Presence of a soluble form of acetylcholinesterase in human ocular fluids.

Many of the questions in biochemistry and cell biology are concerned with the relationships of proteins and other macromolecules in complex arrays which are responsible for carrying out metabolic sequences. The simplistic notion that the enzymes we isolate in soluble form from the cytoplasm were also soluble in vivo is being replaced by the concept that these enzymes occur in organized systems within the cell. In this newer view, the cytoplasm is organized and the “soluble enzymes” are in fact fixed in the cellular space and the only soluble components of the cell are small metabolites, inorganic ions etc. Further support for the concept of metabolic organization is provided by the evidence of metabolic channeling. It has been shown that for some metabolic pathways, the intermediates are not in free diffusion equilibrium with the bulk liquid in the cell but are passed along, more or less directly, from one enzyme to the next.

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The Soluble Form of CD74 Enhances MIF's Cardioprotective Properties

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1544581 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

J. Soppert ◽

S. Kraemer ◽

J. Bernhagen ◽

A. Goetzenich ◽

C. Stoppe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soluble Form

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A synthetic corticosteroid, dexamethasone regulates generation of soluble form of interleukin-6 receptor of human lymphocytes, in vitro

Acta Biologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/abiol.53.2002.3.7 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 307-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna Polgár ◽

Márta Brózik ◽

Sára Tóth ◽

Marcsilla Holub ◽

A. Falus

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 6 ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Interleukin 6 Receptor

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Co-expression of recombinant single chain variable fragment recognizing blood antigen fused with sumo and chaperones in Escherichia coli

ACADEMIA JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY ◽

10.15625/2615-9023/v40n4.11689 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dang Thi Ngoc Ha ◽

Le Thi Thu Hong ◽

Truong Nam Hai

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Antibody ◽

Blood Type ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Supernatant Fraction ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Single Chain ◽

E Coli ◽

Recombinant Scfv ◽

Single Chain Variable Fragments

Single chain variable fragments (scFv) have widely been used in research, diagnosis and treatment, but the scFv is considered as difficult protein for expression in E. coli. In previous studies, we expressed a construction of recombinant single chain variable fragments again antigen specific for blood type A (antiA-scFv) individually or fused with Trx or SUMO. However, soluble fraction was low abandant and only approximately 40% when fused with Trx, the other cases were expressed in form of inclusion body. Therefore, it was difficult for purification, refolding and activity assesment. In thispaper, we demonstrated a suitable construction for soluble production of antiA-scFv fused with SUMO (SM/antiA-scFv) in presence of chaparones. Under fermentation with 0.1 mM IPTG at 20oC, the SM/antiA-scFv was entirely expressed in soluble form. Importantly, after cleavage from SUMO with SUMOprotease, antiA-scFv was still maintained in the supernatant fraction. Therefore, it can help ensure bioactivity and is useful for purification process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing soluble recombinant scFv fused with SUMO in presence of chaperone for determination of blood group antigens. Thus, this result facilitates the optimal study of soluble expression, purification and bioactivity determination of the antiA-scFv recombinant antibody.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Endothelial cells promote the colorectal cancer stem cell phenotype through a soluble form of Jagged-1.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717979366.793471463 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Michael B Yaffe

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cancer Stem Cell ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Cell Phenotype ◽

Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype ◽

Stem Cell Phenotype

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Nevirapine Pharmaceutical Cocrystal: Design, Development and Formulation

Drug Delivery Letters ◽

10.2174/2210303109666190411125857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 240-247

Author(s):

Prabhakar Panzade ◽

Priyanka Somani ◽

Pavan Rathi

Keyword(s):

Dosage Form ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Ir Absorption ◽

Stoichiometric Ratio ◽

Design Development ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Pharmaceutical Cocrystal

Background and Objective: The top approach to deliver poorly soluble drugs is the use of a highly soluble form. The present study was conducted to enhance the solubility and dissolution of a poorly aqueous soluble drug nevirapine via a pharmaceutical cocrystal. Another objective of the study was to check the potential of the nevirapine cocrystal in the dosage form. Methods: A neat and liquid assisted grinding method was employed to prepare nevirapine cocrystals in a 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometric ratio of drug:coformer by screening various coformers. The prepared cocrystals were preliminary investigated for melting point and saturation solubility. The selected cocrystal was further confirmed by Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Xray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Further, the cocrystal was subjected to in vitro dissolution study and formulation development. Results: The cocrystal of Nevirapine (NVP) with Para-Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) coformer prepared by neat grinding in 1:2 ratio exhibited greater solubility. The shifts in IR absorption bands, alterations in DSC thermogram, and distinct XRPD pattern showed the formation of the NVP-PABA cocrystal. Dissolution of NVP-PABA cocrystal enhanced by 38% in 0.1N HCl. Immediate release tablets of NVP-PABA cocrystal exhibited better drug release and less disintegration time. Conclusion: A remarkable increase in the solubility and dissolution of NVP was obtained through the cocrystal with PABA. The cocrystal also showed great potential in the dosage form which may provide future direction for other drugs.

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Primary and Memory Response of Human Monocytes to Vaccines: Role of Nanoparticulate Antigens in Inducing Innate Memory

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11040931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 931

Author(s):

Mayra M. Ferrari Ferrari Barbosa ◽

Alex Issamu Kanno ◽

Leonardo Paiva Farias ◽

Mariusz Madej ◽

Gergö Sipos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Neisseria Lactamica ◽

Particulate Form ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Monocytes And Macrophages

Innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages are activated in response to microbial and other challenges and mount an inflammatory defensive response. Exposed cells develop the so-called innate memory, which allows them to react differently to a subsequent challenge, aiming at better protection. In this study, using human primary monocytes in vitro, we have assessed the memory-inducing capacity of two antigenic molecules of Schistosoma mansoni in soluble form compared to the same molecules coupled to outer membrane vesicles of Neisseria lactamica. The results show that particulate challenges are much more efficient than soluble molecules in inducing innate memory, which is measured as the production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10). Controls run with LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to the whole bacteria show that while LPS alone has strong memory-inducing capacity, the entire bacteria are more efficient. These data suggest that microbial antigens that are unable to induce innate immune activation can nevertheless participate in innate activation and memory when in a particulate form, which is a notion that supports the use of nanoparticulate antigens in vaccination strategies for achieving adjuvant-like effects of innate activation as well as priming for improved reactivity to future challenges.

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Soluble Expression and Efficient Purification of Recombinant Class I Hydrophobin DewA

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22157843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 7843

Author(s):

Sang-Oh Ahn ◽

Ho-Dong Lim ◽

Sung-Hwan You ◽

Dae-Eun Cheong ◽

Geun-Joong Kim

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Structure ◽

Signal Sequence ◽

Soluble Expression ◽

Class I ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Two Phase ◽

E Coli ◽

Small Proteins ◽

Industrial Use ◽

Shed Light

Hydrophobins are small proteins (<20 kDa) with an amphipathic tertiary structure that are secreted by various filamentous fungi. Their amphipathic properties provide surfactant-like activity, leading to the formation of robust amphipathic layers at hydrophilic–hydrophobic interfaces, which make them useful for a wide variety of industrial fields spanning protein immobilization to surface functionalization. However, the industrial use of recombinant hydrophobins has been hampered due to low yield from inclusion bodies owing to the complicated process, including an auxiliary refolding step. Herein, we report the soluble expression of a recombinant class I hydrophobin DewA originating from Aspergillus nidulans, and its efficient purification from recombinant Escherichia coli. Soluble expression of the recombinant hydrophobin DewA was achieved by a tagging strategy using a systematically designed expression tag (ramp tag) that was fused to the N-terminus of DewA lacking the innate signal sequence. Highly expressed recombinant hydrophobin DewA in a soluble form was efficiently purified by a modified aqueous two-phase separation technique using isopropyl alcohol. Our approach for expression and purification of the recombinant hydrophobin DewA in E. coli shed light on the industrial production of hydrophobins from prokaryotic hosts.

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CXCR6-CXCL16 Axis Promotes Breast Cancer by Inducing Oncogenic Signaling

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13143568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3568

Author(s):

Hina Mir ◽

Neeraj Kapur ◽

Dominique N. Gales ◽

Praveen K. Sharma ◽

Gabriela Oprea-Ilies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Actin Polymerization ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Antibody Microarray ◽

Terminal Fragment ◽

Significant Difference

Precise mechanisms underlying breast cancer (BrCa) metastasis are undefined, which becomes a challenge for effective treatments. Chemokine signaling instigates the trafficking of cancer cells in addition to leukocytes. This study aimed to ascertain the clinical and biological significance of the CXCR6/CXCL16 signaling axis in the pathobiology of BrCa. Our data show a higher expression of CXCR6 in BrCa cell lines and tissues. Stage-III BrCa tissues express significantly higher CXCR6 compared to stage-II tissues. The ligand, CXCL16, could remain tethered to the cell surface, and, after proteolytic shedding of the ectodomain, the N-terminal fragment is released, converting it to its oncogenic, soluble form. Like CXCR6, N-terminal CXCL16 and ADAM-10 were significantly higher in stage-III than stage-II, but no significant difference was observed in the C-terminal fragment of CXCL16. Further, stimulation of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis activated Src, FAK, ERK1/2, and PI3K signaling pathways, as per antibody microarray analysis, which also underlie CXCL16-induced F-actin polymerization. The CXCR6/CXCL16 axis induces cytoskeleton rearrangement facilitating migration and invasion and supports BrCa cell survival by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. This study highlights the significance of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis and ADAM10 as potential therapeutic targets for advanced-stage BrCa.

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