scholarly journals Fatal motor vehicle crashes in rural and urban areas: decomposing rates into contributing factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zwerling
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Trend Analyses of Emergency Medical Services for Motor Vehicle Crashes: Michigan Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2635 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Osama Abudayyeh ◽  
Tycho Fredericks ◽  
Megan Kuk ◽  
Michelle Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Timely Response

The timely response of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel at a crash site may help prevent loss of life and thereby impact the quality of life for an individual at risk. Thus, availability of and access to quantitative data on EMS activities is critical. This study was conducted to review the data collected by the Michigan Department of Community Health, Emergency Medical Services Section, from a five-year period starting in 2010. The intent was to identify current EMS response, treatment, and transport trends. Among the results noted in this paper, it was identified that on average, the total times involved from the dispatch call to the drop-off of a patient from a motor vehicle collision (MVC) in Michigan were approximately 56 and 43 min for rural and urban areas, respectively. The results from this study could be utilized to guide and direct future EMS initiatives relating to MVCs. The analysis might also be beneficial in predicting the types of injuries that occur in specific types of vehicle crashes. Several challenges and recommendations are provided in the paper.

Exploration of Contributing Factors Related to Driver Errors on Highway Segments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (38) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Razaur Rahman Shaon ◽  
Xiao Qin ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multinomial Probit Model ◽  
Driver Error

A significant portion of crashes occurred on highway segments, with more than 90% of crashes associated with driving errors. To avoid a crash, a driver needs to detect a hazard, decide the safest driving maneuvers, and execute them properly. Driver errors at any of these sequential phases may lead to a crash; therefore, it is necessary to identify the contributing factors and assess their influence on driver behavior. To assist this investigation, a multinomial probit model was employed to study driver errors reported in crashes in rural and urban areas. The modeling results identified many highway geometric features, traffic conditions, roadway events, and driver characteristics as statistically correlated to different types of driver error. Following the extensive list, the impacts of error-contributing factors were discussed within each error category. This exercise helps to gain a better understanding of similar or varying effects of explanatory variables across different error categories. The broad and insightful information will help researchers and safety professionals to better understand when, where, and how the driver error may lead to a crash and to develop cost-effective preventive countermeasures.

ESTABLISHING THE WELL-BEING OF THE RURAL-URBAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD ◽  
AZLINDA AZMAN ◽  
JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN ◽  
ISMAIL BABA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

This study determines and compares the influence of various demographic factors in achieving well-being of the elderly population in the rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Age, marital status, social class, perceived health and economic condition are some of the main contributing factors in measuring well-being. In addition, social aspects such as living and familial arrangement were also investigated to establish elderly population well being. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. A total of 157 elderly in the urban areas and 145 elderly in the rural areas were surveyed. A causal model of well-being was employed to analyse the data obtained. The model of well-being was then tested using path analysis to test the causal relationships among the variables. Although the study indicated that there was no significant difference of well-being between the rural and urban elderly, the social support variables generally help improve the well-being of the elderly population.

Modeling Pedestrian Injury Severity in Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes in Rural and Urban Areas: Mixed Logit Model Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Wei (David) Fan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
Injury Severities

Pedestrian-vehicle crashes are more likely to result in severe pedestrian incapacitating injuries and fatalities than other types of crashes. In this study, mixed logit models are developed to investigate and identify significant contributing factors to the pedestrian injury severity in pedestrian-vehicle crashes in both rural and urban areas in North Carolina, United States. Pedestrian-vehicle crash data from the Highway Safety Information System database from 2005 to 2012 are collected and used in this study. Crash injury severities are classified into five categories: fatality; injury class 1 (disabling injury); injury class 2 (evident injury); injury class 3 (possible injury); and no injury (property damage only). The estimation results show that factors such as a bad driver’s physical condition, heavy trucks, dark light condition, speed limit between 35 and 50 mph and speed limit above 50 mph will significantly increase pedestrian injury severities in both rural and urban areas. The developed model and analysis results provide insights on developing effective countermeasures to reduce pedestrian injury severities in pedestrian-vehicle crashes and improve traffic system safety performance.

scholarly journals Safety Events Impacting Hospitalized Patients Following Motor Vehicle Crashes: A Qualitative Study of Reports From Pennsylvania Hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kukielka
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Patient Harm ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Safety Reporting ◽  
Communication Breakdowns

Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and around the world. When a patient who has experienced trauma in an MVC presents to the emergency department, they may be unable to participate in their own care due to numerous factors, such as being unconscious, physically incapacitated, or suffering from confusion. To better characterize challenges with care of these patients, we analyzed reports of patient safety events submitted to the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) related to MVCs, and we identified 282 reports for analysis that occurred from 2018–2020. Patients were more often male (58.9%; 166 of 282) than female (41.1%; 116 of 282), and they ranged in age from 1 to 93 years. A total of 13.1% (37 of 282) of reports were classified as serious events (i.e., events that resulted in patient harm), compared with 2.9% in the full acute care PA-PSRS database. Problems with monitoring or treatment were most common (43.3%; 122 of 282), followed by problems with evaluation (18.4%; 52 of 282), falls (11.7%; 33 of 282), problems with documentation (7.4%; 21 of 282), medication errors (7.4%; 21 of 282), and problems with transfers (6.4%; 18 of 282). Some potential contributing factors included communication breakdowns, lack of policies or protocols or unawareness about existing policies or protocols for treating certain patient populations, and prioritization of conditions related to an MVC over underlying health conditions.

scholarly journals Modeling bicyclist injury severity in bicycle–motor vehicle crashes that occurred in urban and rural areas: a mixed logit analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijing Lin ◽  
Wei (David) Fan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare the contributing factors to bicyclist injury severity in urban and rural areas. Two mixed logit models are developed for both the urban and rural areas separately to identify factors that significantly contribute to the injury severity outcome of bicyclists resulting from bicycle–motor vehicle crashes. Data collected from 2007 to 2014 in North Carolina are utilized for the model development. The model estimation results show that factors including bicyclist age from 25 to 54, driver age under 25, vehicle speed, and divided road are found to significantly affect the injury severity outcome of bicyclists in bicycle–motor vehicle crashes in rural areas only. In contrast, factors including drivers age over 60, van, single unit truck, head-on crash, motorist overtaking bicyclist, two-way roadway, road condition, and crash time are found to have a significant impact on the injury severity of bicyclists in urban areas only.

scholarly journals INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS AND TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Purnima Mahto ◽  
Viraj Dubey ◽  
Jaya Panhotra
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Women And Children

Industrial progress and ubiquitous technological adoption are major contributing factors to air pollution in developed countries. Air pollution is equally serious in rural and urban areas of our country. In rural India, majority of women use bio mass fuel (unprocessed fuel) for cooking and heating that causes lots of indoor pollution. Rural women heavily depend on fuel wood and bio mass fuels for cooking activity in which concomitant release of hazardous smoke is a major problem especially in poorly ventilated closed kitchen space. Women and children who spend major part of their time indoors are more prone to be affected by the smoke released by fuel wood burning. To reduce the harmful / hazardous effect of smoke, the intervention of improved technologies like smokeless stoves, domestic biogas plant, processed bio mass fuels (Charring and Briquetting) may be made available to rural parts in India.

scholarly journals Contributing Factors to Older-Driver Injury Severity in Rural and Urban Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loshaka Perera ◽  
Sunanda Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Older Driver ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Road Type

Older drivers tend to be involved in more severe crashes compared to middle-aged drivers, and U.S. Census Population statistics indicate that the older-driver population is rapidly increasing. Therefore, an improvement in older-driver safety is both important and necessary. In this analysis, a statistical modeling technique was used to identify factors contributing to older-driver injury severity. Two separate models were developed for rural and urban locations, which incorporated several potential explanatory variables. Speed, gender, presence of passengers, road type and street-lighting conditions were found to be important factors affecting injury severity of older drivers on both rural and urban roads.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document