Occupational therapy interventions for adults with severe mental illness: a scoping review

ObjectiveTo identify the occupational therapy (OT) interventions in adults with severe mental illness (SMI) most investigated in intervention studies and to describe their characteristics.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesOn 17 January 2020, we searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE. We also performed a manual search of TESEO doctoral thesis database and of the journals indexed in the first quartile of OT according to the SCImago Journal Rank. We updated our search on 10 March 2021, performing a complementary search on ProQuest database and repeating the search in all sources. The terms included in the search strategy were: schizophrenia, schizotypal personality, delusional, schizoaffective, psychotic, bipolar, major depression, obsessive–compulsive, severe mental, OT and intervention.Study selectionThe study screening was peer-reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: (1) OT intervention studies in SMI: experimental, randomised, non-randomised and pilot/exploratory studies; (2) adult population with SMI: schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, delusional disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder; (3) OT identified as a discipline involved in the intervention; (4) English or Spanish language and (5) studies with full text available.ResultsThirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. OT interventions were classified in psychosocial, psychoeducational, cognitive and exercise interventions. The most used OT intervention was psychosocial intervention.ConclusionPsychosocial intervention was the most investigated OT intervention in SMI, followed by psychoeducational, cognitive and exercise interventions. These interventions are usually group interventions in patients with schizophrenia, performed by a multidisciplinary team (in which an occupational therapist collaborates), with 2–3 weekly 60 min sessions and a duration of 3–6 months.

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Outcome assessments used in studies examining the effect of prescribed exercise interventions for people living with severe mental illness, a scoping review

Mental Health and Physical Activity ◽

10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100438 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100438

Author(s):

Caleb McMahen ◽

Kemi Wright ◽

Robert Stanton ◽

Oscar Lederman ◽

Simon Rosenbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Outcome Assessments

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Occupational therapy intervention addressing weight gain and obesity in people with severe mental illness: A scoping review

Australian Occupational Therapy Journal ◽

10.1111/1440-1630.12575 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 446-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleisha Conn ◽

Nicola Bourke ◽

Carole James ◽

Kirsti Haracz

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Occupational Therapy Intervention ◽

Therapy Intervention

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A Scoping Review of Interventions Aimed at Improving Knowledge, Detection Practices and Management of Dementia among Health Professionals (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.20587 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Krishna Krishna Prasad Pathak

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Educational Program ◽

Best Practice ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Improving Health Care

BACKGROUND Health professionals (HPs) play a key role in dementia management and detection. However, there is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs to improve their dementia detection practices and management. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care knowledge, detection practices and management of dementia among HPs. METHODS We searched electronically published relevant articles with inclusion criteria; (1) intervention studies aimed at improving HPs practices concerning dementia care and (2) educational interventions focused on nurses and doctors’ knowledge, detection practice and management of dementia. Twenty-five articles fit the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Collaborative programs of practice based workshops, interactive learning activities with community and multi-faced educational program were the most effective. CONCLUSIONS HPs should be supported to improve their knowledge, tackle behavioural problems associated with dementia, be made aware of services and be enabled to engage in more early diagnosis. CLINICALTRIAL no applicable

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Exploration of recovery of people living with severe mental illness (SMI) in low/middle-income countries (LMICs): a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e045005

Author(s):

Fadia Gamieldien ◽

Roshan Galvaan ◽

Bronwyn Myers ◽

Zarina Syed ◽

Katherine Sorsdahl

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Personal Recovery ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Provider Perspectives ◽

Low Middle Income Countries

ObjectiveTo examine the literature on how recovery of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is conceptualised in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), and in particular what factors are thought to facilitate recovery.DesignScoping review.Data sources and eligibilityWe searched 14 electronic databases, hand searched citations and consulted with experts during the period May–December 2019. Eligible studies were independently screened for inclusion and exclusion by two reviewers. Unresolved discrepancies were referred to a third reviewer.Data extraction and synthesisAll bibliographical data and study characteristics were extracted using a data charting form. Selected studies were analysed through a thematic analysis emerging from extracted data.ResultsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram offers a summary of the results: 4201 titles, 1530 abstracts and 109 full-text articles were screened. Ten articles were selected for inclusion: two from Turkey, two from India, and one each from China, Swaziland, Indonesia, Egypt, South Africa and Vietnam. Although most studies used qualitative methods, data collection and sampling methods were heterogeneous. One study reported on service provider perspectives while the rest provided perspectives from a combination of service users and caregivers. Three themes emerged from the data analysis. First, studies frame recovery as a personal journey occurring along a continuum. Second, there was an emphasis on social relationships as a facilitator of recovery. Third, spirituality emerged as both a facilitator and an indicator of recovery. These themes were not mutually exclusive and some overlap exists.ConclusionAlthough there were commonalities with how high-income countries describe recovery, we also found differences in conceptualisation. These differences in how recovery was understood reflect the importance of framing the personal recovery concept in relation to local needs and contextual issues found in LMICs. This review highlighted the current sparse evidence base and the need to better understand recovery from SMI in LMICs.

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Microaggressions towards people affected by mental health problems: a scoping review

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796019000763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Barber ◽

P. C. Gronholm ◽

S. Ahuja ◽

N. Rüsch ◽

G. Thornicroft

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Racial Microaggressions ◽

Health Problems ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Thematic Synthesis ◽

The Impact

Abstract Aims This review aims to understand the scope of the literature regarding mental health-related microaggressions towards people affected by mental health problems. Methods A scoping review was conducted to explore this question. Four electronic health-oriented databases were searched alongside Google Scholar. As per scoping review principles, the inclusion criteria were developed iteratively. The results of included studies were synthesised using a basic narrative synthesis approach, utilising principles of thematic analysis and thematic synthesis where appropriate. Results A total of 1196 records were identified, of which 17 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 were peer-reviewed journal articles, three were research degree theses and two were book chapters. Six included empirical studies were qualitative, four were quantitative and two employed a mixed-methods design. Within these, five qualitative studies aimed to describe the nature of mental health microaggressions experienced by people with mental health problems. Themes identified in a thematic synthesis of these five studies included stereotypes about mental illness, invalidating peoples' experience and blaming people with mental illness for their condition. The included publications informed on the perpetration of mental health microaggressions by family, friends, health professionals and social workers. In addition, two studies created scales, which were then used in cross-sectional surveys of the general public and community members to assess characteristics, such as right-wing political views, associated with endorsement of mental health microaggressions. A consensus definition of microaggressions emerged from the included studies: microaggressions are brief, everyday slights, snubs or insults, that may be subtle or ambiguous, but communicate a negative message to a target person based on their membership of a marginalised group, in this case, people affected by mental illness. Conclusions The study of mental health microaggressions is an emerging, heterogeneous field, embedded in the wider stigma and discrimination literature. It has been influenced by earlier work on racial microaggressions. Both can be ambiguous and contradictory, which creates difficulty defining the boundaries of the concept, but also underpins the key theoretical basis for the negative impact of microaggressions. Mental illness is a more concealable potential type of identity, so it follows that the reported perpetrators of microaggressions are largely friends, family and professionals. This has implications for intervening to reduce the impact of microaggressions. There are several challenges facing research in this area, and further work is needed to understand the impact of mental health microaggressions on people affected by mental health problems.

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Rates, types and associations of sexual risk behaviours and sexually transmitted infections in those with severe mental illness: a scoping review

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 112946

Author(s):

Meg Stevens ◽

Aswin Ratheesh ◽

Amity Watson ◽

Kate Filia ◽

Brian O Donoghue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Risk Behaviours ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviours

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Homelessness and severe mental illness in low- and middle-income countries: scoping review

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2019.32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caroline Smartt ◽

Martin Prince ◽

Souci Frissa ◽

Julian Eaton ◽

Abebaw Fekadu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Homeless People ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Manual Search ◽

Cultural Responses ◽

Key Aspects ◽

Low And Middle Income

Background Despite being a global problem, little is known about the relationship between severe mental illness (SMI) and homelessness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Homeless people with SMI are an especially vulnerable population and face myriad health and social problems. In LMICs, low rates of treatment for mental illness, as well as differing family support systems and cultural responses to mental illness, may affect the causes and consequences of homelessness in people with SMI. Aims To conduct a systematic, scoping review addressing the question: what is known about the co-occurrence of homelessness and SMI among adults living in LMICs? Method We conducted an electronic search, a manual search and we consulted with experts. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, assessed publications for eligibility and appraised study quality. Results Of the 49 included publications, quality was generally low: they were characterised by poor or unclear methodology and reporting of results. A total of 7 publications presented the prevalence of SMI among homeless people; 12 presented the prevalence of homelessness among those with SMI. Only five publications described interventions for this population; only one included an evaluation component. Conclusions Evidence shows an association between homelessness and SMI in LMICs, however there is little information on the complex relationship and direction of causality between the phenomena. Existing programmes should undergo rigorous evaluation to identify key aspects required for individuals to achieve sustainable recovery. Respect for human rights should be paramount when conducting research with this population. Declaration of interest None.

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The dynamics of appraisal: a review of 20 years of research using the Fortitude Questionnaire

South African Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1177/0081246320957489 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 008124632095748

Author(s):

Tyrone Brian Pretorius ◽

Anita Padmanabhanunni

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Social Supports ◽

Cognitive Appraisals ◽

Well Being ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Psychological Strength

Fortitude refers to the psychological strength to manage adversity and stay well. It is derived from adaptive cognitive appraisals of self, family, and social supports and has consistently been identified as a protective factor in psychological well-being. This study undertakes a scoping review of empirical research on the Fortitude Questionnaire, which was developed to assess levels of fortitude. The aims of the study were to categorize and catalogue studies that have used the Fortitude Questionnaire, identify the variables that have been linked to the scale, and determine the extent to which prior research has replicated the Fortitude Questionnaire’s psychometric properties. Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework for scoping reviews was followed to review studies published between January 1999 and March 2020. A total of 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. The scoping review found that the Fortitude Questionnaire has been used in different contexts and among various sample groups across the lifespan, including vulnerable and high-risk populations. The scale has demonstrated sound reliability and studies have confirmed its factor structure. The scale has also been used as an independent, dependent, and intervening variable. Fortitude has been linked to positive and negative indicators of well-being, and intervention studies have indicated that fortitude is amenable to change. The findings of this scoping review provide a foundation for the development of appraisal restructuring programmes and interventions.

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