scholarly journals International consensus definitions of video signs of concussion in professional sports

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 1264-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin A Davis ◽  
Michael Makdissi ◽  
Paul Bloomfield ◽  
Patrick Clifton ◽  
Ruben J Echemendia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Individual Sports

BackgroundThe use of video to assist professional sporting bodies with the diagnosis of sport-related concussion (SRC) has been well established; however, there has been little consistency across sporting codes with regards to which video signs should be used, and the definitions of each of these signs.AimThe aims of this study were to develop a consensus for the video signs considered to be most useful in the identification of a possible SRC and to develop a consensus definition for each of these video signs across the sporting codes.MethodsA brief questionnaire was used to assess which video signs were considered to be most useful in the identification of a possible concussion. Consensus was defined as >90% agreement by respondents. Existing definitions of these video signs from individual sports were collated, and individual components of the definitions were assessed and ranked. A modified Delphi approach was then used to create a consensus definition for each of the video signs.ResultsRespondents representing seven sporting bodies (Australian Football League, Cricket Australia, Major League Baseball, NFL, NHL, National Rugby League, World Rugby) reached consensus on eight video signs of concussion. Thirteen representatives from the seven professional sports ranked the definition components. Consolidation and refinement of the video signs and their definitions resulted in consensus definitions for six video signs of possible concussion: lying motionless, motor incoordination, impact seizure, tonic posturing, no protective action—floppy and blank/vacant look.ConclusionsThese video signs and definitions have reached international consensus, are indicated for use by professional sporting bodies and will form the basis for further collaborative research.

scholarly journals LO042: Sonography in Hypotension and Cardiac Arrest (SHoC) - Hypotension: derivation of an evidence-based consensus algorithm for the integration of point of care ultrasound into resuscitation of hypotensive patients

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S44-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Atkinson ◽  
J. Bowra ◽  
J. Milne ◽  
M. Lambert ◽  
B. Jarman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Delphi Approach

Introduction: Point of care ultrasound has become an established tool in the initial management of patients with undifferentiated hypotension. Current established protocols (RUSH, ACES, etc) were developed by expert user opinion, rather than objective, prospective data. We wished to use reported disease incidence to develop an informed approach to PoCUS in hypotension using a “4 F’s” approach: Fluid; Form; Function; Filling. Methods: We summarized the incidence of PoCUS findings from an international multicentre RCT, and using a modified Delphi approach incorporating this data we obtained the input of 24 international experts associated with five professional organizations led by the International Federation of Emergency Medicine. The modified Delphi tool was developed to reach an international consensus on how to integrate PoCUS for hypotensive emergency department patients. Results: Rates of abnormal PoCUS findings from 151 patients with undifferentiated hypotension included left ventricular dynamic changes (43%), IVC abnormalities (27%), pericardial effusion (16%), and pleural fluid (8%). Abdominal pathology was rare (fluid 5%, AAA 2%). After two rounds of the survey, using majority consensus, agreement was reached on a SHoC-hypotension protocol comprising: A. Core: 1. Cardiac views (Sub-xiphoid and parasternal windows for pericardial fluid, cardiac form and ventricular function); 2. Lung views for pleural fluid and B-lines for filling status; and 3. IVC views for filling status; B. Supplementary: Additional cardiac views; and C. Additional views (when indicated) including peritoneal fluid, aorta, pelvic for IUP, and proximal leg veins for DVT. Conclusion: An international consensus process based on prospectively collected disease incidence has led to a proposed SHoC-hypotension PoCUS protocol comprising a stepwise clinical-indication based approach of Core, Supplementary and Additional PoCUS views.

scholarly journals Australian Football in America During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-540
Author(s):  
James Bingaman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Spectator Sport ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Short Essay

Despite its relative obscureness in the United States, Australian football has graced American airwaves since the 1990s. The outbreak of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020 paved the way for the Australian Football League to be one of the only professional sports leagues broadcasting games live on American television. Although the Australian Football League would later suspend the season, for at least one weekend, Australian football was the most popular sport in the United States. This short essay pulls from news articles, social media posts, and existing literature to explore this unique time in the American sports landscape by investigating the response to Australian football from fans, the response from media outlets, and the future directions of Australian football in the United States. The increase in exposure could help the Australian Football League become the next big spectator sport in the United States as well as help grow the game at a local, grassroots level.

scholarly journals International study of video review of concussion in professional sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin A Davis ◽  
Michael Makdissi ◽  
Paul Bloomfield ◽  
Patrick Clifton ◽  
Ruben J Echemendia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
International Study ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
American Football ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Video Review ◽  
Motor Incoordination ◽  
Australian Football

BackgroundVideo review has become an important tool in professional sporting codes to help sideline identification and management of players with a potential concussion.AimTo assess current practices related to video review of concussion in professional sports internationally, and compare protocols and diagnostic criteria used to identify and manage potential concussions.MethodsCurrent concussion management guidelines from professional national and international sporting codes were reviewed. Specific criteria and definitions of video signs associated with concussion were compared between codes. Rules and regulations adopted across the codes for processes around video review were also assessed.ResultsSix sports with specific diagnostic criteria and definitions for signs of concussion identified on video review participated in this study (Australian football, American football, world rugby, cricket, rugby league and ice hockey). Video signs common to all sports include lying motionless/loss of responsiveness and motor incoordination. The video signs considered by the majority of sports as most predictive of a diagnosis of concussion include motor incoordination, impact seizure, tonic posturing and lying motionless. Regulatory requirements, sideline availability of video, medical expertise of video reviewers and use of spotters differ across sports and geographical boundaries. By and large, these differences reflect a pragmatic approach from each sport, with limited underlying research and development of the video review process in some instances.ConclusionsThe use of video analysis in assisting medical staff with the diagnosis or identification of potential concussion is well established across different sports internationally. The diagnostic criteria used and the expertise of the video review personnel are not clearly established, and research efforts would benefit from a collaborative harmonisation across sporting codes.

Reliability of Using the Proposed International Consensus Video Signs of Potential Concussion for National Rugby League Head Impact Events

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Global Consistency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Impact Events

Abstract BACKGROUND Consensus on the definition of extant video signs of concussion have recently been proposed by representatives of international sporting codes for global consistency across professional leagues. OBJECTIVE To review the reliability of the proposed international consensus video signs of concussion in National Rugby League (NRL) head impact events (HIEs). METHODS The video signs of concussion were coded for every HIE during the 2019 NRL season. Coding was conducted blinded to the concussion status. Frequency, sensitivity, specificity, and a receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. RESULTS There were 943 HIEs identified over the 2019 NRL season, of which 106 resulted in a diagnosed concussion. The most frequently observed video sign in concussed athletes was blank/vacant look (54%), which was also the most sensitive video sign (0.54, CI: 0.44-0.63), while the most specific was tonic posturing (0.99, CI: 0.99-1.00). In 43.4% of diagnosed concussions none of the 6 video signs were present. The 6 video signs demonstrated a “fair” ability to discriminate between concussion and nonconcussion HIEs (area under the curve = 0.76). CONCLUSION International consensus agreement between collision sports for extant video signs of concussion and the definition of those extant video signs are clinically important. The selection of signs requires rigorous assessment to examine their predictive value across all sports and within individual sports, and to determine further video signs to compliment and improve the identification of possible concussion events within various sports. The current study demonstrated that, for NRL-related HIEs, the diagnostic accuracy of video signs varies.

The Impact of Emerging Technology in Sport Broadcasting on the Preconditions for Interorganizational Relationship (IOR) Formation in Professional Football

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Turner ◽  
David Shilbury
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Interorganizational Relationship ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Environmental factors such as emerging technology, globalization, economic reform and social change are creating a background in which sporting organizations must seek to quickly adapt to manage their ongoing activities and operations. Focusing on emerging technology in the area of sport broadcasting, this research examined six preconditions for interorganizational relationship (IOR) formation from the perspective of professional football clubs in Australia. Based upon theories derived from the IOR literature, these six preconditions for IOR formation were considered to determine if emerging broadcasting technologies impact on IOR formation between Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL) clubs and broadcasters. Semistructured in-depth interviews with senior managers of 11 AFL, and 10 NRL clubs were undertaken and data analyzed, coded and emergent themes identified. Results indicate that professional club managers display most of these attributes that precipitate the preconditions for IOR formation, but although these preconditions exist, there is little willingness by the clubs to formulate IORs with sport broadcasters.

scholarly journals Evaluating Broadcast Strategy: The Case of Australian Football

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Fujak ◽  
Stephen Frawley
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
The Impact

The central aim of this study was to evaluate the broadcast strategies of Australia’s 2 leading commercial sports leagues, the Australian Football League and the National Rugby League. Specifically, the research focused on assessing the degree of exclusivity and geographic reach embedded in each broadcast agreement. In doing so, the research considered the impact of strategy in providing value to the broadcasters and teams, as well as utility to fans of each league, within Noll’s framework of broadcasting principles.

A Formal Test for Asymmetry in the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam J. A. Lenten
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Structural Time Series ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome ◽  
Formal Test ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

The presence of asymmetry in the relation between attendances and competitive balance in the Australian Football League is tested, over the period 1945-2010. The results from the well-specified structural time-series model validate the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, and the null of no asymmetry is rejected easily in the structural innovations of the series, although it is not rejected in the levels. The latter finding substantiates the reversibility (without net loss of demand) of league revenue-sharing and labor market policies that influence demand in professional sports leagues.

scholarly journals WSES consensus conference guidelines: monitoring and management of severe adult traumatic brain injury patients with polytrauma in the first 24 hours

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Picetti ◽  
Sandra Rossi ◽  
Fikri M. Abu-Zidan ◽  
Luca Ansaloni ◽  
Rocco Armonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Consensus Process ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Polytrauma Patients

AbstractThe acute phase management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and polytrauma represents a major challenge. Guidelines for the care of these complex patients are lacking, and worldwide variability in clinical practice has been documented in recent studies. Consequently, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) decided to organize an international consensus conference regarding the monitoring and management of severe adult TBI polytrauma patients during the first 24 hours after injury. A modified Delphi approach was adopted, with an agreement cut-off of 70%. Forty experts in this field (emergency surgeons, neurosurgeons, and intensivists) participated in the online consensus process. Sixteen recommendations were generated, with the aim of promoting rational care in this difficult setting.

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