scholarly journals Waist circumference centiles for UK South Asian children

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Mahjabeen Shah ◽  
Dimple Radia ◽  
Huw David McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Asian Children

ObjectivesTo develop waist circumference (WC) centile curves for UK South Asian children, to make comparisons with published centiles for British, indigenous Indian and Pakistani children, as well as to make anthropometric comparisons with their UK white peers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSchool-aged children from London boroughs (main measures: 2004–2007).Participants1562 (652 boys, 910 girls) UK South Asian and 1120 (588 boys, 532 girls) UK white children aged 4.0–13.9 years.InterventionsWC, height, weight and body mass index (BMI).Main outcome measuresThe outcome measures were smoothed WC centile curves, constructed using the LMS (L = skewness, M = median, S = coefficient of variation) method. SD scores (SDS) were generated using UK90 and British (WC) growth references.ResultsWC increased with age for both sexes, rising more steeply at the upper centiles after the age of 6 years. Overall, UK South Asian children, similar to indigenous South Asian populations, had higher WC values than the British WC references. However, compared with their UK white peers, UK South Asian children had significantly (p<0.001) lower mean WC (UK white SDS=0.74 and SDS=0.64 vs UK South Asian SDS=0.32 and SDS=0.21 for boys and girls, respectively). Obesity prevalence was greater using WC than BMI for both ethnicities. At the 90th centile, for UK South Asian children, prevalence was 21.5% vs 24.4% for boys and 17% vs 24.5% for girls based on BMI and WC, respectively.ConclusionsThese curves represent the first WC centiles for UK South Asian children up to the age of 14 years. With a continued rise in childhood obesity, they provide a useful historical control for future comparisons.

Reaction time norms as measured by ruler drop method in school-going South Asian children: A cross-sectional study

HOMO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Aranha ◽  
S. Saxena ◽  
M. Moitra ◽  
K. Narkeesh ◽  
N. Arumugam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drop Method ◽  
Asian Children

scholarly journals Differences in total and regional body fat and their association with BMI in UK-born White and South Asian children: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Tiffany Yang ◽  
John Wright ◽  
Maria Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy to determine excess adiposity, though this may underestimate fat mass (FM) in individuals of South Asian (SA) heritage. SA tend to have greater central adiposity than white people, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the differences in total and regional FM using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to see if any differences in FM varied by BMI category in UK-born white and SA children aged ~9 years. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and DXA scans were undertaken from 225 white and 269 SA children from the Born in Bradford cohort study. Linear regression was used to assess ethnic differences in total body fat percent and total and regional FM. Results: Although the mean BMI was similar, compared to white children, the proportion of SA children who were overweight or obese was ~20% higher, they had a median of 2kg more total FM, and the proportion with > 35% total body fat (TBF) was 22% and 16% higher in boys and girls respectively. Mean TBF% was greater in each BMI category, as was truncal, android and gynoid FM, with the greatest differences between ethnic groups observed in the healthy and overweight categories. Conclusions: Greater TBF% and total and regional FM in the healthy- and overweight BMI categories observed in SA children suggests they may be at greater risk of future cardiometabolic disease at a BMI level below obesity threshold. However, our sample size was small, and results may be influenced by selection bias and confounding; our findings need to be replicated in a larger study.

scholarly journals Multifactorial correlates of blood pressure in South Asian children in Canada: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke Fowokan ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Miriam Rosin ◽  
Katherine M Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectiveWe sought to explore various correlates of blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, and to identify the most important aggregate combination of correlates for BP in South Asian children.DesignCross-sectional studySettingCommunity-based recruitment in two Canadian citiesParticipantsSouth Asian children (n=762) provided a range of physiological, lifestyle and social variables. BP was assessed using an automated device. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and BP were transformed to z-scores using published standards.Outcome measuresLinear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between the range of variables with BP z-scores and hypertension while stepwise regression was used to identify aggregate factors that provided explanatory capacity for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) z-scores.ResultsA range of variables were associated with BP z-score and hypertension in unadjusted analysis. On adjustment for confounders, the association between age (β=−0.054, 95% CI=−0.078 to 0.029), female sex (β=−0.208, 95% CI=−0.350 to –0.067), height (β=0.022, 95% CI=0.011 to 0.033), weight (β=0.047, 95% CI=0.040 to 0.055), BMI z-score (β=0.292, 95% CI=0.249 to 0.336), WC z-score (β=0.273, 95% CI=0.219 to 0.326), WHtR z-score (β=0.289, 95% CI=0.236 to 0.342), heart rate (β=0.016, 95% CI=0.010 to 0.022), child’s perception of body image (β=0.183, 95% CI=0.128 to 0.239) and grip strength (β=0.025, 95% CI=0.007 to 0.043) with SBP z-score remained. In stepwise regression, age, sex, BMI z-score, heart rate and weight accounted for 30% of the variance of SBP z-score, while age, BMI z-score, heart rate and daily fast food intake accounted for 23% of the DBP z-score variance.ConclusionOur findings suggest that variables, such as age, sex, height, adiposity and heart rate, provide stronger explanatory capacity to BP variance and hypertension risk than other variables in South Asian children.

scholarly journals Adiposity measures and their validity in estimating risk of hypertension in South Asian children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke O Fowokan ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Miriam Rosin ◽  
Katherine M Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectiveGiven the South Asian phenotype of higher body fat at similar body mass index (BMI) relative to Caucasians, we sought to explore the association between prominent adiposity indicators with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, to compare the accuracy of these indicators in estimating hypertension, and to provide cut-off values associated with adverse hypertension risk in South Asian children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based recruitment in two Canadian cities (Hamilton and Surrey).ParticipantsSouth Asian children (n=762) were recruited from two Canadian cities. Waist circumference, waist to height ratio and BMI were determined. Body fat percentage was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and BP was assessed using an automated device. All variables (except body fat percentage) were transformed to z-scores using published standards.Outcome measuresLinear and Poisson regression was used to explore associations between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to explore the strength of the adiposity indicators in estimating hypertension risk and sex-stratified optimal adiposity cut-off values associated with hypertension risk.ResultsSignificant associations were detected in adjusted and unadjusted models between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension (p<0.01 for all). The area under the curve (AUC) values for the adiposity indicators for boys and girls ranged from 0.74 to 0.80, suggesting that the adiposity indicators are fair measures of estimating hypertension risk. Sex-stratified cut-off associated with adverse risk of hypertension for girls and boys, respectively, were at the 92nd and 82nd percentile for BMI z-scores, 65th and 80th percentile for WC z-score, 63rd and 67th percentile for WHtR z-score and at 29.8% and 23.5% for body fat.ConclusionOur results show associations between adiposity indicators with BP and hypertension and suggests that South Asian children might be at adverse risk of hypertension at levels of adiposity considered normal.

scholarly journals Associations of diarised sleep onset time, period and duration with total and central adiposity in a biethnic sample of young children: the Born in Bradford observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044769
Author(s):  
Paul James Collings ◽  
Jane Elizabeth Blackwell ◽  
Elizabeth Pal ◽  
Helen L Ball ◽  
John Wright
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Young Children ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
White Children ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Sleep Parameters

ObjectivesTo investigate associations of parent-reported sleep characteristics with adiposity levels in a biethnic sample of young children.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingThe Born in Bradford 1000 study, UK.ParticipantsChildren aged approximately 18 months (n=209; 40.2% South Asian; 59.8% white) and 36 months (n=162; 40.7% South Asian; 59.3% white).Primary and secondary outcome measuresChildren’s body mass index (BMI) z-score, sum of two-skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) and waist circumference. Adjusted regression was used to quantify associations of sleep parameters with adiposity stratified by ethnicity and age group. The results are beta coefficients (95% CIs) and unless otherwise stated represent the difference in outcomes for every 1-hour difference in sleep parameters.ResultsThe average sleep onset time was markedly later in South Asian (21:26±68 min) than white children (19:41±48 min). Later sleep onset was associated with lower BMI z-score (−0.3 (−0.5 to −0.0)) and sum of two-skinfolds (−1.5 mm (−2.8 mm to −0.2 mm)) in white children aged 18 months and higher BMI z-score in South Asian children aged 36 months (0.3 (0.0–0.5)). Longer sleep duration on weekends than weekdays was associated with higher BMI z-score (0.4 (0.1–0.8)) and waist circumference (1.2 cm (0.3–2.2 cm)) in South Asian children aged 18 months, and later sleep onset on weekends than weekdays was associated with larger sum of two-skinfolds (1.7 mm (0.3–3.1 mm)) and waist circumference (1.8 cm (0.6–2.9 cm)). Going to sleep ≥20 min later on weekends than weekdays was associated with lower waist circumference in white children aged 18 months (−1.7 cm (−3.2 cm to −0.1 cm)).ConclusionsSleep timing is associated with total and central adiposity in young children but associations differ by age group and ethnicity. Sleep onset times and regular sleep schedules may be important for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Differences in levels of physical activity between White and South Asian populations within a healthcare setting: impact of measurement type in a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e006181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Yates ◽  
Joe Henson ◽  
Charlotte Edwardson ◽  
Danielle H Bodicoat ◽  
Melanie J Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asian Populations

scholarly journals Association Between Waist Circumference As Central Obesity Marker And Cooper Test Result In Security Personnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3&4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Nathanael Nathanael ◽  
Listya Tresnanti Mirtha ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Test Distance ◽  
Test Result

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is a problem that is found all over the world. Individuals who has increased of waist circumference or body mass index will have reduced physical fitness. This condition can also be found in security personnel who need great physical fitness for their occupation. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To find the correlation between waist circumference as marker of central obesity and Cooper test result in security personnel. <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was done to security personnel at Faculty of Medicine University as Indonesia with measuring waist circumference and Cooper test or 12-minutes run test distance covered. <strong>Result:</strong> From 43 subjects, we found that central or abdominal obesity prevalence is 27.9% and the mean of distance covered on Cooper test is 1787.41 ± 271.71 m. Spearman correlation test from both variables give significant inversely proportional correlation. (p value = 0.02; r = −0.430; 95% CI = −0.672 − −0.150). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Increasing waist circumference in a person has correlation with decreasing physical fitness especially cardiorespiratory fitness.</p>

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

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