scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on medicinal products without commercial interest (MPWCI) in the Spanish market

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023054
Author(s):  
Emili Esteve Sala ◽  
Fátima Montes Barroso ◽  
Elvira Bel Prieto ◽  
Josep María Suñé Negre
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Authorisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Commercial Interest ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Active Substances

ObjectiveTo confirm that there is a defined group of products to be protected in the Spanish therapeutic arsenal known as ‘medicinal products without commercial interest’ (MPWCI) and propose the adoption of legal measures aimed at avoiding, or reducing, the lack of supply of said products.DesignA cross-sectional study of proposed MPWCI based on a survey. The Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS) was asked for a list of presentations of medicines in order to identify those whose lack could have an impact on welfare.SettingA search on the AEMPS website and a survey conducted among 44 companies belonging to Farmaindustria has allowed for the development of a proposal list of presentations that should continue to be marketed in Spain.ResultsProducts proposed as MPWCI are old (50% of them have an authorisation of more than 50 years) and are developed by active substances of chemical origin, parenterally administered much more frequently than the rest of the general market (44%vs6.6%, respectively). Unlike oral forms, injectable forms require adequate manufacturing facilities to guarantee the quality and sterility of the product, which naturally increases the cost of the product whose price is low or obsolete. The company experts have not valued the current price revisions as a sufficient enough mechanism to change the consideration of these medicines with respect to the interest on the part of some Marketing Authorisation Holders to maintain their commercialisation.ConclusionsAs shown in the results, an upward revision of prices is necessary to contribute to the permanence of these presentations in the market, although some experts do not consider the current price revisions satisfactory enough to maintain these presentations in the market. Therefore, a specific regulation seems necessary to ensure the continuity on the market of these proposed products.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors, and a cost-effectiveness evaluation of screening and preventive treatment strategies for latent tuberculosis among migrants in Singapore

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e050629
Author(s):  
Vanessa W Lim ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee ◽  
Phoebe Lee ◽  
Yijun Lin ◽  
Yi Roe Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesWHO recommends that low burden countries consider systematic screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in migrants from high incidence countries. We aimed to determine LTBI prevalence and risk factors and evaluate cost-effectiveness of screening and treating LTBI in migrants to Singapore from a government payer perspective.DesignCross-sectional study and cost-effectiveness analysis.SettingMigrants in Singapore.Participants3618 migrants who were between 20 and 50 years old, have not worked in Singapore previously and stayed in Singapore for less than a year were recruited.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCosts, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), threshold length of stay, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), cost per active TB case averted.ResultsOf 3584 migrants surveyed, 20.4% had positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results, with the highest positivity in Filipinos (33.2%). Higher LTBI prevalence was significantly associated with age, marital status and past TB exposure. The cost-effectiveness model projected an ICER of S$57 116 per QALY and S$12 422 per active TB case averted for screening and treating LTBI with 3 months once weekly isoniazid and rifapentine combination regimen treatment compared with no screening over a 50-year time horizon. ICER was most sensitive to the cohort’s length of stay in Singapore, yearly disease progression rates from LTBI to active TB, followed by the cost of IGRA testing.ConclusionsFor LTBI screening and treatment of migrants to be cost-effective, migrants from high burden countries would have to stay in Singapore for ~50 years. Risk-stratified approaches based on projected length of stay and country of origin and/or age group can be considered.

scholarly journals What is the Cost of Leptospirosis treatment in Jamaica? A Cross-sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Joneshia Bryan-Thomas ◽  
Kristen Collins ◽  
Jotham Omoregie ◽  
Annakay Levy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Costs of reusable and disposable aprons in a public teaching hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-921
Author(s):  
Paloma de Souza Cavalcante Pissinati ◽  
Maria do Carmo Lourenço Haddad ◽  
Mariana Ângela Rossaneis ◽  
Roseli Broggi Gil ◽  
Renata Aparecida Belei
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cost ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Cost

Objective To analyze the direct cost of reusable and disposable aprons in a public teaching hospital. Method Cross-sectional study of quantitative approach, focusing on the direct cost of reusable and disposable aprons at a teaching hospital in northern Paraná. The study population consisted of secondary data collected in reports of the cost of services, laundry, materials and supplies division of the institution for the year 2012 Results We identified a lower average cost of using disposable apron when compared to the reusable apron. The direct cost of reusable apron was R$ 3.06, and the steps of preparation and washing were mainly responsible for the high cost, and disposable apron cost was R$ 0.94. Conclusion The results presented are important for hospital managers properly allocate resources and manage costs in hospitals
.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Attitude towards a Mobile-Based Home Exercise Program among Stroke Survivors and Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amreen Mahmood ◽  
Vevita Blaizy ◽  
Aparajita Verma ◽  
Joel Stephen Sequeira ◽  
Dola Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Exercise Program ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Background. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and requires continued care after hospital discharge. Mobile-based interventions are suitable to reduce the cost of stroke rehabilitation and facilitate self-management among stroke survivors. However, before attempting to use mobile-based home exercise program, it is crucial to recognize the readiness of stroke survivors and their caregivers to opt for such interventions. Objective. To assess the acceptability and attitude towards a mobile-based home exercise program among stroke survivors and their primary caregivers. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 participants to understand their attitude and acceptability towards mobile-based home exercise program. A validated 10-item questionnaire was adapted for the study. The questions which assessed the attitude were rated on a three-point Likert scale, with three denoting agree and one denoting disagree. The acceptability was assessed by their willingness to opt for a mobile-based home program services. A Chi-square analysis and cross-tabulation were performed to test differences between caregivers and patients. A logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of age, gender, and mobile phone on acceptability. Results. Ninety-two percent of caregivers and 90% of patients showed willingness to opt for mobile-based intervention. Majority of the participants showed a positive attitude towards this mode of treatment. There was no difference in the attitude noted among caregivers and patients (p>0.05) towards mobile-based intervention. Conclusion. The stroke survivors and caregivers welcomed the concept of mobile-based home exercise program even in a low-resource settings, but further studies to understand treatment and cost-effectiveness of this technology among the stroke survivors would lead to better implementation.

scholarly journals Association between the Use of Alternative Medicine and Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perez-Sosa Abigail M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Cost

Background: Diabetes mellitus 2 (T2D) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in northern Mexico. Various treatments are used to control the disease; however, the cost of these and the difficulty of dietary management have as a consequence that the patient abandons them and looks for cheaper and easier-to-use alternatives. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of alternative medicine and adherence to medical treatment in patients with T2D. Design and Setting: Analytic cross-sectional study. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was designed between March and July 2019 including 464 patients with T2D from the family medicine unit #48 Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. We used the Morisky-Green scale for adherence to treatment and the use of Alternative Medicine (CAM) was evaluated with a holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. The Chi-Square test was used for comparison of proportions and risk factors were calculated using odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 53% of patients use CAM; biological therapy (herbs and supplements) is the most frequent (94%). The association between CAM use and adherence to medical treatment was 2.1 (95% CI 1.4-3.1, p= 0.001). The risk factors for the use of CAM were female sex, basic level education, uncontrolled disease and a time of evolution greater than 10 years. Conclusion: CAM users are 2.1 times more at risk of having a regular or bad adherence to medical treatment.

scholarly journals Contraceptive User’s Profile

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka R Gunardi
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost

Objective: To obtain informations regarding the profile of contraceptive users in Raden Saleh Clinic, Jakarta. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2012, at Raden Saleh Clinic, Jakarta. The study population was the patient who came to Raden Saleh Clinic from 2008 until 2011. Results: The mean age of the contraception users was 34.06 and the mean of their husband’s age was 38.91 years old. Most of the patients were graduated from senior high school (43.2%) and university (37.9%). More than half of the patients (55.2%) were not working and more than a half of their husband (53.2%) were private employee. Almost all (92.6%) of the patient were married. Most of the patient (38.8%) came with no prior contraception. After consultation, all patients had chosen their preferred contraceptive methods, namely IUD (61.4%), injectable contraception (20.9%), pill (13.7%), sterilization (3.4%), and implant (0.6%). Conclusion: Family planning reduces maternal mortality and the best method is different for each patient because of the difference in their own condition and the consideration of the cost and benefit. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 1-4:179-82] Keywords: contraception, contraceptive users profile

Omeprazole Prescription Habit

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Elham Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Prescription Error ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cost

The study aims is to examine the frequency of omeprazole prescription from all the prescriptions received by a pharmacist in a single day. Besides, the author examines the cost of dispensed omeprazole. This research is inspired by the fact that medication errors were the leading cause of severe physical injury and death to patients. Additionally, such preventable errors are also associated with intense financial, emotional as well as psychological stress to both healthcare providers and the healthcare organization in general. The study adopted a cross-sectional study through collecting as well as the screening of all the prescription orders undertaken in one day from 7:30 am to 1:45 pm. The research found that a prescription error leads to wastage of the resources with estimated annual cost of 336,415.56 for omeprazole as well as 431037.984 USD for ranitidine while at the same time necessitates the rational prescription habit to suppress the detrimental effects of omeprazole and ranitidine.

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