scholarly journals Is there evidence that the yearly numbers of children newly certified with sight impairment in England and Wales has increased between 1999/2000 and 2014/2015? A cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catey Bunce ◽  
Antra Zekite ◽  
Richard Wormald ◽  
Richard Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Routine Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Retinal Dystrophies ◽  
Sight Loss ◽  
Service Departments

ObjectivesTo use routine data capture from hospitals in England and Wales to identify whether there has been an increase in the annual numbers of children newly certified sight impaired in England and Wales between 1999/2000 and 2014/2015 and to examine causes of certifiable sight impairment in children certified in 2014/2015.DesignA cross-sectional study including an analysis of all certificates of vision impairment completed in hospitals in England and Wales each year between 2007/2008 and 2014/2015 and all certificates completed in hospitals in England and Wales in 1999/2000.ParticipantsCertificates for all individuals aged 16 years or less at the time of certification in England and Wales for each financial year between 1 April 2007 and the 31 March 2015 and for individuals aged 15 years or less for the year ending 31 March 2000. We obtained information on the main cause of certifiable sight loss for all children certified in 2014/2015. We estimated crude and sex specific incidence estimates with 95% confidence intervals computed by Byars method.ResultsIn 1999/2000, the estimated incidence (95 % CI) of certification was 8.2 (7.7 to 8.8) per 1 00 000. In 2007/2008, the estimated incidence was statistically significantly higher at 10.1 (9.5 to 10.7). Since then a trend of increasing incidence with time has been observed until 2014/2015 when an estimated incidence of 13.3 (12.6 to 14.0) was observed. Hereditary retinal dystrophies, cerebral visual impairment and nystagmus were the most common single causes of certifiable sight impairment in children in 2014/2015.ConclusionOur findings show that in England and Wales there has been an increase in the number of children newly certified sight impaired by consultant ophthalmologists since 1999/2000. This mirrors our previous findings based on data originating within social service departments.

scholarly journals Tooth Loss and Its Association With Frequency of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Yemeni Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Shamala ◽  
Ebtesam Al-Maimooni ◽  
Salsbeel Al-Matari ◽  
Ryhana Hiyat ◽  
Mohammed Al-wesabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Backgrounds: The present study sought to assess tooth loss and oral hygiene practices among a sample of Yemeni women in association with giving births (parity).Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 644 Yemeni women. They were interviewed to gather socio-demographic (age, education, number of children) and behavioral data (oral hygiene practices, khat chewing and smoking). Additionally, they were examined clinically to assess number of tooth loss. Data were analyzed using SPSS with a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The participating women aged between 16 and 51 years. Only one fifth of the sample reported brushing their teeth regularly (i.e, at least once a day), and around 36.8% reported using dental aids occasionally. Additionally, 52% and 21% of the sample reported they were khat chewers and smokers, respectively. The mean number of tooth loss was 4.7. The mean number of children was 4.15, with approximately 54% of the participating women had more than 3 children. The results of the logistic regression revealed a significant association between number of children and tooth loss. Conclusion: Yemeni women had poor oral hygiene practices and high prevalence of tooth loss increased proportionally with the increased number of children. This emphasizes the importance of an effective oral hygiene motivation and health education among female patients during pregnancy periods.

scholarly journals IS SPIRITUALITY HELPING TO OVERCOME ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND MENTAL STRESS AMONG BLIND ADOLESCENTS? : A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF A BLIND SCHOOL, MEERUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Anuradha Davey ◽  
Kaynat Nasser ◽  
Sanjeev Davey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Coping Ability ◽  
The Impact

Background Vision impairment can extend from no vision – visual impairment – or exceptionally low vision to not having the option to see specific hues. Serious vision misfortune or visual deficiency can influence your kid's development and learning. Early mediation can enable your kid to contact his maximum capacity. Otherworldliness gives an individual a feeling of rising above their prompt conditions and an intrapersonal development of direction and importance for their own life, with an inward feeling of association and trust in their own interior assets. Objective The goals of this study were to examine the impact of spirituality on both coping skills and vision-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the effect of psychological manifestations among Sparsh Govt. Blind Inter College, Partapur Meerut. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted and purposive sampling was used. Percentages and chi square test was used to find the most common and association of different psychological manifestations. Result In our study, 13.8% had depression of varying degree. The most common psychological manifestation was anxiety (46.7%) among them and 11.7% of students were feeling stress in their life. Students with depression and stress affected coping ability while stress had no affect Conclusion It was found in the study that spirituality was positively associated with coping ability and hence with general mental health. Moreover, spirituality was associated significantly with vision-specific HRQOL. The results showed that spirituality played a mediating role in the linkage between vision impairment and general mental health among adolescents of Sparsh Govt. Blind Inter College, Partapur, Meerut.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of High Fertility Status among Women of Reproductive Age in Wonago District, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Medhin Girmay Reda ◽  
Girma Tenkolu Bune ◽  
Mohammed Feyisso Shaka
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Fertility Status

Background. High fertility remains one of the most important public health issues hampering the health and welfare of mothers and the survival of their children in developing nations. In Ethiopia, the high fertility rate has been seen for a long historical period with some pocket areas of high fertility still showing poor improvement. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the magnitude of high fertility status (number of children ever born alive≥5) and associated factors among women of the reproductive age group in Wonago district. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 512 women in Wonago district. Data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then analyzed by SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data, and the adjusted odds ratio with the 95% confidence interval was computed, and a significant association was declared at p value ≤ 0.05. Result. This study revealed that 354 (69.1%) of the respondents have high fertility. High fertility is independently associated with residing in rural area [AOR=4.88, 95% CI: 3.21, 7.86], desire for children [AOR=6.97, 95% CI: 3.24, 11.40], history of under-five child mortality [AOR =5.32, 95% CI: 2.59, 8.43], poor knowledge of contraception [AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.66, 4.04], and low wealth tertile [AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.58]. On the other hand, women with age at first birth above 18 years [AOR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.68] and those with birth interval≥24 months [AOR=0, 26, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.49] were less likely to have high fertility. Conclusion and Recommendation. The substantial number of women in the study area has high fertility status far away from the country’s costed implementation plan of reducing the total fertility rate to 3.0. Considering these, much is needed to be done among poor, rural residents, who have not yet attained their desired number of children, and on enhancing the knowledge of mothers towards contraceptive methods.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on determinants of immunization coverage in urban area Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2309
Author(s):  
D. P. Lakshmi Priya ◽  
P. Kalyani ◽  
B. Sindhu Bala
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children

Background: Immunization is one of the cost effective measures preventing approximately 2 to 3 million deaths in young children every year. Inspite of the progress in vaccination coverage challenges still remain for underserved and inaccessible children. It is therefore essential to evaluate the immunization coverage at periodic intervals and improve coverage in vulnerable areas.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 children aged 12 to 42 months in urban Chidambaram from September to October 2018. We collected details regarding immunization from vaccination card or mother’s recall. A pretested semi-structured proforma was used to collect sociodemographic variables. Data were collected, compiled and tabulated using microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version.Results: Complete immunization coverage was 80.3% and 19.7% were partially immunized. Lack of awareness is the major reason for failure of full immunization (63.3%). Immunization coverage was higher when parents studied up to higher secondary or graduates (mother 91.3%, father 87.5%, p value 0.01), father do skilled jobs (91.9%, p value 0.02), among first birth ordered children (88.3%, p value 0.01), children born in healthcare facility and among mothers who received antenatal care during pregnancy (80.8% each, p value 0.04).Conclusions: Lack of awareness, parents’ literacy and occupation, place of birth, antenatal services and number of children in the family are important determinants of immunisation coverage. Apart from strengthening of infrastructure for better delivery of mother and child health services other issues also need to be addressed for better immunization practices.

Need for pharmacological analgesia after cast immobilisation in children with bone fractures: an observational cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2020-210989
Author(s):  
Giorgio Cozzi ◽  
Luisa Cortellazzo Wiel ◽  
Anna Bassi ◽  
Manuela Giangreco ◽  
Daniela Dibello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Cast Immobilisation ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

BackgroundBone fractures are a common reason for children and adolescents to seek evaluation in the ED. Little is known about the pain experienced after cast immobilisation and discharge from the ED and its optimal management. We aimed to investigate the administration of pharmacological analgesia in the first days after cast immobilisation and to identify possible influencing variables.MethodsA prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the ED of the children’s hospital, Institute for Maternal and Child Health of Trieste, Italy, from October 2019 to June 2020. Patients aged 0–17 years with bone fractures were included. The primary outcome was the administration of analgesia during the 10 days following discharge, while secondary outcomes were the associated variables, including age, gender, fracture type and location, the mean limitation in usual activities and the frequency of re-evaluation at the ED for pain. Data were recorded through a questionnaire, completed by caregivers and collected by the researchers mainly through a telephone interview. The primary endpoint was evaluated as the ratio between the number of children who took at least one analgesic dose and the total enrolled children, while Χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess secondary outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period, 213 patients, mean age 10 years (IQR: 8–13), were enrolled. Among them, 137 (64.3%) did not take any analgesic during follow-up. Among children who were administered analgesia, 22 (28.9%) received it only on the first day, and 47 (61.8%) for less than 5 days. One hundred and sixty one patients (75.6%) did not report any limitation in usual activities because of pain. The administration of analgesia was not related to the child’s age, gender or fracture site. Displaced fractures were associated with significantly more frequent analgesia being taken (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 21.0).ConclusionAlthough some studies recommend scheduled analgesic treatment after discharge for bone fractures, this study would suggest analgesia on demand in children with non-displaced fractures, limiting scheduled analgesia to children with displaced fractures.

Determinants of long acting reversible contraceptive Utilization in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia-results from institutional based cross sectional study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asteray Assmie Ayenew ◽  
amlaku mulat a ◽  
toyiba hiyaru m
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive ◽  
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives

Abstract Background: Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa. Now a day, Adolescent sexual activity, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, high maternal mortality and poverty has become a major issue in Ethiopia. The prevalence of contraceptive utilization is slanted to short acting. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from public health facility in Bahir Dar City from April 1 to 30/2018. systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants and allocated to each public health institution proportionally. Data entry and analysis was made by using Epi info version 7 and SPSS versions 23 respectively. The association between the independent and outcome variables was first computed using bivariate analysis, p-value ≤0.25 was included into multivariable analysis. Finally, multivariable analyses were carried out with p-value≤ 0.05. Result: The overall utilization of long acting reversible contraception was 18.4%. Among the variables, desired number of children, women wish to have 0-3 number of children were 2.4times more likely to use long acting reversible contraceptives compared to those who want to have more than 4 children with (AOR=2.4:95%CI:1.22-4.8). Similarly, having good knowledge were found positively associated with long acting reversible contraceptive those who had good knowledge were 3 times (AOR=3:95%CI:1.52-5.9) more likely to utilize than those who had poor knowledge and also , favourable attitude were found to be positively associated with long acting reversible contraceptive methods utilization, women who had favourable attitude were 4.9 times more likely to utilize (AOR=4.9:95%CI:2.26-10.6) than those women’s who had unfavourable attitude. Conclusion: Utilization of long acting reversible contraceptive is low. Desired number of children, knowledge and attitude were determinant factors identified. So, Health education on long acting reversible contraceptives focusing on increasing women’s knowledge and attitude directed to women of reproductive age

scholarly journals Dating and relationship violence among 16–19 year olds in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study of victimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor Young ◽  
Catherine Turney ◽  
James White ◽  
Chris Bonell ◽  
Ruth Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
England And Wales
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