride solutions

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin F. Perez-Benito ◽  
Enrique Brillas ◽  
Conchita Arias
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Manganese Oxidation ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Iodide ◽  
Organic Solutions

An iodimetric technique has been developed to quantitatively analyze the oxidants present in organic solutions. Addition of excess tetrabutylammonium iodide and excess glacial acetic acid results in the formation of tetrabutylammonium triiodide, whose concentration can be measured spectrophotometrically at 295 or 365 nm. Application of this technique to the determination of the final oxidation state of manganese in permanganate reactions in methylene chloride solutions is described. The equilibrium constant for formation of tetrabutylammonium triiodide in methylene chloride has been measured: K = (3.48 ± 0.12) × 104 at 25.0 °C. Keywords: iodimetric determinations, manganese oxidation states, methylene chloride, quaternary ammonium permanganate, quaternary ammonium triiodide.

Quaternary ammonium hydroxide as a metal-free and halogen-free catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2314-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Ema ◽  
Kazuki Fukuhara ◽  
Takashi Sakai ◽  
Masaki Ohbo ◽  
Fu-Quan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Cyclic Carbonates ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Good Catalyst ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Halogen Free

Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) acted as a good catalyst for the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 under solvent-free conditions.

Increasing the Operating Temperature of Nafion Membranes with Addition of Nanocrystalline Oxides for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Baglio ◽  
Alessandra Di Blasi ◽  
Antonino S. Arico' ◽  
Vincenzo Antonucci ◽  
Pier Luigi Antonucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Nafion Membrane ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
Nafion Membranes ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells

ABSTRACTComposite Nafion membranes containing various amounts of TiO2 (3%, 5% and 10%) were prepared by using a recast procedure for application in high temperature Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs). The electrochemical behaviour was compared to that of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) based on a bare recast Nafion membrane. All the MEAs containing the Nafion-titania membranes were able to operate up to 145°C, whereas the assembly equipped with the bare recast Nafion membrane showed the maximum performance at 120°C. A maximum power density of 340 mW cm-2 was achieved at 145°C with the composite membrane in the presence of oxygen feed, whereas the maximum power density with air feed was about 210 mW cm-2.

ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of Ammonium Persulfate at a Glassy Carbon Anode.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
G. F. POTAPOVA ◽  
O. V. SHESTAKOVA ◽  
A. I. SOROKIN ◽  
S. A. ASATUROV
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Carbon Anode
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