Verbal Expression and Mother’s Desperation about Their Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Parents who have children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are challenging because these children are special and need special treatment. Because they are challenging, parents need support from their inner or outer circle. One of the strategies to get a support is by expressing what they feel. Feelings can be expressed in various ways, verbal and non-verbal. It can be in a non-formal situation like having a conversation in a community or a home environment. Thus, this research aims to describe the verbal expressions and desperation of the mothers to raise their children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This research uses phenomenological method called Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) because this study focuses on interpretive processes in understanding participants’ experiences ideographically. 25 participants are observed and interviewed in-depth regarding their experiences in raising their children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The participants’ verbal expression of desperation are classified into seven themes: Repeating the same instruction or warning over and over, Being different and isolated, Mess things up in the house, Could not stay still and unpredictable, Aggressiveness, irritation and tantrums, Extra effort for visual learner, Child lacks of motivation. The results show that the feeling of desperation persistently happened because it is difficult to understand the characteristics of a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The also admit that it is difficult to make normal children and mothers to accept their circumstances. Meanwhile, other participants state that they seek more information and knowledge about ADHD by joining a community to get help or support psychologically and medically, practice and more practice at home in order to help their children grow better.

EXPLORING METACOGNITIVE READING STRATEGIES USED BY LOW AND HIGH PROFICIENCY FORM THREE ESL STUDENTS

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the metacognitive reading strategies used by low and high proficiency Form Three ESL (English as Second Language) students and highlight suitable strategies that can be exposed to the low proficiency students. Methodology: To serve the purpose of this research, an explanatory sequential mixed method design was used. As for the sampling, purposive sampling was employed in this study. The respondents were drawn from two Form Three classes in the selected secondary school in Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia. There were twenty-four boys and thirty-six girls. They were all fifteen years old and represented three main ethnic groups which are Malays, Indians and Chinese. The number of respondents was equally the same for both groups; 30 from the low proficiency group and 30 from the high proficiency group. Findings: The data gathered in this study revealed that the most popular metacognitive reading strategy among the respondents is self-evaluation. In addition, the most significant difference between the high and low proficiency students is that the latter employed fewer metacognitive reading strategies than the former. Furthermore, through the findings, this research also suggested the metacognitive reading strategies suitable for the low proficiency students; advanced organization, selective attention, self-management, directed attention and monitoring. Contributions: This research aids the teachers in adapting their instructions and putting extra effort into training students, especially low proficiency students, to use suitable metacognitive reading strategies. Keywords: Low proficiency students, high proficiency students, purposive sampling, metacognitive reading strategies, explanatory sequential mixed method design. Cite as: Jeevaratnam, J. A., & Stapa, M. (2022). Exploring metacognitive reading strategies used by low and high proficiency form three ESL students. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 335-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp335-365

Implications of updated protocol for classification of childhood malnutrition and service delivery in world’s largest refugee camp amid this COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the authorities made a change in the classification of malnutrition and concomitant service delivery protocol among the Rohingya children, residing in world’s largest refugee camp, located in Bangladesh. In this paper, we discussed the potential implications of this updated protocol on the malnutrition status among children from the Rohingya camp. Design: This paper reviewed relevant literature and authors’ own experience to provide a perspective of the updated protocol for the classification of malnutrition among the children in the Rohingya camps and its implication from a broader perspective. Setting: Rohingya refugee camps, Bangladesh Participants: Children aged less than five years residing in the Rohingya camps. Results: Major adaptation during this COVID-19 was discontinuation of using weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) and use of only MUAC and presence of edema for admission, follow up and discharge of malnourished children in camps. However, evidence suggest that use of MUAC only can underestimate the prevalence of malnutrition among the children in Rohingya camps. These apparently non-malnourished children are devoid of the rations that they would otherwise receive if classified as malnourished, making them susceptible to more severe malnutrition. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that policymakers should consider using the original protocol of using both MUAC and WHZ to classify malnutrition and retain the guided ration size. We also believe that it would not take an extra effort to adopt the original guideline as even with MUAC only guideline, certain health measures needed to adopt during this pandemic.

The genus Diaphanosoma (Diplostraca: Sididae) in Greece: morphological and molecular assessment

For the genus Diaphanosoma Fischer (Cladocera) the species’ name “D. brachyurum” has been widely used for many decades to identify other species belonging to this genus. To clarify the diversity of the genus in Greek lakes in the present study, we morphologically and genetically identified the Diaphanosoma species occurring in eight lakes. Three hundred twenty-nine Diaphanosoma individuals were morphologically examined, while for the genetic analyses the mtDNA COI gene was sequenced in 48 individuals. Combining the morphological and genetic results, we verified the occurrence of D. mongolianum, D. orghidani and D. macedonicum in our study area. We could not confirm prior records of D. brachyurum and D. lacustris while we provide the molecular identity of D. macedonicum. Furthermore, we highlight the need to check whether the European D. mongolianum populations are characterised of mitochondrial discordance and hybridization as the individuals from the Asian type locality of the species. Our results support the importance of combining both approaches to correctly identify taxonomic species, despite the extra effort and cost during the sample analysis.

Contemporary customized clothes using folk motifs

More and more consumers are attracted to fashion brands that make an extra effort to offer them personalized experiences. The unique details, as well as the complexity of the decorative elements of the folk costume inspire the fashion designers to return to the folk motifs, which they reinterpret and resize while integrating them in the contemporary space, offering models adapted to the customers’ tastes, sizes and preferences and at the same time to make mass customization a profitable production. This study addresses the issue of personalizing clothing items with folk motifs. In order to collect information on consumer satisfaction regarding the use of folk motifs in contemporary clothing, an online survey about the clothing available on the market and about personalized clothes with folk motifs was developed and applied. The survey was applied to a number of 548 respondents from Romania, Bulgaria, Canada and Spain. To determine the correlation between the answers to the questions for the four countries and to analyse the answers in each country, the PCA method was used. Based on the answers to the survey, certain motifs from the folk costumes were selected, reinterpreted in a modern way and inserted in two fabric patterns. The fabrics were produced on a Loom Jacquard SMIT Textile GS900.

Comparison on the Effectiveness of Modular Learning in General Mathematics among the Senior High School Strands

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of modular learning among senior high school strands and investigate the influence of students’ demographic profiles on their academic performances. Using One Way ANOVA, results showed a significant difference in the test scores obtained from the different strands. Results with Tukey HSD revealed that ABM performed best under modular learning, followed by STEM, GAS, ATS, and EIM, respectively. Pearson’s r revealed a significant correlation between student’s sex, monthly income, and parents’ employment status to students’ academic performance. Furthermore, the z test for two means determined that there was a significant difference in the scores of males and females. From these results, the researcher suggests that teachers handling TVL tracks must exert extra effort in delivering their mathematics lessons to close the gap in academic performance with the students from academic tracks.

The effortful and invisible cost of repairing speech misperceptions by individuals who use cochlear implants

PurposeSpeech recognition percent-correct scores fail to capture the effort of mentally repairing the perception of speech that was initially misheard. This study includes two experiments to simulate and measure the effort of this experience of mental repair, from the perspective of both listener and talker.MethodsCochlear implant (CI) listeners heard and repeated sentences where single words were distorted or masked by noise, but recoverable based on later context – a signature of mental repair. Changes in pupil dilation were tracked as an index of effort and time-locked with specific landmarks during perception. Later, audio recordings of the participants’ responses were played for outside observers who judged whether they thought the CI user mentally repaired a word.ResultsEffort significantly increases when a listener needs to repair a misperceived word, even if the verbal response is ultimately correct. That increased effort lasts longer for CI users than for listeners with normal hearing. There was no success in detecting that effort by nearly 200 external observers including audiologists and others who profess to have experience and skill in conversing with people who have hearing loss. Mental repair of words in a sentence were accompanied by greater prevalence of errors elsewhere in the same sentence, suggesting that effort spreads to consume resources across time. ConclusionsListening effort is better explained by the mental repair and reconstruction of words rather than the appearance of correct or incorrect perception. Linguistic coherence drives effort more heavily than the mere presence of mistakes, highlighting the importance of effort that cannot be tracked with individual words or digits. However, an external observer is not able to reliably detect that extra effort in the listener’s voice.

Stakeholder Participation in Growing Spirit of Saving for Children in Beji Timur, Depok

In line with the Indonesian money-saving campaign, community service activities were carried out to foster interest in money-saving among kindergarten students in Beji Timur, Depok. These activities had been carried out since the end of March and ended in June 2021 as the culmination of the theme “Ayo Menabung”(let's save money), with the target audience of Raudhatul Athfal Toufiqurrahman students. The community service partner was BRI Agroniaga Depok Branch which provided facilities for opening student saving accounts and sponsoring other educational activities. A total of 32 saving accounts had been realized, and in June 2021, the peak of the “Ayo Menabung” event was held in the form of the practice of money deposit in a bank. Each student has an account opened with an initial deposit of IDR.20,000, then in the practice of saving, each student was given IDR.200,000 to be deposited in their accounts. During the evaluation period, another IDR.30,000 was added, so that each student had a total saving of IDR.250,000. As a continuation, the children would maintain their savings account independently, facilitated through a pick-up service from the bank, supported by motivation from parents and teachers to keep the children's consistency in saving money. Because it was still in a pandemic situation, bank tellers or customer service staffs would come to school to serve the children practicing money deposit. Through this community service, the children got new knowledge about banking and the benefits of savings. In addition, it also provided financial knowledge to the parents and teachers. There was almost no significant problem in the implementation of the service activities, except for the constraints more related to the Covid-19 pandemic so that there was a necessary extra effort for activities to coordinate related parties. The commitment and participation of stakeholders in information dissemination and actualization of student money-saving practices can foster a culture of money-savings while the collaboration creates a mechanism to ensure sustainable money-saving habit among children.

Gesture in the eye of the beholder: An eye-tracking study on factors determining the attention for gestures produced by people with aphasia

Co-speech hand gestures are a ubiquitous form of nonverbal communication, which can express additional information that is not present in speech. Hand gestures may become more relevant when speech production is impaired as in patients with post-stroke aphasia. In fact, patients with aphasia produce more gestures than control speakers. Further, their gestures seem to be more relevant for the understanding of their communication. In the present study, we addressed the question whether the gestures produced by speakers with aphasia catch the attention of their addressees. Healthy volunteers (observers) watched short video clips while their eye movements were recorded. These video clips featured speakers with aphasia and control speakers describing two different scenarios (buying a sweater or having witnessed an accident). Our results show that hand gestures produced by speakers with aphasia are on average longer attended than gestures produced by control speakers. This effect is significant even when we control for the longer duration of the gestural movements in speakers with aphasia. Further, the amount of information in speech was correlated with gesture attention: gestures produced by speakers with less informative speech were attended more frequently. In conclusion, our results highlight two main points. First, overt attention for co-speech hand gesture increases with their communicative relevance. Second, these findings have clinical implications because they show that the extra effort that speakers with aphasia put into gesture is worthwhile, as interlocutors seem to notice their gestures.

Cognitive performance in pain is predicted by effort, not goal desire

Background Pain’s disruptive effects on cognition are well documented. The seminal goal-pursuit account of pain suggests that cognitive disruption is less likely if participants are motivated to attended to a focal goal and not a pain goal. Objectives Existing theory is unclear about the conceptualisation and operationalisation of ‘focal goal’. This study aims to clarify how goals should be conceptualised and further seeks to test the theory of the goal-pursuit account. Methods In a pre-registered laboratory experiment, 56 participants completed an arithmetic task in high-reward/low-reward and pain/control conditions. Pain was induced via cold-water immersion. Results High levels of reported effort exertion predicted cognitive-task performance, whereas desire for rewards did not. Post-hoc analyses further suggest that additional effort in the pain condition compensated for pain’s disruptive effects, but when this extra effort was not exerted, performance deficits were observed in pain, compared to control, conditions. Conclusion Results suggest that ‘motivation’, or commitment to a focal goal, is best understood as effort exertion and not as a positive desire to achieve a goal. These results solidify existing theory and aid researchers in operationalising these constructs.