scholarly journals Positron emission tomography imaging in cardiovascular disease

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (22) ◽  
pp. 1712-1718
Author(s):  
Jason M Tarkin ◽  
Andrej Ćorović ◽  
Christopher Wall ◽  
Deepa Gopalan ◽  
James HF Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Device Infection ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is useful in cardiovascular disease across several areas, from assessment of myocardial perfusion and viability, to highlighting atherosclerotic plaque activity and measuring the extent of cardiac innervation in heart failure. Other important roles of PET have emerged in prosthetic valve endocarditis, implanted device infection, infiltrative cardiomyopathies, aortic stenosis and cardio-oncology. Advances in scanner technology, including hybrid PET/MRI and total body PET imaging, as well as the development of novel PET tracers and cardiac-specific postprocessing techniques using artificial intelligence will undoubtedly continue to progress the field.

Abstract 12375: Vascular Inflammation Evaluated by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Honda ◽  
Nobuhiro Tahara ◽  
Atsuko Tahara ◽  
Sachiyo Igata ◽  
Yoshikazu Nitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Fat Volume

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an initial step for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, involvement of vascular inflammation in endothelial dysfunction is not fully investigated in humans. We assessed the relationship between endothelial function and vascular inflammation evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods and Results: We examined endothelial function and vascular inflammation, which were evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery functionally and FDG-PET imaging of carotid arteries, respectively, in 128 subjects (83 males and 45 females; mean age 61.8 ± 10.0 years) who underwent a risk-screening test for cardiovascular disease in Kurume University Hospital. Vascular inflammation of the carotid arteries was measured by blood-normalized standardized uptake value, known as a target-to-background ratio (TBR). Mean percent change in vasodilation (percent change over the baseline values; %FMD) and carotid TBR were 5.60 ± 2.24 % and 1.43 ± 0.22, respectively. %FMD was less in men than in women. In univariate analysis, %FMD was inversely correlated with age (p=0.011), systolic blood pressure (p=0.014), carotid artery maximum intima-media thickness (p=0.014), HbA1c (p=0.020), visceral fat volume (p=0.005), or TBR values (p<0.001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that age (p=0.034), visceral fat volume (p=0.002), and TBR values (p<0.001) were independently associated with decreased %FMD (R2=0.245). Conclusions: We found here that vascular inflammation in the carotid arteries evaluated by FDG-PET was one of the independent association of decreased %FMD, thus suggesting that vascular inflammation might contribute to endothelial dysfunction in humans.

scholarly journals Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Reveals an Importance of Saturable Liver Uptake Transport for the Pharmacokinetics of Metoclopramide

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Caillé ◽  
Sébastien Goutal ◽  
Solène Marie ◽  
Sylvain Auvity ◽  
Salvatore Cisternino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Tracer Dose ◽  
Positron Emission

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using [11C]metoclopramide, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, was used to investigate the contribution of transport processes to metoclopramide liver clearance. The liver kinetics obtained after injection of [11C]metoclopramide were measured using PET in rats (n=4‐5) in the absence (tracer dose) and the presence of a pharmacologic dose of metoclopramide (3 mg/kg), with or without P-gp inhibition using i.v. tariquidar (8 mg/kg). Corresponding [11C]metoclopramide kinetics and metabolism in plasma (n=3) were measured using radio-HPLC analysis. [11C]metoclopramide exposure to the liver and plasma was described by the area under the time-activity curve (AUC) of the radioactivity kinetics in the liver and parent [11C]metoclopramide kinetics in plasma, respectively. The pharmacologic dose of metoclopramide resulted in a ∼2.2-fold increase in [11C]metoclopramide AUCplasma, while P-gp inhibition did not. AUCliver was lower using the pharmacologic dose (42.9 ± 13.8 SUV·min) compared with the tracer dose (210.0 ± 32.4 SUV·min). P-gp inhibition enhanced the liver exposure in the pharmacologic condition only (81.0 ± 3.1 SUV·min). [11C]metoclopramide PET imaging suggests an unpredicted role for hepatocyte uptake transporter(s) in controlling metoclopramide pharmacokinetics in addition to the known contribution of the metabolic enzymes and the P-gp.

scholarly journals Frontiers in positron emission tomography imaging of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (14) ◽  
pp. 1952-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G MacAskill ◽  
David E Newby ◽  
Adriana A S Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Huge Impact

AbstractRupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques leading to an atherothrombotic event is the primary driver of myocardial infarction and stroke. The ability to detect non-invasively the presence and evolution of vulnerable plaques could have a huge impact on the future identification and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with an appropriate radiotracer has the potential to achieve this goal. This review will discuss the biological hallmarks of plaque vulnerability before going on to evaluate and to present PET imaging approaches which target these processes. The focus of this review will be on techniques beyond [18F]FDG imaging, some of which are clinically advanced, and others which are on the horizon. As inflammation is the primary driving force behind atherosclerotic plaque development, we will predominantly focus on approaches which either directly, or indirectly, target this process.

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Meningioma in Clinical Practice

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frederick Cornelius ◽  
Karl Josef Langen ◽  
Gabriele Stoffels ◽  
Daniel Hänggi ◽  
Michael Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Meningiomas represent about 20% of intracranial tumors and are the most frequent nonglial primary brain tumors. Diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mainstays of therapy are surgery and radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is tested in clinical trials of phase II. Patients are followed clinically by imaging. However, classical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI have limitations. Hence, we need supplementary imaging tools. Molecular imaging modalities, especially positron emission tomography (PET), represent promising new instruments that are able to characterize specific metabolic features. So far, these modalities have only been part of limited study protocols, and their impact on clinical routine management is still under investigation. It may be expected that their extended use will provide new aspects about meningioma imaging and biology. In the present article, we summarize PET imaging for meningiomas based on a thorough review of the literature. We discuss and illustrate the potential role of PET imaging in the clinical management of meningiomas. Finally, we indicate current limitations and outline directions for future research.

scholarly journals Harnessing the PD-L1 interface peptide for positron emission tomography imaging of the PD-1 immune checkpoint

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Kuan Hu ◽  
Lin Xie ◽  
Masayuki Hanyu ◽  
Yiding Zhang ◽  
Lingyun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

Leveraging interface peptides in PD-L1 for PET imaging of PD-1, providing a new paradigm for radiotracer development.

Positron emission tomography imaging in evaluation of MS pathology in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1399-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Högel ◽  
Eero Rissanen ◽  
Anna Vuorimaa ◽  
Laura Airas
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Density Evaluation

Positron emission tomography (PET) gives an opportunity to quantitate the expression of specific molecular targets in vivo and longitudinally in brain and thus enhances our possibilities to understand and follow up multiple sclerosis (MS)-related pathology. For successful PET imaging, one needs a relevant target molecule within the brain, to which a blood–brain barrier–penetrating specific radioligand will bind. 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-binding radioligands have been used to detect activated microglial cells at different stages of MS, and remyelination has been measured using amyloid PET. Several PET ligands for the detection of other inflammatory targets, besides TSPO, have been developed but not yet been used for imaging MS patients. Finally, synaptic density evaluation has been successfully tested in human subjects and gives opportunities for the evaluation of the development of cortical and deep gray matter pathology in MS. This review will discuss PET imaging modalities relevant for MS today.

Usefulness of positron emission tomography for differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takei ◽  
Jun Shinoda ◽  
Soko Ikuta ◽  
Takashi Maruyama ◽  
Yoshihiro Muragaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEPositron emission tomography (PET) is important in the noninvasive diagnostic imaging of gliomas. There are many PET studies on glioma diagnosis based on the 2007 WHO classification; however, there are no studies on glioma diagnosis using the new classification (the 2016 WHO classification). Here, the authors investigated the relationship between uptake of 11C-methionine (MET), 11C-choline (CHO), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on PET imaging and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status (wild-type [IDH-wt] or mutant [IDH-mut]) in astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors according to the 2016 WHO classification.METHODSIn total, 105 patients with newly diagnosed cerebral gliomas (6 diffuse astrocytomas [DAs] with IDH-wt, 6 DAs with IDH-mut, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas [AAs] with IDH-wt, 24 AAs with IDH-mut, 26 glioblastomas [GBMs] with IDH-wt, 5 GBMs with IDH-mut, 19 oligodendrogliomas [ODs], and 12 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas [AOs]) were included. All OD and AO patients had both IDH-mut and 1p/19q codeletion. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor/mean SUV of normal cortex (T/N) ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG were calculated, and the mean T/N ratios of DA, AA, and GBM with IDH-wt and IDH-mut were compared. The diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing gliomas with IDH-wt from those with IDH-mut was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the mean T/N ratios for the 3 PET tracers.RESULTSThere were significant differences in the mean T/N ratios for all 3 PET tracers between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups of all histological classifications (p < 0.001). Among the 27 gliomas with mean T/N ratios higher than the cutoff values for all 3 PET tracers, 23 (85.2%) were classified into the IDH-wt group using ROC analysis. In DA, there were no significant differences in the T/N ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups. In AA, the mean T/N ratios of all 3 PET tracers in the IDH-wt group were significantly higher than those in the IDH-mut group (p < 0.01). In GBM, the mean T/N ratio in the IDH-wt group was significantly higher than that in the IDH-mut group for both MET (p = 0.034) and CHO (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the ratio for FDG.CONCLUSIONSPET imaging using MET, CHO, and FDG was suggested to be informative for preoperatively differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 WHO classification, particularly for differentiating IDH-wt and IDH-mut tumors.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography for Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Gaetano Barbagallo ◽  
Salvatore D`Angelo ◽  
Pasqualina Sannino ◽  
Saverio Naty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Positron Emission

In the last years, an increasing interest in molecular imaging has been raised by the extending potential of positron emission tomography [PET]. The role of PET imaging, originally confined to the oncology setting, is continuously extending thanks to the development of novel radiopharmaceutical and to the implementation of hybrid imaging techniques, where PET scans are combined with computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] in order to improve spatial resolution. Early preclinical studies suggested that 18F–FDG PET can detect neuroinflammation; new developing radiopharmaceuticals targeting more specifically inflammation-related molecules are moving in this direction. Neurological involvement is a distinct feature of various systemic autoimmune diseases, i.e. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] or Behcet’s disease [BD]. Although MRI is largely considered the gold-standard imaging technique for the detection of Central Nervous System [CNS] involvement in these disorders. Several patients complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms [headache, epilepsy, anxiety or depression] in the absence of any significant MRI finding; in such patients the diagnosis relies mainly on clinical examination and often the role of the disease process versus iatrogenic or reactive forms is doubtful. The aim of this review is to explore the state-of-the-art for the role of PET imaging in CNS involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases. In addition, we explore the potential role of emerging radiopharmaceutical and their possible application in aiding the diagnosis of CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

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