Reversible hyperperfusion of the right medial temporal lobe in transient global amnesia.

A patient who suffered a transient global amnesia (TGA) attack underwent regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT imaging and neuropsychological testing in the acute phase, after one month and after one year. Neuropsychological testing in the acute phase showed a pattern of anterograde and retrograde amnesia, whereas memory was within age normal limits at follow up. SPECT data were analysed with a within subject comparison and also compared with those of a group of healthy controls. Within subject comparison between the one month follow up and the acute phase detected increases in rCBF in the hippocampus bilaterally; further rCBF increases in the right hippocampus were detected after one year. Compared to controls, significant hypoperfusion was found in the right precentral, cingulate and medial frontal gyri in the acute phase; after one month significant hypoperfusion was detected in the right precentral and cingulate gyri and the left postcentral gyrus; after one year no significant hypoperfusion appeared. The restoration of memory was paralleled by rCBF increases in the hippocampus and fronto-limbic-parietal cortex; after one year neither significant rCBF differences nor cognitive deficits were detectable. In conclusion, these data indicate that TGA had no long lasting cognitive and neural alterations in this patient.

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Diffusion-weighted MRI in transient global amnesia: elevated signal intensity in the left mesial temporal lobe in seven of ten patients

Neurocase ◽

10.1093/neucas/6.3.226 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 226-226

Author(s):

M. Strupp

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Signal Intensity ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽

Global Amnesia

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Is Transient Global Amnesia a Network Disease?

European Neurology ◽

10.1159/000496511 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (5-6) ◽

pp. 345-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kang Min Park ◽

Byung In Lee ◽

Sung Eun Kim

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Brain Network ◽

Network Measures ◽

Postcentral Gyrus ◽

Frontal Operculum ◽

Global Amnesia ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain

Background: We evaluated a brain network using graph theoretical analysis and microstructural abnormalities of the white matter in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). Methods: Twenty patients with TGA and healthy control subjects were recruited, and they underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. Graph theory was applied to obtain network measures based on DTI data. We investigated the network measures and microstructural abnormalities of white matter using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis in the patients with TGA. Results: Measures of global topology were not different between the patients with TGA and healthy subjects. However, there were significant differences of hubs organization; the strength of the right superior and inferior orbitofrontal, the right inferior frontal operculum, the left superior parietal, and left postcentral gyrus, the cluster coefficient of the right middle orbitofrontal and left inferior parietal gyrus, the betweenness centrality of the left angular gyrus, and the pagerank centrality of the right superior and inferior orbitofrontal, right inferior frontal operculum, left superior parietal, and left postcentral gyrus in the patients with TGA were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects. Regarding the analysis of the white matter microstructure with TBSS, there were no differences in the fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values between the 2 groups. Conclusions: We newly identify a reorganization of network hubs of the brain network in patients with TGA, especially in the regions of the default-mode network. These alterations of the brain network may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying TGA and suggest that TGA is a network disease.

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An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Face Recognition Memory and the Volume of Medial Temporal Lobe Structures in Healthy Young Males

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/1998/285061 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 3-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Clare E. Mackay ◽

Neil Roberts ◽

Andrew R. Mayes ◽

John J. Downes ◽

Jonathan K. Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Recognition Memory ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Multiple Comparisons ◽

Cerebral Hemispheres ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Bonferroni Correction ◽

Temporal Pole ◽

The Right

A rigorous new methodology was applied to the study of structure function relationships in the living human brain. Face recognition memory (FRM) and other cognitive measures were made in 29 healthy young male subjects (mean age = 21.7 years) and related to volumetric measurements of their cerebral hemispheres and of structures in their medial temporal lobes, obtained using the Cavalieri method in combination with high resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI. Greatest proportional variability in volumes was found for the lateral ventricles (57%) for the cerebral hemispheres (8%) in the mean volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, temporal pole and temporal lobe on the right and left sides of the brain. The volumes of the right and left parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole, temporal lobe, and left hippocampus were, prior to application of the Bonferroni correction to take account of 12 multiple comparisons, significantly correlated with the volume of the corresponding hemisphere (p< 0.05). The volumes of all structures were highly correlated (p< 0.0002 for all comparisons) between the two cerebral hemispheres. There were no positive relationships between structure volumes and FRM score. However, the volume of the right amygdala was, prior to application of the Bonferroni correction to take account of 38~multiple comparisons, found to be significantly smaller in the five most consistent high scorers compared to the five most consistent low scorers (t= 2.77,p= 0.025). The implications for possible relationships between healthy medial temporal lobe structures and memory are discussed.

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Transient global amnesia in a patient with an arterovenous malformation of the left temporal lobe

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/0013-4694(96)83582-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. P75-P76

Author(s):

S. Angeli ◽

M. Marogna ◽

P. Zagami ◽

M. Del Sette ◽

A. Primavera

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Left Temporal Lobe ◽

Global Amnesia

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Transient Global Amnesia and Brain Tumour: Chance Concurrence or Aetiological Association Case Report and Systematic Literature Review

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000371840 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 18-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Phil Milburn-McNulty ◽

Andrew J. Larner

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Brain Tumour ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Low Grade ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Global Amnesia ◽

The Right ◽

Clinical Diagnostic Criteria

We report a patient presenting with episodes of transient amnesia, some with features suggestive of transient global amnesia (TGA), and some more reminiscent of transient epileptic amnesia. Investigation with neuroimaging revealed an intrinsic lesion in the right amygdala, with features suggestive of low-grade neoplasia. We undertook a systematic review of the literature on TGA and brain tumour. Fewer than 20 cases were identified, some of which did not conform to the clinical diagnostic criteria for TGA. Hence, the concurrence of brain tumour and TGA is very rare and of doubtful aetiological relevance. In some brain tumour-associated cases, epilepsy may be masquerading as TGA.

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Reversible temporal hypodensity on CT in a patient with minor head injury: Transient global amnesia or contusion?

Journal of Concussion ◽

10.1177/20597002211040921 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 205970022110409

Author(s):

Basit Shah ◽

Sabrina Poonja ◽

Mohammed Wasif Hussain

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Young Patient ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Anatomical Basis ◽

Ct Head ◽

Global Amnesia ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a condition characterized by a sudden, temporary lapse in memory without focal neurological deficits, usually in middle aged adults, sometimes precipitated by an inciting event. We describe a case of a young patient, who presented with a constellation of symptoms consistent with TGA post-concussion with a right temporal lobe hypodensity on CT head. This patient’s memory returned to baseline within 24 hours, with only a mild residual headache which resolved within the next day and no MRI findings 48 hours after, illustrating that his clinical trajectory favours TGA rather than post-concussive amnesia. While the pathophysiology of TGA is still a mystery, clinicians and researchers continue to hypothesize the anatomical basis of this condition.

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