scholarly journals Early childcare type predicts children’s emotional and behavioural trajectories into middle childhood. Data from the EDEN mother–child cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1033-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramchandar Gomajee ◽  
Fabienne El-Khoury ◽  
Sylvana Côté ◽  
Judith van der Waerden ◽  
Laura Pryor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Early Childcare ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe scientific literature on the impact of early childcare on children’s behavioural and emotional difficulties shows contrasting results. We studied this association in France, where childcare is of high quality and children enter preschool at the age of 3.Methods1428 children from the EDEN (Etude des Déterminants du développement et de la santé de l’ENfant) mother–child cohort set up in France (Nancy and Poitiers) were followed up since pregnancy to the age of 8 years. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to model their trajectories of behavioural and emotional symptoms (emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problems, prosocial behaviours) ascertained by three measures (3, 5.5 and 8 years) of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Using propensity scores and inverse probability weights (IPWs) to account for selection and confounding factors, we compared children in a childminder’s care or in centre-based childcare (from birth to age 3) with those in informal childcare.ResultsCompared with children in informal childcare, those who attended centre-based childcare had a lower likelihood of having high levels of emotional symptoms (ORIPW-adjusted=0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.71), peer relationship problems (ORIPW-adjusted=0.31, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.67) and low prosocial behaviours (ORIPW-adjusted=0.50, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.90). Those who were looked after by a childminder had a higher likelihood of following a high trajectory of conduct problems (ORIPW-adjusted=1.72, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.81). Attendance of centre-based childcare for more than 1 year was especially protective of high levels of emotional, peer-related difficulties and low prosocial behaviours. Girls and children from a favourable socioeconomic background reaped more benefits of childcare than boys and those from a less favourable background.ConclusionHigh-quality centre-based childcare may be linked to lower levels of emotional symptoms.

scholarly journals Adaptive Functioning in Students with Cochlear Implants Assessed in Spain through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Olga María Alegre De la Rosa ◽  
David Pérez-Jorge ◽  
María del Carmen Rodríguez Jiménez ◽  
Ana Isabel González Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Specialist Teachers

Cochlear implantation has become increasingly accepted as an option for early implantation in the deaf. The aim of this study was to compare the opinions of 250 classroom teachers and 200 speech, language and hearing specialist teachers regarding the behavior and emotions of the students with cochlear implants using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is divided between 5 scales: a) emotional symptoms, b) conduct problems, c) prosocial behavior, d) peer relationship problems, and e) hyperactivity/inattention. The results have shown that there are important discrepancies between the two, both in the externalization of conduct problems and in prosocial behaviors, although there are notable coincidences related to attention factors and to the exceptional presence of emotional symptoms of these students in new situations.

scholarly journals Latent Class Analysis of Mental Health in Middle Childhood: Evidence for the Dual-Factor Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-800
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Petersen ◽  
Neil Humphrey ◽  
Pamela Qualter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Symptoms

Abstract Mental health is complex, comprising both mental distress and well-being. This study used latent class analysis to identify common combinations of mental distress and well-being (‘mental health classes’) among schoolchildren aged 8–9 years (N = 3340). Thirteen items, measuring a range of conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and subjective well-being, were included in the analysis. Four mental health classes were identified: (1) complete mental health (n = 1895, 57%), (2) vulnerable (n = 434, 13%), (3) emotional symptoms but content (n = 606, 18%), and (4) conduct problems but content (n = 404, 12%). The classes were reliably identified across different datasets, and for males and females. Differential relations with covariates indicated that mental health classes were distinct and externally valid. The results supported the dual-factor model of mental health, suggesting that mental distress and subjective well-being are separate continua. Three of the four possible combinations of high and low distress and subjective well-being posited by the dual-factor model were found using this inductive statistical method. Importantly, our analysis also revealed two ‘symptomatic but content’ groups, differentiated by symptom domain (internalising/externalising). The covariate analyses between mental health classes and sociodemographic factors, prior academic attainment, school connectedness, and peer support, indicated that there are nuanced relations between those variables and particular constellations of mental distress and well-being. As one of the few dual-factor studies to focus on middle childhood, the current study adds important new evidence that contributes to our understanding of the complexities of mental health among schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties during COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Nonweiler ◽  
Fiona Rattray ◽  
Jennifer Baulcomb ◽  
Francesca Happé ◽  
Michael Absoud
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Mental Health Effects ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours

Children and young people (CYP) with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) may be particularly vulnerable to adverse mental health effects due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional U.K. parent-reported study from 2nd April–2nd June 2020, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. CYP with NDDs (n = 371), compared to neurotypical controls, had a higher prevalence of emotional symptoms (42% vs. 15%) and conduct problems (28% vs. 9%), and fewer prosocial behaviours (54% vs. 22%). All groups had worse emotional symptoms than pre-COVID groups, and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder showed inflated conduct problems, while those with autism spectrum disorder exhibited decreased prosocial behaviours. Females with ASD had higher emotional symptoms compared to males. CYP with NDDs, and those without, showed higher levels of parent-reported mental health problems than comparable cohorts pre-COVID-19.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: a randomized controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Khoshbakht ◽  
Fatemeh Moghtaderi ◽  
Reza Bidaki ◽  
Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Amin Salehi-Abargouei
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet has several components that might improve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) aimed to investigate the effect of the DASH diet on ADHD symptoms in children, for the first time.Methods Children (aged 6-12 years) with ADHD were randomized to receive a DASH or a control diet for 12 weeks. The severity of ADHD symptoms [determined by abbreviated 10-item Conner’s scale (ACS), 18-item Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) scale and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)], as well as dietary intakes, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements, were assessed every four weeks. The symptom scores provided by teachers, parents, and children were compared between the two groups, in multivariable-adjusted models.Results A total of 80 children completed the study. After adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, and baseline values significant group effects were observed for parent-reported ACS score, children-reported emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, and parent-reported scores of prosocial behaviors based on the SDQ scale (Pgroup<0.05). Significant group*time effects were indicated in teacher-reported ACS score, teacher-reported Hyperactivity and impulsivity, and parent-reported combined score based on SNAP-IV, and teacher/child-reported scores for hyperactivity, parent and teacher-reported scores of emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behavior, and also teacher/parent/child-reported total SDQ score (Pgroup*time<0.05). The adjusted mean in teacher/parent-reported ACS scores, teacher/parent/child-reported hyperactivity, and total SDQ scores, teacher-reported emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behaviors assessed by the SDQ were significantly improved in the DASH compared to the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Adherence to the DASH diet might beneficially improve ADHD symptoms. Further RCTs with more follow-up period which include participants from both sexes are needed to confirm these results.Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (registration code: IRCT20130223012571N6).

Dietary diversity and mental health in preschoolers in rural China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shaoping Li ◽  
Kevin Chen ◽  
Chengfang Liu ◽  
Jieying Bi ◽  
Zhenya He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Relationship Problems

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems among preschoolers in rural China and examine the relationship between dietary diversity and mental health. Design: A cross-sectional survey analysis was performed. Child mental health was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Child dietary diversity was assessed with the dietary diversity score (DDS), which was calculated based on nine food groups using a 24-h recall method. Data were analysed using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models. Setting: Two nationally designated poverty counties in Hunan Province of China. Participants: Preschoolers (n 1334) aged 3–5 years, preschools (n 26). Results: Of 950 preschoolers with data on both dietary diversity and mental health, 663 (70 %) were classified as having at least one kind of mental health problem. The prevalences of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, symptoms of hyperactive/inattention, peer relationship problems and poor prosocial behaviour were 39, 27, 23, 12 and 26 %, respectively. Male preschoolers showed higher risks of having mental health problems than their female counterparts on each SDQ subscale except for conduct problems. Moreover, a higher DDS was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of having symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems and prosocial behaviour problems after adjustment for confounders (preschoolers’ age, gender, cognitive ability, parental migration status, primary caregiver’s education and household socio-economic status). Conclusions: The prevalence of mental health problems was high among preschoolers in rural China. Improving child dietary diversity might be an important strategy to consider in the design of interventions to improve child mental health.

Peer Relationship Problems in Children with Tourette's Disorder or Diabetes Mellitus

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry N. Bawden ◽  
Aidan Stokes ◽  
Carol S. Camfield ◽  
Peter R. Camfield ◽  
Sonia Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Tourette’S Disorder ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Tourette's Disorder

Here there Be Tygers: Profit, Non-profit, and Loss in the Age of Disintermediation

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
Europe De L’Est ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Scholarly publishing and access to high-quality information may in fact be threatened, rather than improved, by the revolution in communications, particularly in a fully commercial Internet. The effects of the political revolution in Eastern Europe on scholarship and quality publishing are used as a touchstone of the dangers that occur when naïve revolutionaries make swift changes without fully recognizing the impact upon delicately balanced social institutions such as non-profit organizations. Résumé: La révolution en communications, particulièrement en ce qui regarde un Internet commercialisé, plutôt que d'améliorer l'édition savante et l'accès à de l'information de haute qualité, pourrait en fait poser une menace pour ceux-ci. Cet article examine comment la révolution politique en Europe de l'Est a influé sur la recherche et l'édition de qualité. Il utilise cet exemple pour examiner les dangers que peuvent courir certains révolutionnaires naïfs quand ils instaurent des changements rapides san songer à leur impact sur des institutions sociales à équilibre délicat comme les organisations à but non lucratif.

Market Reactions to a High-Quality Auditor and Managerial Preference for Audit Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Hurley ◽  
Brian W. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Quality Competition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Market Reactions ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Audit Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Theory

SUMMARY We insert an automated high-quality (HQ) auditor into established experimental audit markets to test the impact of high-quality competition on other auditors' supply of and managers' demand for audit quality. Theory predicts that managers will demand high levels of audit quality to avoid investors' price-protecting behavior. This demand should result in the HQ auditor dominating the market and increase other auditors' audit quality provision to compete with the HQ auditor. However, we find that the HQ auditor does not dominate the market—despite holding audit costs constant and investors placing a premium on HQ auditor reports. We also find that adding an HQ auditor results in other auditors lowering audit quality. Additional analyses indicate some managers demand lower audit quality to avoid negative audit reports, consistent with loss aversion as a potential explanation. Our findings indicate a need to develop a more comprehensive theory of the demand for auditing. Data Availability: The laboratory market data used in this study are available from the authors upon request.

scholarly journals How Different Fermentation Type Affects Volatile Composition of Plum Jerkums

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4658
Author(s):  
Magdalena Januszek ◽  
Paweł Satora
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Higher Alcohols ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Efficiency ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
The Impact

Quality of plum jerkum is significantly associated to the profile of volatile compounds. Therefore, we decided to assess the impact of various fermentation types on selected properties of plum jerkums, especially compounds which contribute to the aroma of the finished product. We used the following yeast strains: S. cerevisiae S1, H. uvarum H2, and Ethanol RED (S. cerevisiae). Moreover, we considered spontaneous fermentation. S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum strains were isolated during the fermentation of Čačanska Lepotica or Węgierka Dąbrowicka (plum cultivars), respectively. As for fermentation type, spontaneous fermentation of H. uvarum H2 provided the best results. It could be associated to the fact that plum juices fermented with H. uvarum H2 presented the highest concentration of terpenoids, esters, or some higher alcohols. In the current paper, application of indigenous strains of yeasts resulted in the required oenological characteristics, e.g., highest fermentation efficiency and concentration of ethanol was determined in juices fermented with Ethanol RED (S. cerevisiae) and also with S. cerevisiae S1. Our results suggested that indigenous strains of yeasts present in plums demonstrate great potential for the production of plum jerkums of high quality.

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