scholarly journals Impact of parental socioeconomic status on offspring’s mental health: protocol for a longitudinal community-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e038409
Author(s):  
Muzi Li ◽  
Kieran J O'Donnell ◽  
Jean Caron ◽  
Carl D'Arcy ◽  
Xiangfei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Research Findings

IntroductionSocioeconomic status (SES) affects physical and mental health and cognitive functioning. The association between SES changes (SES mobility) and health has ethical and political implications in that the pernicious effects of inequality and the differential impact on social classes of economic and social policies. There is a lack of research conducted to explore the intergenerational transmission of parental SES changes on the offspring’s mental health and cognitive functioning. We aim to fill this gap and identify roles of parental SES changes in offspring’s mental health and cognitive outcomes.Methods and analysisThis study will be based on a longitudinal cohort from the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec. Participants and their biological offspring will be invited to this study. For those with informed consent, we will collect their information on mental health, psychiatric disorders, cognitive functioning and early life experiences for offspring. Latent class growth analysis will be used to identify parental SES mobility groups. Multivariate regression analyses will be used to explore the roles of early life stress, parental SES mobility and their interactions in psychiatric disorders and cognitive functioning. Subgroup analyses (males and females) are also planned.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been given ethical approval by the Research Ethics Board of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute (IUSMD-18/17). Each participant will provide informed consent on participation. We will disseminate research findings through publication in peer-reviewed academic journals and presentations at conferences. Lay summaries of major research findings will also be shared annually with our partners in the health system and community agencies located in the catchment area.

scholarly journals Functional Alterations and Cerebral Variations in Humans Exposed to Early Life Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. González-Acosta ◽  
Christian A. Rojas-Cerón ◽  
Efraín Buriticá
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
The Impact

Early life stress can be caused by acute or chronic exposure to childhood events, such as emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and neglect. Early stress is associated with subsequent alterations in physical and mental health, which can extend into adolescence, adulthood, and even old age. The effects of early stress exposure include alterations in cognitive, neuropsychological, and behavioral functions, and can even lead to the development of psychiatric disorders and changes in brain anatomy. The present manuscript provides a review of the main findings on these effects reported in the scientific literature in recent decades. Early life stress is associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders, mainly mood disorders such as depression and risk of suicide, as well as with the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder. At the neuropsychological level, the involvement of different mental processes such as executive functions, abstract reasoning, certain memory modalities, and poor school-skill performance has been reported. In addition, we identified reports of alterations of different subdomains of each of these processes. Regarding neuroanatomical effects, the involvement of cortical regions, subcortical nuclei, and the subcortical white matter has been documented. Among the telencephalic regions most affected and studied are the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Understanding the impact of early life stress on postnatal brain development is very important for the orientation of therapeutic intervention programs and could help in the formulation and implementation of preventive measures as well as in the reorientation of research targets.

Culture, Socioeconomic Status, and Physical and Mental Health in Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Dressler ◽  
Mauro Campos Balieiro ◽  
Jose Ernesto Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

scholarly journals Predictors of subjective versus objective cognitive functioning in patients with stable grades II and III glioma

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Gehring ◽  
Martin J.B. Taphoorn ◽  
Margriet M. Sitskoorn ◽  
Neil K. Aaronson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Health Factors

Abstract Background Studies in cancer and noncancer populations demonstrate lower than expected correlations between subjective cognitive symptoms and cognitive functioning as determined by standardized neuropsychological tests. This paper systematically examines the association between subjective and objective cognitive functioning in patients with low-grade glioma and the associations of these indicators of cognitive function with clusters of sociodemographic, clinical, and self-reported physical and mental health factors. Methods Multiple regression analyses with the subjective and 2 objective indicators of cognitive functioning as dependent variables and 4 clusters of predictor variables were conducted in 169 patients with predominantly low-grade glioma. Results Correlations between the subjective and the 2 objective cognitive indicators were negligible (0.04) to low (0.24). Objective cognitive deficits were predominantly associated with sociodemographic (older age, lower education, male sex) and clinical (left hemisphere tumor) variables, while lower ratings of subjective cognitive function were more closely related to self-reported mental health symptoms (fatigue, lower mental well-being), physical (motor) dysfunction and female sex. Self-reported communication deficits were associated significantly with both subjective and objective dysfunction. Conclusions We recommend that both subjective and objective measures of cognitive functioning, together with a measure of psychological distress, be used for comprehensive neuropsychological assessments of patients with glioma to determine which areas are most affected and which specific intervention strategies are most appropriate.

scholarly journals Influence of early life stress on later hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning and its covariation with mental health symptoms: A study of the allostatic process from childhood into adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Essex ◽  
Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff ◽  
Linnea R. Burk ◽  
Paula L. Ruttle ◽  
Marjorie H. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal

AbstractThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a primary mechanism in the allostatic process through which early life stress (ELS) contributes to disease. Studies of the influence of ELS on children's HPA axis functioning have yielded inconsistent findings. To address this issue, the present study considers multiple types of ELS (maternal depression, paternal depression, and family expressed anger), mental health symptoms, and two components of HPA functioning (traitlike and epoch-specific activity) in a long-term prospective community study of 357 children. ELS was assessed during the infancy and preschool periods; mental health symptoms and cortisol were assessed at child ages 9, 11, 13, and 15 years. A three-level hierarchical linear model addressed questions regarding the influences of ELS on HPA functioning and its covariation with mental health symptoms. ELS influenced traitlike cortisol level and slope, with both hyper- and hypoarousal evident depending on type of ELS. Further, type(s) of ELS influenced covariation of epoch-specific HPA functioning and mental health symptoms, with a tighter coupling of HPA alterations with symptom severity among children exposed previously to ELS. Results highlight the importance of examining multiple types of ELS and dynamic HPA functioning in order to capture the allostatic process unfolding across the transition into adolescence.

Is cognitive impairment following early life stress in severe mental disorders based on specific or general cognitive functioning?

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Aas ◽  
Nils E. Steen ◽  
Ingrid Agartz ◽  
Sofie R. Aminoff ◽  
Steinar Lorentzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders

Meditation and Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candy Gunther Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
School Based ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Meditative Practices

This chapter examines school-based meditation programs for children ages 4–17—including Transcendental Meditation, ashtanga yoga, and mindfulness-based stress reduction—popularized between the 1960s and 2010s in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and India. Practices entered mainstream education as promoters distanced meditation from religion, particularly Hinduism and Buddhism, and framed meditative practices as scientifically validated techniques for cultivating virtues essential for academic performance, physical and mental health, and moral character. The chapter assesses meditation research and religious controversies. It recommends an opt-in model of informed consent as most conducive to transparency and voluntarism.

scholarly journals The effect of mindfulness-based stress intervention on neurobiological and symptom measures in adolescents with early life stress: A feasibility randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsofia Cohen ◽  
Kelly T. Cosgrove ◽  
Elisabeth Akeman ◽  
Sara Coffey ◽  
Kent Teague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Level

Background Early life stress (ELS) has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Mindfulness reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety and improves cognitive and social outcomes in both youth and adults. However, little is known whether mindfulness can mitigate against the adverse neurobiological and psychological effects of ELS. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of conducting a group mindfulness intervention in adolescents with ELS and provide preliminary indication of potential effects on stress-related biomarkers and mental health symptoms. Methods Forty adolescents were randomized to receive either eight sessions of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Teens in group format (MBSR-T; n = 21) or Control (CTRL; n = 17). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and follow-up and included measures associated with neurobiological functioning (immune and endocrine biomarkers) and self-reported mental health symptoms. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the effects of group and time on these outcome measures. ResultsSixteen of the 21 adolescents completed the intervention, attending an average of 6.5 sessions. The model examining depressive symptoms revealed a medium effect for symptom reduction [Cohen’s d = .69] in the MBSR-T relateive to CTRL groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated feasibilility of conducting a group-based MBSR intervention for adolescents with ELS. There was some evidence for efficacy on a symptom level with potential subtle changes on a biological level. Future larger studies are needed to determine the efficacy of group-based mindfulness interventions in this population.

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