scholarly journals INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: HEALTH HAZARDS AND TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Purnima Mahto ◽  
Viraj Dubey ◽  
Jaya Panhotra
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Women And Children

Industrial progress and ubiquitous technological adoption are major contributing factors to air pollution in developed countries. Air pollution is equally serious in rural and urban areas of our country. In rural India, majority of women use bio mass fuel (unprocessed fuel) for cooking and heating that causes lots of indoor pollution. Rural women heavily depend on fuel wood and bio mass fuels for cooking activity in which concomitant release of hazardous smoke is a major problem especially in poorly ventilated closed kitchen space. Women and children who spend major part of their time indoors are more prone to be affected by the smoke released by fuel wood burning. To reduce the harmful / hazardous effect of smoke, the intervention of improved technologies like smokeless stoves, domestic biogas plant, processed bio mass fuels (Charring and Briquetting) may be made available to rural parts in India.

scholarly journals INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASED EMPLOYMENT FACILITATION FOR SKILLED AND UNSKILLED POOR WOMEN IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8(SE)) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
G. Jayashri ◽  
R. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Power Base

Information Technology (IT) is known as a valuable tool for information dissemination. Today, information communication technology can be used as a powerful tool to improve quality and efficiency in creating employment for poor urban and rural women. The increasing development of technology-based tools and their adaptation speed with human requirements has led to a new form of the learning environment and creative, active and inclusive interaction. These days, information is one of the most important power resources in every organization and accordingly, acquiring information, especially central or strategic one can help organizations to build a power base and influence others. The aim of this study was to identify the most important criteria in job empowerment using IT and also the advantages of assessing empowerment.

scholarly journals A multiethnic association analysis of hyperuricaemia with cardiovascular risk in rural and urban areas in Chinese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Liu ◽  
Juan Lei ◽  
Linyuan Zhang ◽  
Nana Ma ◽  
Zixuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractComprehensive research on rural–urban disparities in the association of hyperuricaemia (HUA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China, especially among minority groups, is limited. We explored the HUA-CVD relationship between rural and urban areas within ethnic Chinese groups. We included Dong, Miao, and Bouyei adults in Southwest China from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between HUA and CVD in both residences. We performed stratified analyses by sex and age. The study population included 16,618 people (37.48% Dong, 30.00% Miao, and 32.52% Bouyei) without a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. We identified 476 (188 Dong, 119 Miao, and 169 Bouyei) and 175 (62 Dong, 77 Miao, and 36 Bouyei) CVD cases in rural and urban areas. Compared to urban residents, an at least 49% increased CVD risk (adjusted OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06–2.08 for the Dong ethnic group; 1.55, 1.07–2.25 for the Bouyei ethnic group) and a 1.65-fold elevated coronary heart disease risk (1.65, 1.03–2.64) related to HUA was present in rural residents. Moreover, HUA was positively associated with increased risk of CVD and coronary heart disease in rural women (2.05, 1.26–3.31; 2.11, 1.19–3.75) and rural older adults (1.83, 1.22–2.75; 2.32, 1.39–3.87) among the Bouyei ethnic group, respectively. We found rural elderly individuals with HUA among the Dong ethnic group had a 52% elevated risk of CVD (1.52, 1.05–2.21); furthermore, an at least 79% increased risk of stroke related to HUA was observed in women (2.24, 1.09–4.62) and elderly people (1.79, 1.02–3.13) in rural areas among the Dong ethnic group. But a positive association was not found among the Miao ethnic group. Screening early-onset HUA patients may be helpful for the control and prevention of CVD in rural residents, especially for women and older adults living in a rural community, among the Dong and Bouyei ethnic groups in China.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF DEATHS FROM RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF ANANTHAPURAMU DISTRICT DUE TO INTENTIONAL AND UNINTENTIONAL POISONING

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Vishnu Vardhan Poluru ◽  
Kathi Aswani Kishore ◽  
Brahmaji Master Parigala
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Medicolegal Autopsy

BACKGROUND: Pesticides poisoning is most common in developing countries, whereas psychiatric medications top the list in developed countries. In this study, an analysis of deaths due to poisoning is done with respect to age, gender, nature of poisoning, type of poison, and socioeconomic status to propose some precautions to prevent deaths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study is conducted after collecting details of 75 cases of intentional and unintentional poisoning who were brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Ananthapuramu for medicolegal autopsy. Children were excluded from the study due to insufficient data. RESULTS: Total of 75 cases are selected to conduct the study. Organophosphorus poisoning tops the list. Most of the cases are suicidal in nature. Lower class people and males are involved mostly. CONCLUSION: Poisoning in India is a socio-economic problem. Regulation of sale of poisons cannot not prevent the incidence of cases. Hence a holistic approach is necessary to uplift society as a whole by solving the problems of poverty, unemployment, industrial development, adequate health care, suitable and sufficient education, etc.

scholarly journals Differences in Packaging Priorities in Food Products for Women Living in Rural and Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Aysun YENER ÖGÜR ◽  
Zeynep TÜFEKÇİ ◽  
Süheyla ŞİMŞEK
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Packaging Industry

The aim of the study is to reveal the differences in the packaging priorities used in food products of women living in rural and urban areas. The data used in the research were obtained by questionnaire technique. For sample size, the proportional sampling method was used. 70 in Selçuklu district of Konya and 70 in Çumra district, in total 140 questionnaires were determined. The data obtained from the survey results were transformed into tables according to rural and urban women. As a result; For women living in rural and urban areas, the color and shape of the packaging are effective in taking and distinguishing the product. Rural women prefer more relaxing colors in their packaging color preferences, while women living in urban areas prefer more stimulating colors. Women living in both rural and urban areas are aware of the information written on the packaging. As a result, companies in the packaging industry should determine the packaging material and color according to the communities they address.

scholarly journals Risk factors of acute poisoning among children: A study at a poisoning unit of a university hospital in Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed M Alazab ◽  
Mahmoud T Elmougy ◽  
Ramadan A Fayad ◽  
Hoda F Abdelsalam ◽  
Amr S Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Promotion Programs

Childhood poisoning is a major cause of morbidity in both developing and developed countries. In spite of the suc-cess of some interventions to prevent accidental poisoning in the pediatric population, toxic ingestions continue to be a common occurrence. This aim of this study was to identify the incidence rate and determinants of acute poison-ing among children (1-60 months old) who were admitted to the Poisoning Unit of a university hospital in Egypt. A study was conducted in the period from July 2011 until May 2012 at the poisoning unit of a university hospital. The studied children were from both rural and urban areas, were a mix of boys and girls, did not suffer from any mental disabilities, were aged between 1 month old to 60 months old, and were of Egyptian nationality. Data was collected by using a clinical examination form and a questionnaire. All parents/carers of the studied children were interviewed as well. Clinical assessment of the children included: general health conditions; AVPU (alert, respond to verbal stim-uli, respond to painful stimuli, unconsciousness); and clinical examinations. The findings of the study demonstrated that 18.5% of total admissions were children (1-60 months old), 62.5% were males, 83.3% did not attend nursery, 79.9% were from urban areas, 33% of mothers were illiterate, and 60.2% of poisonings were due to household prod-ucts. Kerosene alone was implicated in 24.3% of all cases; 37.4% of cases took place in the kitchen; 47.4% of cases were poisoned during the period between 8am and 4pm, and 65.4% reached the poisoning unit within 2 to 4 hours of accidental poisoning. Risk factors among the studied children were ordered by stepwise regression analysis as the following: non employed mothers; children who did not attend nursery; children of the male gender; and the educa-tion and literacy level of their mothers. Effective health promotion programs for parents and carers regarding poi-soning hazards are needed to increase awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15943 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 41-47

Exploration of Contributing Factors Related to Driver Errors on Highway Segments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (38) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Razaur Rahman Shaon ◽  
Xiao Qin ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multinomial Probit Model ◽  
Driver Error

A significant portion of crashes occurred on highway segments, with more than 90% of crashes associated with driving errors. To avoid a crash, a driver needs to detect a hazard, decide the safest driving maneuvers, and execute them properly. Driver errors at any of these sequential phases may lead to a crash; therefore, it is necessary to identify the contributing factors and assess their influence on driver behavior. To assist this investigation, a multinomial probit model was employed to study driver errors reported in crashes in rural and urban areas. The modeling results identified many highway geometric features, traffic conditions, roadway events, and driver characteristics as statistically correlated to different types of driver error. Following the extensive list, the impacts of error-contributing factors were discussed within each error category. This exercise helps to gain a better understanding of similar or varying effects of explanatory variables across different error categories. The broad and insightful information will help researchers and safety professionals to better understand when, where, and how the driver error may lead to a crash and to develop cost-effective preventive countermeasures.

ESTABLISHING THE WELL-BEING OF THE RURAL-URBAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD ◽  
AZLINDA AZMAN ◽  
JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN ◽  
ISMAIL BABA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

This study determines and compares the influence of various demographic factors in achieving well-being of the elderly population in the rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Age, marital status, social class, perceived health and economic condition are some of the main contributing factors in measuring well-being. In addition, social aspects such as living and familial arrangement were also investigated to establish elderly population well being. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. A total of 157 elderly in the urban areas and 145 elderly in the rural areas were surveyed. A causal model of well-being was employed to analyse the data obtained. The model of well-being was then tested using path analysis to test the causal relationships among the variables. Although the study indicated that there was no significant difference of well-being between the rural and urban elderly, the social support variables generally help improve the well-being of the elderly population.

scholarly journals Particulate Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Position in Rural and Urban Areas of the Northeastern United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (S1) ◽  
pp. S224-S230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Brochu ◽  
Jeff D. Yanosky ◽  
Christopher J. Paciorek ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
Jarvis T. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Violence against rural women: conceptions of professionals in the intersectoral network of care

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-179
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bervian ◽  
Marta Cocco Da Costa ◽  
Ethel Bastos Da Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Arboit ◽  
Fernanda Honnef
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
La Red

Introducción: La violencia contra las mujeres tanto en áreas rurales como urbanas requiere para su enfrentamiento la articulación de diferentes sectores, a través de una red de atención.Objetivo: Conocer las concepciones de profesionales de la red de atención acerca de la violencia contra las mujeres rurales.Método: Investigación cualitativa, realizada con 26 profesionales de la red de atención a las mujeres rurales en situación de violencia en cuatro municipios de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La generación de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, siendo analizadas por el análisis de contenido temático.Resultados: Los profesionales relacionaban la violencia contra las mujeres rurales a aspectos culturales, generacionales y heterogeneidades de género, que naturalizan la violencia. Indicaban los distintos tipos de violencia vivenciados, desde la violencia física, psicológica, moral, sexual, dependencia, privación de libertad hasta las jornadas de trabajo intensas.Conclusiones: Los hallazgos refuerzan las desigualdades de género que perpetúan la subyugación y sumisión de las mujeres rurales. Introduction: Violence against women in both rural and urban areas requires the coordination of different sectors through a network of care. Objective: To know the conceptions of professionals of the care network about violence against rural women. Method: Qualitative research carried out with 26 professionals from the network of care to rural women in situations of violence in four cities of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Data were generated semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the thematic content analysis. Results: Professionals related violence against rural women to cultural, generational and gender heterogeneities, which makes violence natural. They pointed to the different types of violence experienced, either physical, psychological, moral, and sexual violence, dependence, deprivation of liberty and intense work hours. Conclusions: The findings reinforce the gender inequalities that perpetuate the subjugation and submission of rural women. Introdução: A violência contra mulheres tanto em áreas rurais quanto urbanas requer para seu enfrentamento a articulação de diferentes setores, por meio de uma rede de atendimento. Objetivo: Conhecer as concepções de profissionais da rede de atendimento acerca da violência contra mulheres rurais. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 26 profissionais da rede de atendimento às mulheres rurais em situação de violência em quatro municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A geração de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo analisadas pela análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os profissionais relacionavam a violência contra as mulheres rurais a aspectos culturais, geracionais e heterogeneidades de gênero, que naturalizam a violência. Apontavam os diferentes tipos de violência vivenciados, desde a violência física, psicológica, moral, sexual, dependência, privação de liberdade até as jornadas de trabalho intensas. Conclusões: Os achados reforçam as desigualdades de gênero que perpetuam a subjugação e submissão das mulheres rurais.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document