scholarly journals Investigation of an extensive outbreak of HIV infection among children in Sindh, Pakistan: protocol for a matched case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e036723
Author(s):  
Amna R Siddiqui ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
Syed H Abidi ◽  
Syed Faisal Mahmood ◽  
Iqbal Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionIn April 2019, 14 children were diagnosed with HIV infection by a private healthcare provider in Larkana district, Sindh province, Pakistan. Over the next 3 months, 930 individuals were diagnosed with HIV, >80% below 16 years, the largest ever outbreak of HIV in children in Pakistan. In this protocol paper, we describe research methods for assessing likely modes of HIV transmission in this outbreak and investigate spatial and molecular epidemiology.Methods and analysisA matched case–control study will be conducted with 406 cases recruited. Cases will be children aged below 16 years registered for care at the HIV treatment centre at Shaikh Zayed Children Hospital in Larkana City. Controls will be children who are HIV-uninfected (confirmed by a rapid HIV test) matched 1:1 by age (within 1 year), sex and neighbourhood. Following written informed consent from the guardian, a structured questionnaire will be administered to collect data on sociodemographic indices and exposure to risk factors for parenteral, vertical and sexual (only among those aged above 10 years) HIV transmission. A blood sample will be collected for hepatitis B and C serology (cases and controls) and HIV lineage studies (cases only). Mothers of participants will be tested for HIV to investigate the possibility of mother-to-child transmission. Conditional logistic regression will be used to investigate the association of a priori defined risk factors with HIV infection. Phylogenetic analyses will be conducted. Global positioning system coordinates of participants’ addresses will be collected to investigate concordance between the genetic and spatial epidemiology.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the Aga Khan University, Karachi. Study results will be shared with Sindh and National AIDS Control Programs, relevant governmental and non-governmental organisations, presented at national and international research conferences and published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality after spine surgery: a matched case-control study using a multicenter database

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Junichi Kushioka ◽  
Shota Takenaka ◽  
Takahiro Makino ◽  
Yusuke Sakai ◽  
Masafumi Kashii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

The Sociodemographic and Risk Factors for Keratoconus: Nationwide Matched Case-Control Study in Taiwan, 1998-2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Ken-Kuo Lin ◽  
Jiahn-Shing Lee ◽  
Chiun-Ho Hou ◽  
Wei-Min Chen ◽  
Ching-Hsi Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
N. Quraishi ◽  
U. Bhosale ◽  
R. Yegnanarayan ◽  
D. Devasthale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by student’s‘t’-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)  

scholarly journals Risk factors and outcomes of carbapenem-nonsusceptible Escherichia coli bacteremia: A matched case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jyun Chang ◽  
Po-Chang Hsu ◽  
Chien-Chang Yang ◽  
An-Jing Kuo ◽  
Ju-Hsin Chia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Risk factors for achilles tendon rupture: A matched case control study

Injury ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2342-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Noback ◽  
Eugene S. Jang ◽  
Derly O. Cuellar ◽  
Mani Seetharaman ◽  
Emiliano Malagoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study
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