Healthcare hackathons: fostering medical education through innovation in a developing country: a case study from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Waqaas Akmal Butt ◽  
Qurratulain Shahood ◽  
Walid Hussain Farooqi ◽  
Kulsoom Ghias ◽  
Saniya Sabzwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Education ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Alternative Teaching ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundHackathons aim to develop solutions to preidentified problem domains and catalyse startup cultures. Recently, the teaching and learning potential of hackathons has also been documented. In this study, we make the case for utilisation of hackathons as an alternative teaching and learning tool geared towards entrepreneurship and as an opportunity for interprofessional integration.MethodsThis research study followed up with participants from the third hackathon at the Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan. Hack MedEd was about solutions to problems of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education with an emphasis on low-income to middle-income countries. Participant evaluation data were filled at the end of the hackathon and gathered from three focused group discussions (FGDs): immediately before and after the event, a delayed follow-up after 11 months was recorded.ResultsOf 116 participants, the majority (71%) were under 30 years old, and over half were female. The evaluations provided by hackers were positive overall with a mean score of 4.37 out of 5 on a Likert Scale. During the FGDs, participants spoke positively of the process and felt that, by the end of the hackathon, they had learnt something new. In the delayed follow-up FGD, teams that had undergone incubation expressed that they had gained a critical and simple skillset that they might not have acquired otherwise.ConclusionHackathons business incubation programmes may be considered an alternative teaching and learning tool—especially for individuals studying or working within the healthcare discipline within low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Innovations in medical education in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s23-s29
Author(s):  
David B Duong ◽  
Tom Phan ◽  
Nguyen Quang Trung ◽  
Bao Ngoc Le ◽  
Hoa Mai Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Medical Education Reform ◽  
Crucial Component

Medical education reforms are a crucial component to ensuring healthcare systems can meet current and future population needs. In 2010, a Lancet commission called for ‘a new century of transformative health professional education’, with a particular focus on the needs of low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Vietnam. This requires policymakers and educational leaders to find and apply novel and innovative approaches to the design and delivery of medical education. This review describes the current state of physician training in Vietnam and how innovations in medical education curriculum, pedagogy and technology are helping to transform medical education at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It also examines enabling factors, including novel partnerships and new education policies which catalysed and sustained these innovations. Our review focused on the experience of five public universities of medicine and pharmacy currently undergoing medical education reform, along with a newly established private university. Research in the area of medical education innovation is needed. Future work should look at the outcomes of these innovations on medical education and the quality of medical graduates. Nonetheless, this review aims to inspire future innovations in medical education in Vietnam and in other LMICs.

scholarly journals Evaluating medical education regulation changes in Brazil: workforce impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Medeiros Figueiredo ◽  
Danette Waller McKinley ◽  
Adriano Massuda ◽  
George Dantas Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Shortages and inequitable distribution of physicians is an obstacle to move towards Universal Health Coverage, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. In Brazil, expansion of medical school enrollment, curricula changes and recruitment programs were established to increase the number of physicians in underserved areas. This study seeks to analyze the impact of these measures in reduce inequities in access to medical education and physicians’ distribution. Methods This is an observational study that analyzes changes in the number of undergraduate medical places and number of physicians per inhabitants in different areas in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2018. Data regarding the number of undergraduate medical places, number and the practice location of physicians were obtained in public databases. Municipalities with less than 20,000 inhabitants were considered underserved areas. Data regarding access to antenatal visits were analyzed as a proxy for impact in access to healthcare. Results From 2010 to 2018, 19,519 new medical undergraduate places were created which represents an increase of 120.2%. The increase in the number of physicians engaged in the workforce throughout the period was 113,702 physicians, 74,771 of these physicians in the Unified Health System. The greatest increase in the physicians per 1000 inhabitants ratio in the municipalities with the smallest population, the lowest Gross Domestic Product per capita and in those located in the states with the lowest concentration of physicians occurred in the 2013–2015 period. Increase in physician supply improved access to antenatal care. Conclusions There was an expansion in the number of undergraduate medical places and medical workforce in all groups of municipalities assessed in Brazil. Medical undergraduate places expansion in the federal public schools was more efficient to reduce regional inequities in access to medical education than private sector expansion. The recruitment component of More Doctors for Brazil Program demonstrated effectiveness to increase the number of physicians in underserved areas. Our results indicate the importance of public policies to face inequities in access to medical education and physician shortages and the necessity of continuous assessment during the period of implementation, especially in the context of political and economic changes.

scholarly journals The Association of Knowledge, Attitudes and Access with Park Use before and after a Park-Prescription Intervention for Low-Income Families in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooshin Razani ◽  
Nancy K. Hills ◽  
Doug Thompson ◽  
George W. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Perceived Access

We conducted secondary data analyses of pooled data from a clinical trial that prescribed park visits to children and their caregivers in a low-income, urban setting. Data were collected at the prescribing visit (baseline) and at one and three months of follow up from 78 families. Family characteristics were identified at baseline; regression models were used to explore changes during follow up in associations of park use with knowledge, attitudes and perceived access to parks. At baseline, park users differed from non-users in demographics, knowledge of park locations, attitudes about the value of park visits, but not affinity for nature. Park users were also more likely than non-users to feel that their neighborhood was safe for children to play in. Changes in knowledge of park locations, nature affinity, and perceived access to parks were each significantly associated with increased park use by families at one and three months after the park prescription. Adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty, and US birth, increases in knowing the location of parks were associated with an increase of 0.27 weekly park visits (95% CI 0.05, 0.49; p = 0.016); increases in feeling a caregiver had money to visit parks were associated with 0.48 more weekly park visits (95% CI 0.28, 0.69; p < 0.001); increases in perceived money for park outings were associated with 0.24 increased park visits per week (95% CI 0.05, 0.42; p = 0.01); each unit increase in nature affinity was associated with 0.34 more weekly park visits (95% CI 0.09, 0.59; p = 0.007). In other words, knowing where to go, valuing nature, and having time, and money contributed to increased likelihood of visiting a park. We discuss in terms of health behavior theory how demographics, knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers to park use can inform park prescription interventions.

Evaluation of a Group Programme for Parents of Problem Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Scott ◽  
S. G. Stradling
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
Child Behaviour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Child Behaviour Problems ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Group Programme

A behaviourally based Programme was developed to assist parents with problem children. The Programme was intended for the typical social service clientele of single parent, low income or state benefit families and may be administered by social workers or assistants conversant with the Programme Manual. The Programme consists of six 90 min sessions run at weekly intervals during which a variety of behavioural techniques are taught, largely through role play, with a seventh follow up session a month later.The Programme was evaluated by a range of before and after measures on both a treatment group and a waiting list control group and maintenance of treatment gains was tested at three and, for some measures, six months interval. The Programme significantly reduced: the perceived number and intensity of child behaviour problems; parental depression, inward irritability and outward irrirability; and the level of perceived chlid conduct problems, impulsivity and anxiety. It significantly improved parents' chlid management skills. Improvement in parental depression and irritability was maintained at three months and reduction in chlid beviour problems was tested for and found at both three and six months.

scholarly journals To Play or Not To Play: Leveraging Video in Medical Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Hurtubise ◽  
Bryan Martin ◽  
Anne Gilliland ◽  
John Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Attitude Formation ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Copyright Laws

Abstract While video is a powerful teaching and learning tool because it can influence knowledge, skills, and attitude formation effectively and reach learners with various learning and communication styles, there are pedagogical, technical, and copyright considerations. Instructors must know sources of appropriate videos, select effective video segments, apply various strategies for incorporating video triggers into the overall educational process, refine the message, overcome technological obstacles, and comply with copyright laws. One might ask, “Is using video triggers to improve your teaching worth it?” “Yes!” Numerous studies demonstrate that using video in many medical education settings supports and enhances learning and offers a bigger advantage in contrast with traditional methods.

scholarly journals Extending the use of the conceptions of learning and teaching (COLT) instrument to the postgraduate setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Pacifico ◽  
Walther van Mook ◽  
Jeroen Donkers ◽  
Johanna C. G. Jacobs ◽  
Cees van der Vleuten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Education ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Clinical Faculty ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Learning And Teaching

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that conceptions of teachers on teaching and learning can influence the teaching practices and behavior in higher education. This association is also found in undergraduate medical education but not yet established in postgraduate medical setting. An instrument, Conceptions of Learning and Teaching (COLT) was developed to measure conception of teachers in undergraduate medical education. COLT is a 3-factor 18-item questionnaire. The objective of this study is to evaluate if COLT is valid for postgraduate medical education. Methods We invited postgraduate clinical faculty from 3 hospitals in the Netherlands to fill out the COLT. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were performed to evaluate the fit of the postgraduate clinical faculty data to the COLT. Analysis of variance was done to evaluate if there was difference among the 3 hospitals in terms of the response by the clinical faculty. Results Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the postgraduate faculty data had a 2 factor structure after removal of five items. These factors were Teacher Centeredness (TC) and combined Appreciation of Active Learning and Orientation to Professional Practice (A-P) and were considered as comparable to the factors in the original COLT, expressing the post-graduate learning and teaching setting. As several items were removed, the fit was suboptimal, yet did suggest validity for use of the COLT for postgraduate medical education. Conclusion The modified COLT can be used to measure conceptions of teaching and learning in postgraduate medical education. We recommend further study to improve the factor structure of the modified COLT.

scholarly journals Designing Strategy of Indonesia Port Car Terminal Based on Analysis of Profitability Ratio Before And After the IPO

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Hanif Insan Ilman ◽  
Endang Chumaidiyah ◽  
Rita Zulbetti
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
T Test ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Profitability Ratios ◽  
Paired T Test

<p class="02abstracttext">Indonesia has managed to get out of the low-income zone and into the middle-income zone. However, Indonesia still has a challenge that is to get out of the middle-income trap zone. These challenges must be resolved by improving the performance of BUMN. Indonesia Port Center Terminal is one of the BUMN subsidiary companies precisely a subsidiary of Indonesia Port Center II (Persero). The purpose of the study was to determine differences in performance indicators before and after the IPO in profitability ratios, namely ROA, ROE, OPM, and NPM and recommendations for performance improvement strategies. The data obtained is based on the 2016-2019 financial statements and questionnaires to expert judgment. The method used is the Wilcoxon Paired t-Test, AHP, and SWOT test. The results of the Wilcoxon Paired t-Test test before and after the IPO were no difference. The results of the company's SWOT analysis are in the position of quadrant I (strength and opportunities). The recommended strategy applied in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy that prioritizes the strengths and opportunities of the company.</p>

scholarly journals Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone as Initial Therapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma in a Middle-Income Country: 7-Year Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 1199-1205
Author(s):  
Jule Vasquez ◽  
Rossana Ruiz ◽  
Karina Aliaga ◽  
Fernando Valencia ◽  
Marco Villena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Common Adverse Event ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Middle Income

PURPOSE Major progress has occurred in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment in recent years, but this is not seen in low- and middle-income countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively assessed the efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 for 5 days, thalidomide 100 mg once daily, if tolerated, and dexamethasone 40 mg once weekly; in 28-day cycles) in patients with newly diagnosed MM treated at our institution between April 2008 and December 2012. Survival outcomes were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were found to meet the selection criteria. Median age was 56 years (27-78). Fifty-nine percent (n = 35) were male. International Staging System three was found in 24%. The median number of treatment cycles was 11 (range 4-12). After a median of 81-month follow-up (range 5-138 months), the overall response rate was 69.5%. The complete response and very good partial response were 5% and 32%, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 35 months (95% CI, 18 to 41). The 3-year PFS was 47.4% (95% CI, 34.5 to 59.6) and 5-year PFS was 24.9% (95% CI, 14.4 to 36.9). The median of overall survival (OS) was 81 months (95% CI, 33 to not reached). The 3-year OS was 63.4% (95% CI, 49.2 to 74.6), and 5-year OS was 57.5% (95% CI, 43.2 to 69.4). The most common adverse event was neutropenia (grade 3 and 4, 30.5%). Out of 23 patients eligible for stem-cell transplantation, 10 (43.5%) proceeded with autologous transplantation. Treatment-related deaths occurred in four patients (6.7%). CONCLUSION Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone achieves good response rates with tolerable toxicity, especially in patients age 65 years or younger representing a feasible approach for patients with MM in low-income health care settings.

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