Trichomonas Vaginalis (TV) Infection and Its Association With Risk of Cervical Cancer and HPV Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S92-S93
Author(s):  
Herleen Rai ◽  
Wissam Dahoud
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Background The prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection is low in developed countries and may be due to its incidental diagnosis and treatment during routine screening. Many countries are adopting a new model based on testing for high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) instead of cytology. HPV is known to be associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). There is limited and conflicting literature on the relationship between TV and SIL. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of TV in different age groups and evaluate the association between TV with SIL, BV (bacterial vaginosis), and HPV infection. Design Retrospective study for cytological histologic correlation was performed on 10,546 cases dated between January 2012 and December 2017. HPV results were available in 7,081 cases. Results The age range was 15 to 84 with a mean of 49 years; 249 patients were TV positive (2.3%). The prevalence was highest in 30 to 65 age group (71.5%). HPV was present in 4,386/7,081 cases (61.9%). The associated between TV and HPV infection was not significant (P < .07). There was a significant association between TV and BV infection (P < .001). In total, 4,649/10,546 patients showed squamous abnormalities (44%), of which 52.6% were TV positive and 43.9% were TV negative. CIN2-3/SCC was significantly greater in TV-positive versus TV-negative patients (P < .007). HPV-positive patients that were TV positive showed more squamous abnormalities than those that were TV negative (P < .043). TV-positive patients with ASCH showed higher grade lesions (CIN2-3/SCC) on follow-up than TV-negative patients (P < .003). Conclusion TV is more common among patients with BV and HPV infection and significantly associated with squamous abnormalities. HPV and ASCH patients with TV showed significant squamous abnormalities. Although TV can be detected incidentally through cytology-based cervical screening, a transition to HPV testing is likely to result in increasing TV prevalence over time.

Association of Bacterial Vaginosis and Human Papilloma Virus Infection With Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissam Dahoud ◽  
Claire W Michael ◽  
Hamza Gokozan ◽  
Amelia K Nakanishi ◽  
Aparna Harbhajanka
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

ABSTRACT Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). However, there is limited and conflicting literature on the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and SIL. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of BV and evaluate the association between BV and SIL. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 10,546 cases between 2012 and 2017. HPV results were available in 7,081 cases. Results BV was present in 17.6% of cases. There was significant association between BV, positive HPV infection, and high-grade SIL. BV patients with negative HPV infection showed more squamous abnormalities than BV-negative HPV-negative patients. Conclusions We found there is a significant association between BV and SIL. BV is more common among patients with HPV infection and is independently associated with squamous abnormalities in cervical smears and surgical follow-up.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship between the Level of DHEA-S and Sex Hormones in Some Infertile Iraqi Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Khaled S. Abd ◽  
Adnan F. AL-Azzawie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to evaluate serum levels of the Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and its relationship with some sex hormones such as Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin and testosterone hormone and the infertility type in some infertile Iraqi men. Blood and seminal fluid samples from (60) idiopathic male infertile and (60) healthful individuals as a control group aged (18 to 60 year) were collected from private clinics. Serum hormones (DHEA-S, FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone) were measurement using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The levels of DHEA-S, FSH, LH and prolactin are significantly higher (P≤0.01) expect of the testosterone level was significantly decreased (P≤ 0.01) in the infertile men as compared with control group. High significant differences (P≤0.01) were recorded when comparing the hormonal levels (DHEA-S, FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone) according to the age groups. There are significant differences (P≤ 0.01) in levels of (DHEA-S, FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone) in the infertility period.  Smoker infertile men have high levels (P≤ 0.05) in the DHEA-S and LH while have low levels in the prolactin hormones compared with control. Patients with family history have shown significant differences (P≤0.05) in the levels of DHEA-S, FSH, LH and prolactin. In conclusion, this study revealed significantly increase in the DHEA-S levels in the infertile men and negative correlation between DHEA-S and FSH. Therefore, DHEA-S has important role in the diagnosis and follow up of the male infertility.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus and Its Association with Other Sexually Transmitted Coinfection among Sexually Active Women from the Northeast of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Almeida Cunha ◽  
Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort ◽  
Francisco Pedro Belfort Mendes ◽  
Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Henrique de Lima Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Epithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV ( p = 0.003 ). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Associations between thyroid function and mortality: the influence of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annenienke C van de Ven ◽  
Romana T Netea-Maier ◽  
Femmie de Vegt ◽  
H Alec Ross ◽  
Fred C G J Sweep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis ◽  
Tsh Levels

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age on the association between thyroid function and mortality.DesignThe Nijmegen Biomedical Study is a population-based study, comprising 5816 randomly selected adults of all age groups without previously known thyroid disease.MethodsTSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and peroxidase antibodies were measured in 2002–2003. The number of deaths were established in 2012 (median follow-up time 9.4 years).ResultsSubclinical thyrotoxicosis was associated with mortality in subjects aged <65 years (hazard ratio (HR) 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.7), but not in subjects aged >65 years. As for thyroid function within the normal range: in the 493 participants aged 80 years or older, an FT4 level in the high-normal range (18.5–22 pmol/l) was associated with a higher mortality in comparison with FT4 levels in the middle range (11.5–15.0 pmol/l): HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.0–2.9). In these elderly, TSH levels within the high-normal range (3.0–4.0 mIU/l) were also associated with a higher mortality in comparison with TSH levels within the middle range (1.0–2.0 mIU/l): HR 1.8 (95% CI 1.0–3.1).ConclusionsThe relationship between thyroid function and mortality differs according to age. This finding might (partially) explain the discrepant results of previous studies examining the relationship between thyroid function and mortality in different age groups.

scholarly journals Is stress related to the presence and persistence of oncogenic human papillomavirus infection in young women?

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kuebler ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Laura Mernone ◽  
Christian Breymann ◽  
Elvira Abbruzzese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Hpv Status

Abstract Background Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer, but factors contributing to HR-HPV persistence are incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to test for associations of chronic stress and two aspects of diurnal cortisol secretion (i.e., the cortisol awakening response [CAR] and total cortisol output over the day [AUCgday]) with HR-HPV status at baseline and 12 months later (follow-up). Methods We evaluated 188 women (25 ± 3 years) at baseline. Follow-up investigation was restricted to HR-HPV infected women at baseline. Of the initial 48 HR-HPV positive participants, 42 completed the follow-up (16 HR-HPV positive and 26 HR-HPV negative). At baseline and follow-up, we determined HR-HPV status in cervical smears, assessed chronic stress, and repeatedly measured salivary cortisol over the day. At baseline, we analyzed salivary cortisol only in a subgroup of 90 participants (45 HR-HPV negative and 45 HR-HPV positive). Results At baseline, higher chronic stress (excessive demands at work: p = .022, chronic worrying: p = .032), and a higher CAR (p = .014) were related to baseline HR-HPV positivity. At follow-up, there was a statistical trend for a positive association between the CAR and HR-HPV positivity (p = .062). Neither the CAR nor the AUCgday mediated the associations between chronic stress and HR-HPV status. Conclusions Our findings suggest that both chronic stress and diurnal cortisol are related to the presence of HR-HPV infection and may thus play a role in HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis.

Age and loneliness in 25 European nations

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1368-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEMING YANG ◽  
CHRISTINA VICTOR
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Third ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe relationship between age and loneliness is intriguing. While loneliness has been widely perceived as a problem of old age, there is evidence suggesting that adolescence is the peak age for experiencing loneliness and there are demonstrable variations between nations in reported rates of loneliness. However, comparative data for examining both the prevalence of loneliness across age groups and across nations are sparse. As the first phase of a larger project, we explore the prevalence of loneliness across different age groups in 25 European nations, with a focus on people of an advanced age. After discussing issues of comparability, we present our empirical findings employing data collected in the third round (2006–07) of the European Social Survey (total sample size 47,099, age range 15–101) which included a ‘self-rating’ loneliness scale. Our results suggest that the prevalence of loneliness does increase with age for the combined sample. However, the nation in which one lives shows a greater impact than age on reported levels of loneliness, with Russia and Eastern European nations having the highest proportions of lonely people (about 10–34% for different age groups) and Northern European nations the lowest (mostly below 6%). Possible explanatory factors are identified and discussed, which provides the groundwork of a subsequent and formal study.

scholarly journals Incidence of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-1-infected women with no history of cervical pathology: up to 17 years of follow-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Videla ◽  
Antoni Tarrats ◽  
Arelly Ornelas ◽  
Roger Badia ◽  
Eva Castella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Papanicolaou Smear ◽  
Papanicolaou Smears ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Hiv 1

Currently, Papanicolaou smears are proposed at three-year intervals for cervical screening to all women living with HIV. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to provide data on the incidence of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in cervical smear confirmed by histology in HIV-1-infected women (two consecutive normal Papanicolaou smears at baseline) after a long-term follow-up. Sixty-seven women (recruited between March 1999 and January 2003) were analyzed. The median period of follow-up was 13.2 years (range: 7.4–17.1 years) with a total of 583 Papanicolaou smears. Twenty-seven percent of these HIV-1-infected women had poorly-controlled HIV. Cumulative incidence of HSIL was 18% (12/67; 95%CI: 11–29%) of which one was an invasive squamous cell carcinoma and two were carcinoma in situ. These women had not been well-engaged with the annual Papanicolaou smear screening program and had poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Development of HSIL was associated with high-risk-HPV infection (OR: 14.9; 95%CI: 3.0, 75.1). At last Papanicolaou smear, prevalence of high-risk-HPV infection was 30% (20/66, 95%CI: 21–42%). In conclusion, the incidence of cervical HSIL in HIV-1-infected women with poor antiretroviral therapy adherence or poor immunological status reinforces the need to identify those HIV-1-infected women at risk of developing cervical cancer.

Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the outcome of perioperative treatments for penile squamous-cell carcinoma (PSCC).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5088-5088
Author(s):  
Patrizia Giannatempo ◽  
Marco Bandini ◽  
Yao Zhu ◽  
Dingwei Ye ◽  
Antonio Augusto Ornellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Extranodal Extension ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
International Multicenter

5088 Background: PSCC patients (pts) with palpable inguinal lymph node (ILN) disease have a poor overall survival (OS). Multimodal perioperative treatments are usually offered despite the lack of clinically meaningful efficacy. Pending the availability of novel effective systemic therapy, the optimization of conventional treatments in better selected pts is needed. Methods: Within an international, multicenter database of 924 PSCC pts who received ILN dissection from USA, Europe, Brazil and China, 494 had information on HPV, and 52 (10.5%) had HPV+ PSCC, predominantly assessed with immunohistochemistry (53%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between pt factors and HPV status. Multivariable Cox analyses (MVA) assessed predictors of overall mortality (OM), including HPV status, pathologically-involved ILN ratio (ILNR), extranodal extension, margin status, vascular invasion (VI), perioperative RT (pRT) and perioperative chemotherapy (pCT). Comparisons between HPV status and ILNR were performed using interaction tests. Kaplan-Meier method was used to define the OS benefit related in HPV-stratified sub-groups. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 58yrs. Overall, pCT and pRT were used in 227 (46%) and 50 (10%) pts. The median follow-up was 62 months. Neither clinical factors nor country were associated with HPV status. On MVA, ILNR (HR:1.01, p = 0.01) and extranodal extension (HR: 1.5, p = 0.02) were statistically significantly associated with OM, but HPV was not (p = 0.2). However, in the subgroup of pts who received pRT, HPV status was associated with favorable OM (HR: 0.11, 95%CI: 0.03-0.5, p = 0.004) together with negative VI (p = 0.03), and the use of adjuvant CT (p = 0.04). A significant interaction was found on OM between HPV+ status and increasing ILNR, with a cutoff at 50% (p = 0.05). Results are limited by their retrospective nature and small numbers in each subgroup. Conclusions: In the largest available dataset of ILND for PSCC, we observed that pRT seemed to be more effective in the subgroup of HPV+ PSCC. These results should be considered as hypothesis-generating and may inspire both the future prospective trials or the ongoing InPACT study.

scholarly journals Long-term incidence of cardiovascular outcomes in the middle-aged and elderly with different patterns of physical activity: Tehran lipid and glucose study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Naseri ◽  
Parisa Amiri ◽  
Hasti Masihay-Akbar ◽  
Sara Jalali-Farahani ◽  
Davood Khalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Guideline Recommendation ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Background Following the global upward trend of cardiovascular diseases (CVD/CHD), much attention has been paid to lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity (PA). However, most of previous studies were conducted in developed countries and with just one measurement of physical activity. The aim of the current study is to assess the effect of changes in the PA on the incidence of CVD/CHD in middle-aged and older men and women in an Eastern-Mediterranean population, over a decade follow-up. Methods This study has been conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) including 4073 (57% women) participants without CVD/CHD at baseline. The participants were followed up for an average period of 12 years. The Iranian version of Modified Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) was used to measure PA at baseline and at the closest follow-up to the outcome. Subsequently, participants were categorized as “compliers”, “non-compliers”, “adopters” and “relapsers”, based on their adherence to the PA guideline recommendations. All analysis has been conducted in two separate age groups including middle-aged and elderly in both men and women. The effect of PA patterns on incidence of CVD/CHD was investigated using Cox proportional hazard model. Variables including marital status, job status, education, smoking, and family history of CVD/CHD were adjusted in the models. Results Adherence to guideline recommendation increased from 63.5 to 66.6% between the two measurements. At the second measurement of PA, the percentages of compliers, non-compliers, adopters and relapsers were 48.4, 18.3, 18.2, and 15.1%, respectively. In fully adjusted models, HRs of CVD and CHD for men aged 40–60 years in the complier group were 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38–0.87, P = 0.008) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38–0.89, P = 0.01), respectively. HRs of CVD and CHD for men aged 40–60 years in adopter group were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38–0.96, P = 0.03) and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.37–0.97, P = 0.04) respectively. The corresponding values were not significant in women. Conclusions Adhering to established PA recommendations have a protective effect on the incidence of CVD/CHD among middle-aged men; findings which need to be considered in reducing cardiovascular outcomes in this population.

scholarly journals A Very Rare Case: HPV-Negative Vulvar Cancer in an Adolescent

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Hasan Turan ◽  
Yahya Ozgun Oner ◽  
Tugan Bese ◽  
Sennur Ilvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Vulvar Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Patient Falls ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Age Range

Carcinoma of the vulva is usually regarded as a disease of older women, with the typical age of 65–85 years. There are a limited number of reports of vulvar cancer cases younger than 30 years. These patients have usually risk factors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and immunosuppression. Herein, we present a case of invasive squamous vulvar cancer in an 18-year-old patient without any risk factor. Vulvar radical local excision and bilateral inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsies were performed. The clitoris was preserved during the surgery. Patient did not receive adjuvant therapy. Follow-up after 12 months of the disease showed no evidence of disease. Vulvar carcinoma in very young women may develop without any predisposing factor. Early detection will result in better survival. So, there should be a high index of suspicion when a vulvar lesion is seen, even if the patient falls below the typical age range and does not carry any well-known risk factors such as HPV infection and immunodeficiency.

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