Trends in drug poisoning deaths, by sex, in Ireland: a repeated cross-sectional study from 2004 to 2017

ObjectiveTo examine sex differences in age-standardised rates (ASR) of overall and drug-specific drug poisoning deaths in Ireland between 2004 and 2017.DesignRepeated cross-sectional study.SettingDrug poisoning deaths in Ireland.ParticipantsNational Drug-Related Deaths Index and pharmacy claims database (Primary Care Reimbursement Service-General Medical Services) data from 2004 to 2017.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was trends in drug poisoning death rates by sex. The secondary outcomes were trends in drug poisoning death rates involving (1) any CNS (Central Nervous System) depressants, (2) ≥2 CNS depressants and (3) specific drugs/drug classes (eg, prescription opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, alcohol, cocaine and heroin) by sex. Joinpoint regression was used to examine trends, stratified by sex, in the ASR of drug poisoning deaths (2004–2017), change points over time and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) with 95% CI.ResultsIncreased ASR for all drug poisoning deaths from 6.86 (95% CI 6.01 to 7.72) per 100 000 in 2004 to 8.08 (95% CI 7.25 to 8.91) per 100 000 in 2017 was mainly driven by increasing deaths among men (AAPC 2.6%, 95% CI 0.2 to 5.1), with no significant change observed among women. Deaths involving ≥2 CNS depressants increased for both men (AAPC 5.6%, 95% CI 2.4 to 8.8) and women (AAPC 4.0%, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.9). Drugs with the highest significant AAPC increases for men were cocaine (7.7%, 95% CI 2.2 to 13.6), benzodiazepines (7.2%, 95% CI 2.9 to 11.6), antidepressants (6.1%, 95% CI 2.4 to 10.0) and prescription opioids (3.5%, 95% CI 1.6 to 5.5). For women, the highest AAPC was for antidepressants (4.2%, 95% CI 0.2 to 8.3), benzodiazepines (3.3%, 95% CI 0.1 to 6.5) and prescription opioids (3.0%, 95% CI 0.7 to 5.3).ConclusionDrugs implicated in drug poisoning deaths vary by sex. Policy response should include prescription monitoring programmes and practical harm reduction information on polydrug use, especially CNS depressant drugs.

Download Full-text

A repeated cross-sectional study of factors associated with pregabalin-positive poisoning deaths in Ireland

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107741 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 206 ◽

pp. 107741

Author(s):

Ena Lynn ◽

Gráinne Cousins ◽

Suzi Lyons ◽

Kathleen E. Bennett

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Poisoning Deaths

Download Full-text

Public awareness regarding the use and resistance of antibiotics: A cross-sectional study among Nepalese adults in Kathmandu valley

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v6i3.19823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Satish Kumar Deo ◽

Sita Rijal ◽

Tulza K.C

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Study Finding ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interview Method ◽

Drug Classes

Background: Antibiotics are considered to be among the most commonly sold drug classes globally. Antibiotic resistance is a recognized public health issue at the local, national and global levels.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify awareness of general public regarding the use and resistance of antibiotics.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu in November 2016 using a quantitative questionnaire among 120 adult people aged 20–60 years. Convenience sampling method was used and information on use of antibiotics and resistance was obtained using semi-structured questionnaire through interview method. Descriptive statistics was done to describe the respondent’s level of awareness regarding use of antibiotics and resistance.Results: Among the total respondents, majority had incorrect awareness as regards to action, reasons for using antibiotics, possible side effects of the antibiotic. Seventy one percent of the respondents had not heard about antibiotic resistance. The study finding showed that about 66.7% of the participants had inadequate awareness towards use and resistance of antibiotics.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the overall awareness on antibiotic use and resistance is poorly understood among our respondents. This information can be utilized in future educational and antibiotic resistance awareness raising campaigns.

Download Full-text

Pola Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Anak Air Padang Tahun 2012

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v3i3.114 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Aidil Rahman Novesar ◽

Eryati Darwin ◽

Finny Fitry Yani

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Medical Record ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Disease ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Death Rates ◽

Male And Female ◽

High Death

AbstrakInfeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting karena menyebabkan kematian bayi dan balita yang cukup tinggi yaitu 1 dari 4 kematian yang terjadi. Kejadian ISPA di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Anak Air Kota Padang tahun 2012. Masih menduduki peringkat pertama dari sepuluh penyakit terbanyak dan merupakan puskesmas dengan angka kejadian ISPA tertinggi di Kota Padang. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study dengan menggunakan catatan rekam medik anak yang menderita ISPA di puskemas Anak Air sebagai data sekunder. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa frekuensi balita ISPA adalah 28,29% dari total penderita ISPA, dimana anak berusia 0-5 tahun yang terdiiri dari bayi sebanyak 21,5% dan balita sebanyak 78,5%. Distribusi antara balita laki-laki dan perempuan sebesar 50,04% dan 49,96%. Wilayah kerja kelurahan Batipuh Panjang memiliki frekuensi sebesar 51,71% dan kelurahan Padang Sarai sebesar 47,94 sementara luar wilayah sebesar 0,25%, distribusi dan frekuensi berdasarkan bulan didapatkan bulan November sebagai bulan dengan kejadian tertinggi atau sebesar 16,56% dan bulan September sebagai bulan dengan kejadian terendah sebesar 5,10%.Kata kunci: ISPA, bayi, pola kejadian, distribusi AbstractAcute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is still an issue regarding the importance of public health, because it cause high death rates, in a scale 1 from 4. Every child was estimated having 3 - 6 episodes of ARI every year. ARI in Puskesmas Anak Air Kota Padang 2012 is still on top of ten most common disease and a Puskesmas with the highest rate of ARI in Padang. This was a cross sectional study by using medical record as secondary data. The result of the result was infants with ARI is 28,29% from the total of all ARI patients, where it happened to 0-5 years old children divided to baby as much of 21,5% and 78,5% to infants, while the gender distribution between male and female infants was 50,04% and 49,96% in the Batipuh Panjang region which is having a frequency of 51,71% and Padang Sarai region 47,94% while other region was 0,25%. The distribution and the frequency based on months, was gathered in November as the highest rate occurrences of 16,56% and September as the lowest, 5.10%.Keywords: ARI, infants , patterns, distribution

Download Full-text

Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in Ireland: a retrospective cross-sectional study using a national pharmacy claims data from 2016

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e032916 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna Anna Gajewska ◽

Regien Biesma ◽

Seamus Sreenan ◽

Kathleen Bennett

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pharmacy Claims ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Diabetes Register

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the Irish population using a national pharmacy claims database in the absence of a national diabetes register.DesignNational, population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingCommunity care with data available through the Health Service Executive Pharmacy Claims Reimbursement Scheme from 2011 to 2016.ParticipantsIndividuals with type 1 diabetes were identified by coprescription of insulin and glucometer test strips without any prolonged course (>12 months) of oral hypoglycaemic agents prior to commencing insulin. Those claiming prescriptions for long-acting insulin only, without any prandial insulin, were excluded from the analysis. Incidence was estimated based on the first claim for insulin in 2016, with no insulin use in the preceding 12 months.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of type 1 diabetes in children (<18 years) and adults (≥18 years); incidence of type 1 diabetes in children (≤14 years) and adolescents and adults (>14 years).ResultsThere were 20 081 prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in 2016. The crude prevalence was 0.42% (95% CI 0.42% to 0.43%). Most prevalent cases (n=17 053, 85%) were in adults with a prevalence of 0.48% (95% CI 0.47% to 0.48%). There were 1527 new cases of type 1 diabetes in 2016, giving an incidence rate of 32 per 100 000 population/year (95% CI 30.5 to 33.7). There was a significant positive linear trend for age, for prevalence (p<0.0001) and incidence (p=0.014). The prevalence and incidence were 1.2-fold and 1.3-fold higher in men than women, respectively. Significant variations in prevalence (p<0.0001) and incidence (p<0.001) between the different geographical regions were observed.ConclusionsThis study provides epidemiological estimates of type 1 diabetes across age groups in Ireland, with the majority of prevalent cases in adults. Establishing a national diabetes register is essential to enable updated epidemiological estimates of diabetes and for planning of services in Ireland.

Download Full-text

Willingness to use a supervised injection facility among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically: a cross-sectional study

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-017-0139-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Benjamin A. Bouvier ◽

Beth Elston ◽

Scott E. Hadland ◽

Traci C. Green ◽

Brandon D. L. Marshall

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prescription Opioids ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Supervised Injection Facility ◽

Supervised Injection ◽

Willingness To Use

Download Full-text

Estimating the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes using population level pharmacy claims data: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000288 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000288 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sarah-Jo Sinnott ◽

Sheena McHugh ◽

Helen Whelton ◽

Richard Layte ◽

Steve Barron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Claims Data ◽

Population Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pharmacy Claims

Download Full-text

Place, poverty and prescriptions: a cross-sectional study using Area Deprivation Index to assess opioid use and drug-poisoning mortality in the USA from 2012 to 2017

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e035376

Author(s):

Shaheen Kurani ◽

Rozalina Grubina McCoy ◽

Jonathan Inselman ◽

Molly Moore Jeffery ◽

Sagar Chawla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deprivation Index ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

County Level ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Opioid Prescription ◽

Drug Poisoning ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Drug Poisoning Mortality

ObjectiveTo identify the relationships between county-level area deprivation and patterns of both opioid prescriptions and drug-poisoning mortality.Design, setting and participantsFor this retrospective cross-sectional study, we used the IQVIA Xponent data to capture opioid prescriptions and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention National Vital Statistics System to assess drug-poisoning mortality. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a composite measure of social determinants of health comprised of 17 US census indicators, spanning four socioeconomic domains. For all US counties with available opioid prescription (2712 counties) and drug-poisoning mortality (3133 counties) data between 2012 and 2017, we used negative binomial regression to examine the association between quintiles of county-level ADI and the rates of opioid prescriptions and drug-poisoning mortality adjusted for year, age, race and sex.Primary outcome measuresCounty-level opioid prescription fills and drug-poisoning mortality.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2017, overall rates of opioid prescriptions decreased from 96.6 to 72.2 per 100 people, while the rates of drug-poisoning mortality increased from 14.3 to 22.8 per 100 000 people. Opioid prescription and drug-poisoning mortality rates were consistently higher with greater levels of deprivation. The risk of filling an opioid prescription was 72% higher, and the risk of drug-poisoning mortality was 36% higher, for most deprived compared with the least deprived counties (both p<0.001).DiscussionCounties with greater area-level deprivation have higher rates of filled opioid prescriptions and drug-poisoning mortality. Although opioid prescription rates declined across all ADI quintiles, the rates of drug-poisoning mortality continued to rise proportionately in each ADI quintile. This underscores the need for individualised and targeted interventions that consider the deprivation of communities where people live.

Download Full-text