Referral management schemes are damaging patients' interests

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

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New advanced designed systems to ensure safeguard of the territory and preservation of water resources for irrigation

ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE ◽

10.3280/ecag2-2020oa10413 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Cinalberto Bertozzi ◽

Fabio Paglione

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Land Reclamation ◽

Land Area ◽

Water Board ◽

Management Schemes ◽

Innovative Techniques ◽

River Po ◽

Crop Irrigation

The Burana Land-Reclamation Board is an interregional water board operating in three regions and five provinces. The Burana Land-Reclamation Board operates over a land area of about 250,000 hectares between the Rivers Secchia, Panaro and Samoggia, which forms the drainage basin of the River Panaroand part of the Burana-Po di Volano, from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines to the River Po. Its main tasks are the conservation and safeguarding of the territory, with particular attention to water resources and how they are used, ensuring rainwater drainage from urban centres, avoiding flooding but ensuringwater supply for crop irrigation in the summer to combat drought. Since the last century the Burana Land-Reclamation Board has been using innovative techniques in the planning of water management schemes designed to achieve the above aims, improving the management of water resources while keeping a constant eye on protection of the environment.

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Design Principles for Secure Wireless Sensor Networks: Key Management Schemes and Malicious Attacks

10.21236/ada533169 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Faramarz Fekri ◽

E. Ayday ◽

R. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Key Management ◽

Design Principles ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Malicious Attacks ◽

Management Schemes

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MOBILITY MANAGEMENT SCHEMES FOR VEHICULAR NETWORKS

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Information Sciences ◽

10.21608/ijicis.2015.15757 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 61-82

Author(s):

N Mohammed ◽

H Mowafi ◽

S Abdel Mageid ◽

M Marai

Keyword(s):

Performance Analysis ◽

Mobility Management ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Management Schemes

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The Control of Pollution from River Discharges in the Mediterranean

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1986.0094 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 229-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khalil H. Mancy

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Nile Delta ◽

River Basin Management ◽

Management Plan ◽

Control Measures ◽

European Continent ◽

Marine Management ◽

Circulation Patterns ◽

Management Schemes ◽

The Mediterranean

The pollution burden of river discharges in the Mediterranean far exceeds all other sources, e.g. land based sources. The main contributors are the Rhone, Po and Ebro. Contributions from the River Nile are expected to be much less than those from rivers in the European continent. Recent Nile management schemes and irrigation projects in Egypt are posing direct impacts on the Mediterranean. This includes the erosion of the Nile Delta and off-shore pollution due to wastewater discharges. In view of the prevailing circulation patterns in the Mediterranean, these impacts are dominant in the South Levantin region. Cutrent practices of river management do not necessarily include the protection of marine resources. Similarly, sea protection programs do not include pollution from sources in the river basin. Marine management programs are largely concerned with pollution loads at the points of river discharge. In the case of a land-locked sea, such as the Mediterranean, it is particularly important to integrate river basin management schemes in the sea protection program. Under a suitable management plan, it could be possible to determine main sources of sea pollution within the river basin. This should serve as the basis for the implementation of control measures, since the problem is not exclusively within the river basin.

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Fishery Logistics Insurance Management Schemes

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.773 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6-7 ◽

pp. 773-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Ling Wang

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Insurance Contract ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Supply Chain Risk ◽

Exact Probability ◽

Supply Chain Contract ◽

High Expectations ◽

Management Schemes ◽

Contract Signing ◽

Risk Insurance

The intense competition of global markets and consumers' high expectations forced enterprises to invest and concentrate on the relationship with their customers and suppliers. The growing interest in supply chain management, both in developed and developing countries in the fisheries. With the catastrophic events in the fisheries supply chain, the diversity of the fisheries risk and insurance issues become increasingly important. However, participants in the supply chain is a separate and independent economic entities, and only consider their own interests. In this article, the fisheries supply chain insurance contract on the basis of the model and the diversity of the fisheries risk and insurance policy issues, the behavior of each participant. In this article, the diversity of the fisheries supply chain risk and insurance process, the lack of sufficient knowledge of the fisheries supply chain contract signing or the exact probability of the insured event, the fisheries supply chain risk insurance companies use the information provided by the fisheries supply chain contract signature the signing of the contract or the behavior of the fisheries supply chain insurers of people insured or fisheries supply chain and fisheries supply chain in order to establish the parameters of the insurance contract of the fisheries supply chain.

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Perception and Willingness to Maintain Continuity of Care by Parents of Children with Asthma in Taiwan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3600

Author(s):

Christy Pu ◽

Yu-Chen Tseng ◽

Gau-Jun Tang ◽

Yen-Hsiung Lin ◽

Chien-Heng Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Continuity Of Care ◽

Care Providers ◽

Exact Matching ◽

Extra Effort ◽

Referral Management ◽

Children With Asthma ◽

Outpatient Departments

To investigate caregivers’ attitudes toward continuity of care (COC) and their willingness to maintain continuity for their children with asthma under a national health insurance (NHI) system without strict referral management. We sampled 825 individuals from six pediatric outpatient departments in different parts of Taiwan from 2017 to 2018. We used a contingent valuation with a payment card method. Post-stratification weighting adjustment and coarsened exact matching were utilized. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare the willingness to pay and spend extra time maintaining continuity by parents. More than 80% of caregivers in the asthma group believed having a primary pediatrician was important for children’s health. Only 27.5% and 15.8% of caregivers in the asthma and control groups, respectively, believed changing pediatricians would negatively affect therapeutic outcomes. Regression analysis showed that the predicted willingness to pay for the asthma and non-asthma groups were NT$508 (SD = 196) and NT$402 (SD = 172), respectively, and there was a significant positive dose–response relationship between household income and willingness to pay for maintaining health care provider continuity. Caregivers’ free choices among health care providers may reduce willingness to spend extra effort to maintain high COC. Caregivers should be educated on the importance of COC.

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