scholarly journals Variation in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across districts, schools and classes: baseline measurements from a cohort of primary and secondary school children in Switzerland

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e047483
Author(s):  
Agne Ulyte ◽  
Thomas Radtke ◽  
Irene Alma Abela ◽  
Sarah R Haile ◽  
Jacob Blankenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

ObjectivesTo determine the variation in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in school children and the relationship with self-reported symptoms.DesignBaseline measurements of a longitudinal cohort study (Ciao Corona) from June to July 2020.Setting55 schools stratified by district in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland.Participants2585 children (1339 girls; median age: 11 years, age range: 6–16 years), attending grades 1–2, 4–5 and 7–8.Main outcome measuresVariation in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children across 12 cantonal districts, schools and grades, assessed using Luminex-based test of four epitopes for IgG, IgA and IgM (Antibody Coronavirus Assay,ABCORA 2.0). Clustering of cases within classes. Association of seropositivity and symptoms. Comparison with seroprevalence in adult population, assessed using Luminex-based test of IgG and IgA (Sensitive Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimer Immunoglobulin Serological test).ResultsOverall seroprevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.1%), ranging from 1.0% to 4.5% across districts. Seroprevalence in grades 1–2 was 3.8% (95% CI 2.0% to 6.1%), in grades 4–5 was 2.4% (95% CI 1.1% to 4.2%) and in grades 7–8 was 1.5% (95% CI 0.5% to 3.0%). At least one seropositive child was present in 36 of 55 (65%) schools and in 44 (34%) of 131 classes where ≥5 children and ≥50% of children within the class were tested. 73% of children reported COVID-19-compatible symptoms since January 2020, with the same frequency in seropositive and seronegative children for all symptoms. Seroprevalence of children and adults was similar (3.2%, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.7% to 5.0% vs 3.6%, 95% CrI 1.7% to 5.4%). The ratio of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence-to-seropositive cases was 1:89 in children and 1:12 in adults.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in children and similar to that in adults by the end of June 2020. Very low ratio of diagnosed-to-seropositive children was observed. We did not detect clustering of SARS-CoV-2-seropositive children within classes, but the follow-up of this study will shed more light on transmission within schools.Trial registration numberNCT04448717.

Outcome from head injury related to patient' age

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Luerssen ◽  
Melville R. Klauber ◽  
Lawrence F. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pupillary Reactivity

✓ A series of 8814 head-injured patients admitted to 41 hospitals in three separate metropolitan areas were prospectively studied. Of these, 1906 patients (21.6%) were 14 years of age or less. This “pediatric population” was compared to the remaining “adult population” for mechanism of injury, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, motor score, blood pressure, pupillary reactivity, the presence of associated injuries, and the presence of subdural or epidural hematoma. The relationship of each of these factors was then correlated with posttraumatic mortality. Except for patients found to have subdural hematoma and those who were profoundly hypotensive, the pediatric patients exhibited a significantly lower mortality rate compared to the adults, thus confirming this generally held view. This study indicates that age itself, even within the pediatric age range, is a major independent factor affecting the mortality rate in head-injured patients.

Trichomonas Vaginalis (TV) Infection and Its Association With Risk of Cervical Cancer and HPV Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S92-S93
Author(s):  
Herleen Rai ◽  
Wissam Dahoud
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Background The prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection is low in developed countries and may be due to its incidental diagnosis and treatment during routine screening. Many countries are adopting a new model based on testing for high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) instead of cytology. HPV is known to be associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). There is limited and conflicting literature on the relationship between TV and SIL. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of TV in different age groups and evaluate the association between TV with SIL, BV (bacterial vaginosis), and HPV infection. Design Retrospective study for cytological histologic correlation was performed on 10,546 cases dated between January 2012 and December 2017. HPV results were available in 7,081 cases. Results The age range was 15 to 84 with a mean of 49 years; 249 patients were TV positive (2.3%). The prevalence was highest in 30 to 65 age group (71.5%). HPV was present in 4,386/7,081 cases (61.9%). The associated between TV and HPV infection was not significant (P < .07). There was a significant association between TV and BV infection (P < .001). In total, 4,649/10,546 patients showed squamous abnormalities (44%), of which 52.6% were TV positive and 43.9% were TV negative. CIN2-3/SCC was significantly greater in TV-positive versus TV-negative patients (P < .007). HPV-positive patients that were TV positive showed more squamous abnormalities than those that were TV negative (P < .043). TV-positive patients with ASCH showed higher grade lesions (CIN2-3/SCC) on follow-up than TV-negative patients (P < .003). Conclusion TV is more common among patients with BV and HPV infection and significantly associated with squamous abnormalities. HPV and ASCH patients with TV showed significant squamous abnormalities. Although TV can be detected incidentally through cytology-based cervical screening, a transition to HPV testing is likely to result in increasing TV prevalence over time.

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