Few training sessions between return to play and first match appearance are associated with an increased propensity for injury: a prospective cohort study of male professional football players during 16 consecutive seasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Bengtsson ◽  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Markus Waldén ◽  
Martin Hägglund
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that injury risk after return to play following an injury absence is influenced by the amount of training completed before return to competition.AimTo analyse if the number of completed training sessions between return to play and the first subsequent match appearance was associated with the odds of injury in men’s professional football.MethodsFrom a cohort study, including 303 637 individual matches, 4805 first match appearances after return to play following moderate to severe injuries (≥8 days absence) were analysed. Rate ratios (RRs) were used to compare injury rates in the first match appearances with the average seasonal match injury rate. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to analyse associations between the number of completed training sessions and general (all injuries), muscle, and non-muscle injury odds.ResultsInjury rate in the first match after return to play was increased by 87% compared with the average seasonal match injury rate (46.9 vs 25.0/1000 hours, RR=1.87; 95% CI 1.64 to 2.14). The odds of injury dropped 7% with each training session before the first match (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.98). The same association was found for muscle injuries (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95) but not for non-muscle injuries (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.07).ConclusionsInjury rates in the first match after injury are higher than the average seasonal match injury rate, but the propensity for player injury is decreased when players complete more training sessions before their first match.

scholarly journals On average, a professional rugby union player is more likely than not to sustain a concussion after 25 matches

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Rafferty ◽  
Craig Ranson ◽  
Giles Oatley ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa ◽  
Prabhat Mathema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Concussive Injury ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesTo investigate concussion injury rates, the likelihood of sustaining concussion relative to the number of rugby union matches and the risk of subsequent injury following concussion.MethodsA four-season (2012/2013–2015/2016) prospective cohort study of injuries in professional level (club and international) rugby union. Incidence (injuries/1000 player-match-hours), severity (days lost per injury) and number of professional matches conferring a large risk of concussion were determined. The risk of injury following concussion was assessed using a survival model.ResultsConcussion incidence increased from 7.9 (95% CI 5.1 to 11.7) to 21.5 injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI 16.4 to 27.6) over the four seasons for combined club and international rugby union. Concussion severity was unchanged over time (median: 9 days). Players were at a greater risk of sustaining a concussion than not after an exposure of 25 matches (95% CI 19 to 32). Injury risk (any injury) was 38% greater (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.56) following concussion than after a non-concussive injury. Injuries to the head and neck (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.70), upper limb (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.12), pelvic region (HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.65) and the lower limb (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.10) were more likely following concussion than after a non-concussive injury.ConclusionConcussion incidence increased, while severity remained unchanged, during the 4 years of this study. Playing more than 25 matches in the 2015/2016 season meant that sustaining concussion was more likely than not sustaining concussion. The 38% greater injury risk after concussive injury (compared with non-concussive injury) suggests return to play protocols warrant investigation.

Injury Rates and Profiles in Female Ice Hockey Players

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna M. Schick ◽  
Willem H. Meeuwisse
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hockey Players

Background Little data exist on injury rates and profiles in female ice hockey players. Objective To examine the incidence of injury in female ice hockey players and compare injury rates with those of male players. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Six male and six female teams from the Canada West Universities Athletic Association were followed prospectively for one varsity season. Preseason medical history forms were completed by each player. Injury report forms and attendance records for each team session were submitted by team therapists. Results Male players reported 161 injuries, whereas female players reported 66 injuries. However, the overall injury rates for male (9.19 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures) and female (7.77 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures) players did not differ significantly. Ninety-six percent of injuries in female players and 79% in male players were related to contact mechanisms, even though intentional body checking is not allowed in female ice hockey. Women were more likely than men to be injured by contacting the boards or their opponent. Men sustained more severe injuries than women and missed about twice as many sessions (exposures) because of injury. Concussions were the most common injury in female players, followed by ankle sprains, adductor muscle strains, and sacroiliac dysfunction. Conclusion Although the injury rate in female ice hockey players was expected to be lower than that in male players because of the lack of intentional body checking, the injury rates were found to be similar.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Track and Field: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Avinash Chandran ◽  
Sarah N. Morris ◽  
Patricia R. Roby ◽  
Adrian J. Boltz ◽  
Hannah J. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Lateral Ligament ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context Women's track and field events at the National Collegiate Athletic Association level have grown in popularity in recent years, and track and field athletes are vulnerable to a broad range of potential injuries. Background Routine examination of track and field injuries is important for identifying emerging patterns in injury incidence. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 academic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 2.20 per 1000 athlete exposures; the competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate (injury rate ratio = 1.73; 95% confidence interval = 1.51, 1.97). Hamstring tears (8.9%), medial tibial stress syndrome (5.4%), and lateral ligament complex tears (4.2%) were the most reported injuries. Conclusions Given the results of this study, further attention may be directed toward factors associated with noncontact injury risk in the competitions. The changing injury rates of most reported injuries also warrant monitoring post 2018–2019.

Trends in United States High School Soccer Concussion Reporting from 2012–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-740
Author(s):  
S Burkhart ◽  
C Ellis ◽  
J Baggett ◽  
T Smurawa ◽  
J Polousky
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Rank One ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Surveillance Database

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide updated high school soccer concussion incidence rates by gender and event type. It was hypothesized more soccer injuries occur in females, during games, and that females would have higher injury rates and risk. Methods This study used data from the Rank One Health Injury Surveillance Database (ROH ISD) between 2012–17, from 1,999 high schools in student-athletes ages 14 to 18. This study examined high school soccer concussion incidence rate reporting by Athletic Trainers (ATCs). Injury rates per 1,000 Athletic Exposures, injury rate ratios (IRRs), and risk ratios (RR) were calculated by event type. All 95% confidence intervals (CIs) not containing 1.0 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 6,669 concussions with an average age of 15.62 (SD=1.26) were reported by ATCs in high school soccer from 2012-17. More concussions occurred in games (4,527; 67.9%) than practices (2,142; 32.1%). During games, males (3.49/1,000 AEs) had lower rates than females (7.78/1,000 AEs). During practice, males (0.52/1,000 AEs) had lower rates than females (0/97/1,000 AEs). Injury risk ratio was higher in games than practices for males (RR=6.71; 95% CI=6.67, 6.75) and females (RR=8.11; 95% CI=8.08, 8.14). Conclusion This study marks the largest epidemiological high school soccer concussion incidence investigation to date. The findings from this study provide updated high school soccer concussion incidence rates and provide further evidence of differences in injury rates when comparing practices and games.

scholarly journals The Interval Between Matches Significantly Influences Injury Risk in Field Hockey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Mason ◽  
Anna Lina Rahlf ◽  
Andreas Groll ◽  
Kai Wellmann ◽  
Astrid Junge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
And Training

AbstractFixture congestion increases injury risk in football, but how it impacts other sports is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify associations between match density and injury incidence in field hockey players. Injury data from a prospective cohort study of professional and youth players was analysed in two ways. Inter-match intervals were clustered into<2424-hours, 3–7-days, and 13 + days, and injury rate ratios (IRR) were calculated to identify differences between clusters in match injuries. Separately, a Lasso-penalised Poisson regression model was used to determine the association between match load across the previous 24-hours, 3-days, 7-days and 14-days, and match and training injuries. Injury rates in matches within 24-hours of the previous match were mostly significantly higher when compared to matches after 3–7-days (IRRs: 3.78; 6.77, P = 0.003; 0.005). While a higher match exposure in the preceding 24-hour and 3-day periods was associated with higher combined match and training injury rates (β̂ = 0.0001; 0.0018), a higher match exposure in the previous 7-and 14-day periods was associated with a reduced injury rate (β̂ = –0.0001; –0.0005). Due to the increased injury risk in matches 3-days and especially 24-hours following the previous fixture, match distribution should be cautiously planned.

scholarly journals Injury rates decreased in men’s professional football: an 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103159
Author(s):  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Armin Spreco ◽  
Håkan Bengtsson ◽  
Roald Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Individual Player

BackgroundThe UEFA Elite Club Injury Study is the largest and longest running injury surveillance programme in football.ObjectiveTo analyse the 18-season time trends in injury rates among male professional football players.Methods3302 players comprising 49 teams (19 countries) were followed from 2000–2001 through 2018–2019. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries.ResultsA total of 11 820 time-loss injuries were recorded during 1 784 281 hours of exposure. Injury incidence fell gradually during the 18-year study period, 3% per season for both training injuries (95% CI 1% to 4% decrease, p=0.002) and match injuries (95% CI 2% to 3% decrease, p<0.001). Ligament injury incidence decreased 5% per season during training (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001) and 4% per season during match play (95% CI 3% to 6% decrease, p<0.001), while the rate of muscle injuries remained constant. The incidence of reinjuries decreased by 5% per season during both training (95% CI 2% to 8% decrease, p=0.001) and matches (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001). Squad availability increased by 0.7% per season for training sessions (95% CI 0.5% to 0.8% increase, p<0.001) and 0.2% per season for matches (95% CI 0.1% to 0.3% increase, p=0.001).ConclusionsOver 18 years: (1) injury incidence decreased in training and matches, (2) reinjury rates decreased, and (3) player availability for training and match play increased.

scholarly journals Examining Play Counts and Measurements of Injury Incidence in Youth Football

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
Aristarque Djoko ◽  
Sara L. Dalton ◽  
Melissa M. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Age Range

Context: Whereas researchers have provided estimates for the number of head impacts sustained within a youth football season, less is known about the number of plays across which such impact exposure occurs.Objective: To estimate the number of plays in which youth football players participated during the 2013 season and to estimate injury incidence through play-based injury rates.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Youth football.Patients or Other Participants: Youth football players (N = 2098; age range, 5−15 years) from 105 teams in 12 recreational leagues across 6 states.Main Outcome Measure(s): We calculated the average number of athlete-plays per season and per game using independent-samples t tests to compare age groups (5–10 years old versus 11–15 years old) and squad sizes (&lt;20 versus ≥20 players); game injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and per 10 000 athlete-plays; and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare age groups.Results: On average, youth football players participated in 333.9 ± 178.5 plays per season and 43.9 ± 24.0 plays per game. Age groups (5- to 10-year-olds versus 11- to 15-year-olds) did not differ in the average number of plays per season (335.8 versus 332.3, respectively; t2086.4 = 0.45, P = .65) or per game (44.1 versus 43.7, respectively; t2092.3 = 0.38, P = .71). However, players from smaller teams participated in more plays per season (373.7 versus 308.0; t1611.4 = 8.15, P &lt; .001) and per game (47.7 versus 41.4; t1523.5 = 5.67, P &lt; .001). Older players had a greater game injury rate than younger players when injury rates were calculated per 1000 AEs (23.03 versus 17.86/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.60) or per 10 000 athlete-plays (5.30 versus 4.18/10 000 athlete-plays; IRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.57).Conclusions: A larger squad size was associated with a lower average number of plays per season and per game. Increasing youth football squad sizes may help reduce head-impact exposure for individual players. The AE-based injury rates yielded effect estimates similar to those of play-based injury rates.

The Epidemiology of Injuries in Middle School Football, 2015-2017: The Advancing Healthcare Initiatives for Underserved Students Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Nelson Cortes ◽  
Jatin P. Ambegaonkar ◽  
Amanda M. Caswell ◽  
Matt Prebble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Underserved Students ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background: Although data exist on injuries in youth football leagues, there are limited recent data on injury incidence in middle school football. Updated injury incidence estimates can help drive the development of injury prevention strategies. Purpose: Describe the epidemiology of injuries in middle school football during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data originated from 9 public middle schools in Virginia during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Certified athletic trainers collected injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data from school-sanctioned games and practices in boys’, football. Injury counts and rates per 1000 AEs were calculated. Injury rate ratios with 95% CIs compared rates between games and practices. Results: Overall, 664 middle school boys’, football injuries were reported, leading to an overall injury rate of 20.54 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 18.98-22.11). The time loss injury rate (inclusive of injuries with participation restriction time ≥24 hours) was 9.28 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 8.23-10.33). The injury rate was higher in competition than practice (36.19 vs 17.97 per 1000 AEs; injury rate ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.69-2.40). Most injuries were to the head/face (competition, 20.6%; practice, 15.8%) and hand/wrist (competition, 18.8%; practice, 16.4%) and were diagnosed as contusions (competition, 30.9%; practice, 25.9%) and sprains (competition, 19.4%; practice, 12.6%). Competitions also had a large proportion of concussions (10.3%). Overall, 80.0% and 66.9% of injuries were due to contact in competition and practice, respectively; of these contact-related injuries, 62.1% and 41.6% were specifically player contact. Conclusion: Injury distributions parallel those found in previous research from middle school and other sport settings. Injury rates in middle school football were higher than those reported in previous findings in high school and college. However, caution must be taken when interpreting findings in relation to other surveillance systems with varying methodologies. Still, the findings highlight the need for injury prevention strategies within middle school football, particularly as related to contact-related mechanisms.

scholarly journals Injuries in Korean Elite Taekwondo Athletes: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5143
Author(s):  
Boae Son ◽  
Young Jae Cho ◽  
Hee Seong Jeong ◽  
Sae Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
A Prospective Study

This prospective cohort study aimed to identify the incidence and characteristics of Taekwondo-related injuries according to age, sex, and event type (i.e., practice or competition) based on a web-based injury surveillance system (ISS) with a follow-up period of 12 months. A total of 285 members of the Korea Taekwondo Association who competed in the 2016 season participated. Injury incidence rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared regarding age, sex, and event type. During the season, 336 injuries were reported, resulting in a rate of 6.31/1000 AEs. The most common location, type, and mechanism of injury in Taekwondo athletes were the foot/ankle, ligament sprain, and contact with another player, respectively. The overall injury IRs associated with Taekwondo practicing and competition were 4.79/1000 AEs and 24.86/1000 AEs, respectively. The overall injury RR related to both practice and competition was higher in youth athletes than in adult athletes. However, adult athletes were more likely to sustain more severe injuries. Korean elite Taekwondo athletes were commonly exposed to injury, especially youth and female athletes. Therefore, continuation of the ISS suggests the development of interventions for preventing injuries sustained by Taekwondo athletes.

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