scholarly journals Determining the burden of missed opportunities for vaccination among children admitted in healthcare facilities in India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e046464
Author(s):  
Nicholas Albaugh ◽  
Joseph Mathew ◽  
Richa Choudhary ◽  
Sadasivan Sitaraman ◽  
Anjali Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Missed Opportunities

ObjectivesChildren accessing healthcare systems represent a vulnerable population with risk factors for poor health outcomes, including vaccine-preventable diseases. We aimed to quantify missed vaccination opportunities among hospitalised children in India, and identify vaccination barriers perceived by caregivers and healthcare providers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo public-sector tertiary-care hospitals in northern India, during November 2018 and March 2019.ParticipantsWe tracked 263 hospitalised children aged 1–59 months through hospital discharge, to assess vaccination status, and document catch-up vaccinations given during the hospital stay. We interviewed caregivers and healthcare providers to assess their perceptions on vaccination.OutcomesProportion of hospitalised children considered under-vaccinated for their age; proportion of missed opportunities for vaccination among under-vaccinated children who were eligible for vaccination; and vaccine coverage by antigen.ResultsWe found that 65.4% (172/263) of hospitalised children were under-vaccinated for their age when they presented to the hospital. Among under-vaccinated children, 61.0% were less than 4 months old, and 55.6% reported prior contact with a health facility for a sick visit. The proportion of under-vaccinated children in hospitals were higher compared with the general population as indicated by regional vaccination coverage data. Among under-vaccinated children who were tracked till discharge, 98.1% (158/161) remained incompletely vaccinated at discharge and were considered ‘missed opportunities for vaccination’. Perceived vaccination contraindications that are not part of established contraindications included in national and international guidelines was the most common reason for healthcare providers not to vaccinate children during hospital stay. Among caregivers of under-vaccinated children, 90.1% reported being comfortable having their children vaccinated while they were sick, if recommended by the healthcare provider.ConclusionThis pilot study confirmed that hospitalised sick children had substantial missed vaccination opportunities. Addressing these opportunities through concerted actions involving caregivers, healthcare providers and healthcare systems can improve overall vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage and inadequate knowledge: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Healthcare distrust among hospitalised black patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140824
Author(s):  
Thang Cong Nguyen ◽  
Evelyn Gathecha ◽  
Regina Kauffman ◽  
Scott Wright ◽  
Ché Matthew Harris
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meaningful Relationships

Study purposeDistrust of the healthcare system is longstanding in the black community. This may especially threaten the health of the population when a highly contagious infection strikes. This study aims to compare COVID-19-related perspectives and behaviours between hospitalised black patients who trust versus distrust doctors and healthcare systems.Study designCross-sectional study at a tertiary care academic hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Hospitalised adult black patients without a history of COVID-19 infection were surveyed between November 2020 and March 2021 using an instrument that assessed COVID-19-related matters. Analyses compared those who trusted versus mistrusted doctors and healthcare systems.Results37 distrusting hospitalised black patients were compared with 103 black patients who trusted doctors and healthcare systems. Groups had similar sociodemographics (all p>0.05). Distrustful patients were less likely to think that they were at high risk of contracting COVID-19 (54.0% vs 75.7%; p=0.05), less likely to believe that people with underlying medical conditions were at higher risk of dying from the virus (86.4% vs 98.0%; p=0.01) and less likely to be willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination (when available) (51.3% vs 77.6%; p<0.01) compared with those who were trusting.ConclusionHealthcare distrustful hospitalised black patients were doubtful of COVID-19 risk and hesitant about vaccination. Hospitalisations are concentrated exposures to the people and processes within healthcare systems; at these times, seizing the opportunity to establish meaningful relationships with patients may serve to gain their trust.

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage, inadequate knowledge and high vector density: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Attitudes toward vaccination among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study from Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Di Martino ◽  
P Di Giovanni ◽  
F Cedrone ◽  
M D'Addezio ◽  
A Di Girolamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Obstetric Nurses

Abstract Background In Italy, the loss of confidence in vaccines has resulted in low vaccination coverage also among healthcare workers (HCWs). Low vaccination coverage among HCWs may lead to dangerous outbreaks and may increase absenteeism. The aim of this study was to investigate vaccine coverage and the attitudes toward vaccination among HCWs. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2019 among HCWs referring to all the hospitals of the Local Health Authority 02 of Abruzzo Region, Italy. The survey was based on the questionnaire proposed by the H-ProImmune Project, aiming at investigating vaccination coverage and beliefs towards vaccination. Besides a descriptive analysis of the results, a logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between vaccine coverage and type of occupation (medical doctor, nurse, obstetric nurse, other). Results A total of 347 HCWs were enrolled in the study. The 57.3% reported to have missed diphtheritis-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination, the 50.1% reported to have missed measles-mumps-rubella (MPR) vaccination, and the 62.5% reported to have missed flu vaccination. In comparison with medical doctors, obstetric nurses were more likely to be associated to MPR vaccination (OR 2.8;95%CI 1.1-7.6; p = 0.047). As far as flu vaccination was concerned, both nurses and obstetric nurses showed lower confidence (respectively OR 0.2; 95%CI 0.1-0.3; p &lt; 0.001 and OR 0.1; 95%CI 0.1-0.5; p = 0.003). Moreover, other healthcare professionals reported to believe in natural immunization more than in vaccination (26.5%; p &lt; 0.001) and they were also worried about long-term effects of vaccination (10.2%; p = 0.044). Differently, nurses were more frequently worried about vaccine side effects (24%; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions This survey shows that the vaccination coverage taken into consideration results to be below the 95% threshold. Training on vaccine and mandatory measures may be necessary in order to achieve better coverage. Key messages Among HCW all vaccination coverage considered resulted below the threshold. Training on vaccine and mandatory measures may be needed in order to achieve better coverage.

scholarly journals Assessment of antecedents for violence against doctors: a cross sectional study on health worker component

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1896
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Panigrahi ◽  
Parmeshwar Satpathy ◽  
Sagarika Majumdar ◽  
Anjali Pal
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors

Background: The occupational safety and health administration considers physicians, nurses and other healthcare providers to be vulnerable and at a high risk of workplace violence. 75% of the doctors in India have been victims of violence at workplace.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study among resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra.Results: Among 137 residents interviewed, 81% of them faced verbal abuse in previous 1 year. In 57.6% of the cases the perpetrators of violence were the relatives of the patients. The most common place of harassment was the indoor patient wards followed by emergency/casualty department.Conclusions: Lifestyle factors such as quality of sleep pattern, addictions have associations with events of harassment among the resident doctors. There should be a comprehensive plan aimed at reducing the lifestyle risk factors of the physicians and allow them proper rest between duty hours.

scholarly journals Hospital Stay of Orthopedic Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (236) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Provincial Hospital ◽  
Co Morbidity

Introduction: Orthopedic conditions includes a range of condition varying from traumatic injuries, congenital anomalies, chronic back pain, arthritis, rheumatologic conditions, and other. Length of hospital stay is determined by a number of factors such as symptom severity, patient co morbidity and hospital availability. Our study aims to study the length of hospital stay of the patients admitted in a provincial hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Seti Provincial Hospital in the month of January among 800 cases. The record of each orthopedic cases admitted in the hospital was retrospectively collected from the medical record section after receiving ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee of Seti Provincial Hospital. Whole sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. The descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results: The average length of hospital stay was 2.87 days with the maximum length of the stay of 10 days and the minimum stay of zero days (discharged on the same day). Forearm bone fracture was the main reason for admission in the hospital 325 (40.62%). Conclusions: Length of the hospital stay was found to shorter than the previous study done in similar settings.

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage, inadequate knowledge and high vector density: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude towards Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in a Southern Italian Region

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Martino ◽  
Pamela Di Giovanni ◽  
Arturo Di Girolamo ◽  
Piera Scampoli ◽  
Fabrizio Cedrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flu Vaccination

Background: In Italy, the loss of confidence towards vaccination resulted in low vaccine coverage, also among healthcare workers (HCWs). Indeed, low vaccination coverage among HCWs can lead to dangerous outbreaks of disease, reduce productivity, and increase absenteeism. The aim of this study was to investigate the vaccine coverage and attitudes toward vaccination among HCWs. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs referred to all hospitals of the Local Health Authority 02 of Abruzzo Region, Italy. The survey was based on the questionnaire proposed by the H-ProImmune Project. Results: A total of 347 HCWs were enrolled in the study. Of these, 57.3% reported missing diphtheritis-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination, 50.1% reported missing measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, and 62.5% reported missing flu vaccination. Regarding attitudes, other healthcare professionals reported to believe more in natural immunization compared to vaccination (26.5%; p < 0.001), and they were worried about long-term effects of vaccination (10.2%; p = 0.044). Conclusions: This survey showed all vaccination coverage considered resulted below the 95% threshold. Training on vaccination and mandatory measures may be needed in order to achieve better coverage.

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