scholarly journals The world health organisation needs to reconsider its definition of health

BMJ ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 314 (7091) ◽  
pp. 1409-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saracci
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Gesondheid: 'n realistiese perspektief

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Elna Gross ◽  
Anna Nolte ◽  
Dawie Smith
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
World Health ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of

This article presents a realistic perspective on the definition of health. Debates in tins article include amongst others the World Health Organization's definition on health and the'7 Nursing for the Whole Person " health definition." Opsomming Die term gesondheid was nog altyd moeilik om te definieer, omdat daar soveel uiteenlopende beskouiings is oor wat die begrip gesondheid behels. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Health for All and Primary Health Care, 1978–2018: A Historical Perspective on Policies and Programs Over 40 Years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Rifkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

In 1978, at an international conference in Kazakhstan, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund put forward a policy proposal entitled “Primary Health Care” (PHC). Adopted by all the World Health Organization member states, the proposal catalyzed ideas and experiences by which governments and people began to change their views about how good health was obtained and sustained. The Declaration of Alma-Ata (as it is known, after the city in which the conference was held) committed member states to take action to achieve the WHO definition of health as “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Arguing that good health was not merely the result of biomedical advances, health-services provision, and professional care, the declaration stated that health was a human right, that the inequality of health status among the world’s populations was unacceptable, and that people had a right and duty to become involved in the planning and implementation of their own healthcare. It proposed that this policy be supported through collaboration with other government sectors to ensure that health was recognized as a key to development planning. Under the banner call “Health for All by the Year 2000,” WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund set out to turn their vision for improving health into practice. They confronted a number of critical challenges. These included defining PHC and translating PHC into practice, developing frameworks to translate equity into action, experiencing both the potential and the limitations of community participation in helping to achieve the WHO definition of health, and seeking the necessary financing to support the transformation of health systems. These challenges were taken up by global, national, and nongovernmental organization programs in efforts to balance the PHC vision with the realities of health-service delivery. The implementation of these programs had varying degrees of success and failure. In the future, PHC will need to address to critical concerns, the first of which is how to address the pressing health issues of the early 21st century, including climate change, control of noncommunicable diseases, global health emergencies, and the cost and effectiveness of humanitarian aid in the light of increasing violent disturbances and issues around global governance. The second is how PHC will influence policies emerging from the increasing understanding that health interventions should be implemented in the context of complexity rather than as linear, predictable solutions.

scholarly journals Human Nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (131) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Malene Breunig
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Forest Garden ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of

The research-based Danish therapy garden Nacadia, which opened in 2011, can be viewed as a holistically oriented realization of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) broad definition of health from 1948: health is not just the absence of disease, but a state of both physical, mental and social well-being in which individuals may develop their abilities, deal with everyday challenges and stress, as well as socialize with other people. Nacadia’s raison d’être and relevance are indisputable. But the questions this article addresses are what perception of nature the therapy forest garden promotes and what social diagnosis it springs from and reproduces. Nacadia’s interdisciplinary research team provides no explanation, but these questions inform my analysis. Based on Nacadia’s concept manual and the therapy garden itself, as well as some literary accounts of engaging with nature, I develop two answers: First, that the researchers behind Nacadia operate with both a discourse and a physical-aesthetic presentation of nature as a peaceful and accessible place for both self-immersion and connection with ‘something greater’. Secondly, the implementation of such a sanctuary encourages romantically tinted modes of experience which certainly seem invigorating but may also evoke an element of alienation for people in a modern society.

scholarly journals MODERN LEGAL DEFINITION OF HUMAN HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Līga Mazure
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Legal System ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The World Health Organisation has proposed an innovative view on the legal definition of human health, which countries have borrowed and included in their national laws and regulations. At the beginning the legal definition of human health was seen as an innovation and a progressive view on the legal understanding of human health. However, nowadays this legal definition of human health is considered too narrow and needs to be specified in two areas. Firstly, the legal definition of human health should include significant and already existing health principles for objective and comprehensive interpretation. Secondly, nowadays, a more detailed evaluation of the notion of health broadens its interpretation, revealing new aspects of the definition of human health.The research aim is to analyse the legal definition of human health and propose its more specific version in accordance with the modern legal system. The following main research methods of the legal science were used: analytical, systemic, teleological. 

scholarly journals Some Crucial Issues Concerning the Safety Provided by Occupational Health Standards

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tord Kjellstrom
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Standards ◽  
Definition Of

Traditionally occupational health standards for chemicals and other hazards in the workplace have been established by "expert committees" with no involve1nent of the victims of the effects of the hazards, namely the workers themselves. This has led to standards that do not protect workers against all ill effects. The example of trichloroethylene is typical. The New Zealand standard lags behind the World Health Organisation and Swedish standards. Workers have a moral right to be involved in the standard setting and the enforcement procedures. The crucial issue for them is the definition of the "acceptable risk" for a particular hazard, as they are putting their own health at stake. It is 34 years since Sweden established the system of workers health and safety representatives in all workplaces and in government agencies dealing with occupational health. Maybe it is time for New Zealand to follow this example.

Community-based health care in disasters

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (284) ◽  
pp. 524-532
Author(s):  
Bruce Dick
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Year 2000

“Health for All by the Year 2000” has been a major goal, an important rallying cry for individuals and organizations around the world concerned about improving the physical, mental and social well-being of vulnerable people. Of course it has been a somewhat idealistic goal, as has the World Health Organization's definition of health. However, it has served a useful function, both in terms of what it says positively about our vision for the future and also by reminding us, implicitly if not explicitly, that for many hundreds of millions of people the reality is still very far from the dream.

scholarly journals In a World of Paradoxes, Conflicts and Contradictions the Need for Disambiguation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Vicente A ◽  
Fernando C ◽  
Almada F
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Sport

Today we begin to have the knowledge that allows us to face man in a dynamic and dialectic perspective, as we have long desired (see, for example, the definition of health by the World Health Organization, 1948, as a state of equilibrium – therefore dynamic). However, an intention is not enough. We have to better understand the phenomena, of course. And differently. There is a need for a rupture in strategies, methodologies, instruments (conceptual and material), an adequate conception and with the appropriate degrees of freedom. This work intends to be as a contribution to this rupture (see Thomas Kuhn). Not only in health, but in general, because man is always, (as a phenomenon, as a sign or as the observer), a fundamental part of our visions. In this article we propose two conceptual tools: ARAT (aggression / reaction / adaptation / transformation - as a factor of transformation) and Mental Schemes (as a factor of stability - which, therefore, goes beyond a centralization in the nervous system). Tools that allow us to access causalities (not only in their consequences, which are the facts, events, where we often focus our attention), because they guide and justify (substantiate the functionality) the action of man in every field (in education, health, sport, leisure, politics, economics, tourism, etc.) showing how and why man works.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Blindness Due to Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in the UK

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Best ◽  
G Silvestri ◽  
BJ Burton ◽  
B Foot ◽  
J Acheson
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lower Figure ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

Purpose: To determine the incidence of blindness secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in the United Kingdom. Methods: New cases of blindness occurring secondary to IIH were identified prospectively through the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU) from October 2005 to November 2006. Only idiopathic cases of intracranial hypertension and those meeting the World Health Organisation`s definition of blindness were included. Cases that were already blind or had already been blind registered before the study period were excluded. Results: There were 24 new cases of registerable blindness secondary to IIH reported during the 12 month period. Questionnaires were completed for 19 cases. Of these 19 cases, 3 were not truly idiopathic and 3 cases did not fulfil the strict criteria for blindness. One case was a duplicate report. There were 12 definite cases of blindness secondary to IIH giving a UK incidence of blindness secondary to IIH of 0.6-2% (assuming a UK population of 63.2 million and an incidence of IIH of 1-3/100,000). If the 5 cases reported as blind but without a completed questionnaire are assumed to be true cases then the incidence of blindness would be 1-3%. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that approximately 1-2% of new cases of IIH are likely to become blind in a given year. This contrasts with rates of between 4-10% reported previously in hospital-based studies, but may be a more accurate figure for the population as a whole. Under-ascertainment and improving standards of care may also have contributed to the lower figure than previously reported.

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