The associations between work–life balance behaviours, teamwork climate and safety climate: cross-sectional survey introducing the work–life climate scale, psychometric properties, benchmarking data and future directions

BackgroundHealthcare is approaching a tipping point as burnout and dissatisfaction with work-life integration (WLI) in healthcare workers continue to increase. A scale evaluating common behaviours as actionable examples of WLI was introduced to measure work-life balance.Objectives(1) Explore differences in WLI behaviours by role, specialty and other respondent demographics in a large healthcare system. (2) Evaluate the psychometric properties of the work-life climate scale, and the extent to which it acts like a climate, or group-level norm when used at the work setting level. (3) Explore associations between work-life climate and other healthcare climates including teamwork, safety and burnout.MethodsCross-sectional survey study completed in 2016 of US healthcare workers within a large academic healthcare system.Results10 627 of 13 040 eligible healthcare workers across 440 work settings within seven entities of a large healthcare system (81% response rate) completed the routine safety culture survey. The overall work-life climate scale internal consistency was α=0.830. WLI varied significantly among healthcare worker role, length of time in specialty and work setting. Random effects analyses of variance for the work-life climate scale revealed significant between-work setting and within-work setting variance and intraclass correlations reflected clustering at the work setting level. T-tests of top versus bottom WLI quartile work settings revealed that positive work-life climate was associated with better teamwork and safety climates, as well as lower personal burnout and burnout climate (p<0.001).ConclusionProblems with WLI are common in healthcare workers and differ significantly based on position and time in specialty. Although typically thought of as an individual difference variable, WLI appears to operate as a climate, and is consistently associated with better safety culture norms.

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Job Stress, Burnout, Work-Life Balance, Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction Among Pathology Residents and Fellows

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqaa013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 153 (4) ◽

pp. 449-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melissa Kelly ◽

Ryan Soles ◽

Edna Garcia ◽

Iman Kundu

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Job Stress ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance

Abstract Objectives The study explored job stress, burnout, work-life balance, well-being, and job satisfaction among pathology residents and fellows. The aims were to examine the prevalence and sources of stress and burnout, as well as identify resources to promote work-life balance and well-being and prevent burnout. Methods The study used a cross-sectional survey deployed online to a large national sample of pathology residents and fellows. Results Job stress and burnout were prevalent, with more than a third of the respondents reporting that they were currently experiencing burnout. The respondents, particularly residents, were struggling with academics, and higher percentages were struggling with work-life balance and emotional well-being. Overall, the majority of respondents who rated their work-life balance indicated that it was poor or fair. Among the factors contributing to job stress and burnout and detracting from work-life balance, workload was the leading factor. Conclusions The factors contributing to job stress and burnout included organizational factors such as workload, value, and aspects of the learning environment, as well as personal factors such as work-life integration. One of the overarching implications is the need to address a range of interdependent considerations in designing resources to reduce job stress, promote work-life balance, and prevent burnout.

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Tu1073 Work-Life Balance of Gastroenterology Trainees: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(14)62695-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 146 (5) ◽

pp. S-745

Author(s):

Sultan Mahmood ◽

Amy S. Oxentenko ◽

Tauseef Ali

Keyword(s):

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance

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How Work-Life Balance and Research Skills Proficiency Affect Research Engagement

Postgraduate Research Engagement in Low Resource Settings - Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0264-8.ch007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 115-128

Author(s):

Dennis Zami Atibuni ◽

David Kani Olema ◽

Grace Milly Kibanja ◽

Joseph Ssenyonga

Keyword(s):

Research Process ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Research Skills ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance ◽

Research Engagement ◽

Degree Level

This chapter presents how differences in levels of research engagement arise with respect to levels of work-life balance and research skills proficiency among Master of Education students in Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among two cohorts of the students (N = 102). The work-life balance of the students was generally low (M = 107.48, SD = 23.56). Though the majority of the students, 94 (92.2%), reported high levels of proficiency in research skills (M = 68.96, SD = 10.44), they indicated low levels of communication skills. Significant differences in research engagement existed among the students of different religious affiliations (χ2 = 0.823, p = .05), marital statuses (U = 370.00, p = .027), and levels of research skills proficiency (U = 88.00, p < .01). Implications for educational policy and practice include careful selection and training of adult learners at master's degree level, and staking the students in the research process through effectively imparting 21st century skills.

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Demographics, Interests, and Quality of Life of Canadian Neurosurgery Residents

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2017.263 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 214-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christian Iorio-Morin ◽

Syed Uzair Ahmed ◽

Mark Bigder ◽

Ayoub Dakson ◽

Cameron Elliott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Specialty Choice ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance ◽

As Stress

AbstractBackground:Neurosurgical residents face a unique combination of challenges, including long duty hours, technically challenging cases, and uncertain employment prospects. We sought to assess the demographics, interests, career goals, self-rated happiness, and overall well-being of Canadian neurosurgery residents.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was developed and sent through the Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative to every resident enrolled in a Canadian neurosurgery program as of April 1, 2016.Results:We analyzed 76 completed surveys of 146 eligible residents (52% response rate). The median age was 29 years, with 76% of respondents being males. The most popular subspecialties of interest for fellowship were spine, oncology, and open vascular neurosurgery. The most frequent self-reported number of worked hours per week was the 80- to 89-hour range. The majority of respondents reported a high level of happiness as well as stress. Sense of accomplishment and fatigue were reported as average to high and overall quality of life was low for 19%, average for 49%, and high for 32%. Satisfaction with work-life balance was average for 44% of respondents and was the only tested domain in which significant dissatisfaction was identified (18%). Overall, respondents were highly satisfied with their choice of specialty, choice of program, surgical exposure, and work environment; however, intimidation was reported in 36% of respondents and depression by 17%.Conclusions:Despite a challenging residency and high workload, the majority of Canadian neurosurgery residents are happy and satisfied with their choice of specialty and program. However, work-life balance, employability, resident intimidation, and depression were identified as areas of active concern.

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Examining the pathways by which work–life balance influences safety culture among healthcare workers in Taiwan: path analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey on patient safety culture among hospital staff

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e054143

Author(s):

Yvonne Tran ◽

Hsun-Hsiang Liao ◽

En-Hui Yeh ◽

Louise A Ellis ◽

Robyn Clay-Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Safety Culture ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Safety Climate ◽

Patient Safety Culture ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Life Balance

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the pathways by which work–life balance influences safety climate in hospital settings.DesignA national cross-sectional survey on patient safety culture.SettingsHealthcare workers from 56 hospitals in Taiwan, covering three work settings: intensive care units, operation rooms and emergency departments.Participants14 345 healthcare workers took part in the survey and were included in the present analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Safety Attitudes, Maslach’s Burn-out Inventory and Work–life balance questionnaires were used to measure patient safety culture, teamwork, leadership, emotional exhaustion and work–life balance. Path analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between work–life balance and safety climate. We tested for mediating and moderating factors influencing this relationship.ResultsThe path between work–life balance and safety climate was found to be significant (b=0.32, p<0.001) and explained through a serial mediation. This relationship was found to be mediated by emotional exhaustion followed by teamwork climate in a full mediation. Leadership factors such as identifying as a manager, moderated the indirect pathway between work–life balance and safety climate through teamwork climate (index of moderation: b=0.083, bias corrected 95% CI 0.044 to 0.120) but not through emotional exhaustion or the serial pathway. Subgroup analysis from non-managers on their perception of management was also found to moderate this relationship.ConclusionWe found work–life balance to be associated with safety climate through a fully mediated model. The mediation pathways are moderated by self-identified leadership and perceptions of leadership. Understanding the pathways on how work–life balance influences safety climate provides an explanatory model that can be used when designing effective interventions for implementation in system-based approaches to improve patient safety culture in hospital settings.

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Green Work-Life Balance and Greenwashing the Construct of Work-Life Balance: Myth and Reality

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4556

Author(s):

Anuradha Iddagoda ◽

Eglantina Hysa ◽

Helena Bulińska-Stangrecka ◽

Otilia Manta

Keyword(s):

Job Performance ◽

Employee Engagement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance ◽

Theoretical Contribution ◽

Green Human Resource Management ◽

The Impact

Some of the frequently used buzz words in the corporate sector include green leadership, green human resource management, green employee engagement and green work-life balance. The intention of this article is to identify and examine the logical reasons that govern “green work-life balance” or, in simple terms, “greenwashing” work-life balance. The paper also aims at providing a comprehensive conceptualization of work-life balance, while thoroughly examining the components of measuring the construct. Based on a cross-sectional study in the banking industry with a sample of 170 managerial employees, this study analyzes the impact of work-life balance on employee job performance mediated by employee engagement. Results support the assumed relationship between work-life balance and employee job performance embedded in employee engagement. The theoretical contribution of this study concerns the application of role behavior theory to describe the mechanisms shaping the relationship between work-life balance and job performance through employee engagement. The practical implications of the paper include recommendations for improving job performance by enhancing the work-life balance and strengthening employee engagement.

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The gender gap in work–life balance satisfaction across occupations

Gender in Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/gm-09-2018-0109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 398-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maryam Dilmaghani ◽

Vurain Tabvuma

Keyword(s):

Gender Gap ◽

Large Scale ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance ◽

Content Type ◽

Policy Context ◽

Data Limitations

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the gender gaps in work–life balance satisfaction across occupations. Due to data limitations, the studies of work–life balance satisfaction have generally relied on researcher collected data. As a result, large-scale studies encompassing all occupations in the same social and policy context are rare. In several cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey, the respondents are directly asked about their work–life balance (WLB) satisfaction. The present paper takes advantage of this unique opportunity to compare the gender gap in WLB satisfaction across occupations in Canada. Design/methodology/approach This paper pools four cross-sectional datasets (N = 37,335). Multivariate regression analysis is used. Findings Women in management and education are found to have a lower WLB satisfaction than their male counterparts. Conversely, and rather surprisingly, a WLB satisfaction advantage is found for women in transport over males in this occupation. Further investigation shows that the female WLB advantage in transport is driven by the relatively low WLB satisfaction of males in this occupation, while the opposite is true for education. Social implications The findings are discussed in light of the WLB policies and their increasing gender-blindness. Originality/value This paper is the first large-scale study which compares the gender gap in WLB satisfaction across occupations, in a given policy context.

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Burnout and engagement among PhD students in medicine: the BEeP study

Perspectives on Medical Education ◽

10.1007/s40037-020-00637-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rashmi A. Kusurkar ◽

Stéphanie M. E. van der Burgt ◽

Ulviye Isik ◽

Marianne Mak-van der Vossen ◽

Janneke Wilschut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Balance ◽

Electronic Survey ◽

Lack Of Sleep

Abstract Introduction Using a self-determination theory framework, we investigated burnout and engagement among PhD students in medicine, and their association with motivation, work-life balance and satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted among PhD students at a university medical centre (n = 990) using an electronic survey on background characteristics and validated burnout, engagement, motivation and basic psychological needs questionnaires. Cluster analysis was performed on the burnout subscale scores to find subgroups within the sample which had similar profiles on burnout. Structural equation modelling was conducted on a hypothesized model of frustration of basic psychological needs and burnout. Results The response rate was 47% (n = 464). We found three clusters/subgroups which were composed of PhD students with similar burnout profiles within the cluster and different profiles between the clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 199, 47%) had low scores on burnout. Clusters 2 (n = 168, 40%) and 3 (n = 55, 13%) had moderate and high burnout scores, respectively, and were associated with low engagement scores. Cluster 3, with the highest burnout scores, was associated with the lowest motivational, engagement, needs satisfaction and work-life balance scores. We found a good fit for the “basic psychological needs frustration associated with burnout” model. Discussion The most important variables for burnout among PhD students in medicine were lack of sleep and frustration of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. These add to the factors found in the literature.

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