Protection of the Public in Relation to use of Radioactive Materials*

1968 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-253
Author(s):  
C. O. le C Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
The Public

Control of radioactive substances

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Reay ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
Colin J Martin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Security And Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Impact

The possession, use, transport, and disposal of radioactive materials are controlled through regulation to limit exposure of the public and workers. This chapter describes the methodologies employed. Regulation is enacted through a system of notification and licensing, based upon recommendations from the IAEA and ICRP. A competent authority is empowered to permit an organization to hold, use, or dispose of any radionuclide, provided certain conditions are met. These take the form of limits on the quantities of different radioactive materials held, and requirements for security and protection. They require an evaluation of the impact of waste disposal. Methodologies for estimating doses received by critical groups from release of radioactive material into the environment are explained. Minimization of the waste produced and regulation of its disposal are essential components in the overall strategy to protect the environment. Controls over the transport of radioactive materials and medical administrations to patients are considered.

scholarly journals Radiological Dose Assessment to Members of the Public Using Consumer Products Containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7337
Author(s):  
Soja Reuben Joseph ◽  
Juyoul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

Various products containing a small number of added radionuclides are commonly available for use worldwide. However, frequent use of such products puts the public at risk of radiation exposure. In this study, dose assessments to members of the public using consumer products containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) were conducted for various usage scenarios to evaluate the external and internal exposure dose. Data for this study were obtained from previous literature and were statistically analyzed using Boxplot to determine the input data for assessment. A normalized value of activity concentration was used for dose evaluation. In addition to other external and internal dose calculation codes, analytical calculations were used to perform age-dependent. Based on analytical calculations, the highest total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) received from necklace products at the upper whiskers with an activity concentration of 4.21 Bq/g for 238U, 24.4 Bq/g for 232Th, and 0.55 Bq/g for 40K for various age groups is 2.03 mSv/y for 1 year old, 1.24 mSv/y for 10 years old and 1.11 mSv/y for adult, which are above the international commission for radiation protection (ICRP) recommended public dose limit of 1 mSv/y. Results of external and internal exposure dose obtained using Microshield code, IMBA code and Visual Monte Carlo (VMC) code are all below the recommended public dose limit of 1 mSv/y.

scholarly journals A case study of management and disposal of TENORMs: radiological risk estimation by TSD Dose and RESRAD-ONSITE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-480
Author(s):  
Francesca Giacobbo ◽  
◽  
Mirko Da Ros ◽  
Elena Macerata ◽  
Eros Mossini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The Impact

<abstract> <p>Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) and Technologically Enhanced NORMs (TENORMs) are among the principal sources of radiation exposure for humans and for the environment. Therefore, the assessment of the impact of NORMs and TENORMs waste on human health is a key issue for their management and for acceptance of disposal sites. The radiological doses to workers and public due to TENORMs disposal depend on the waste inventory, on the usage of the site during operational activities and post closure phase and on the presence of dwelling areas in the vicinity of the disposal site. In the present study it is presented a methodology to preliminary assess the feasibility of a disposal of TENORMs, mainly constituted by phosphate sludges, originated from phosphoric acid industry activities. The hypothetical case study here presented is inspired by a real case study. Different possible scenarios have been considered. The potential doses to workers and to the public on-site have been estimated by the use of the TSD Dose and the RESRAD on-site codes both during the production life cycle of the site and once it ended. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of some key parameters, such the coverage thickness and wind velocity, on potential risk for workers and public.</p> </abstract>

Hazards of Radioactive Fallout

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-849
Author(s):  
SEYMOUR CHARLES ◽  
ABE S. FINKELSTEIN ◽  
MILTON WILLNER ◽  
BERNARD B. LILIEN
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Radioactive Fallout ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Relevant Material

Very properly, the American Academy of Pediatrics has appointed a Committee on Environmental Hazards to consider the "problems posed for pediatricians by fallout of radioactive materials in this country." We in practice had looked forward to the reports of this Committee because the pediatric literature had been singularly free of relevant material. Since its appointment the Committee has met only occasionally and issued a few brief superficial statements, which have served as "pacifiers" for the profession and the public.

scholarly journals A report that Fukushima residents are concerned about radiation from Land, Food and Radon

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tamari ◽  
Yujiro Kuroda ◽  
Ryu Miyagawa ◽  
Kanabu Nawa ◽  
Akira Sakumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Public Concerns

Abstract The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster occurred on 11 March 2011, which caused the leakage of radioactive materials into the environment. In this study, we report public concerns about radiation in Fukushima and Tokyo almost one year after the nuclear disaster. We examined the public concerns by analyzing the data from 1022 participants, 555 in Fukushima and 467 in Tokyo. They were asked whether they were concerned about radiation from some of six different types of sources, which could be answered in a binary way, ‘yes’ or ‘no’. We found not only similarities, but also significant differences in the degrees of concerns between Fukushima residents and Tokyo ones. Fukushima residents more concerned about radiation from land, food and radon in larger rate than that of Tokyo ones, while Tokyo residents were concerned about radiation from medical care. Residents in neither location were concerned about radiation from space. Our results suggested that careful risk communication should be undertaken, adaptively organized depending on location and other factors, e.g. comprehension about radiation, presence of the experience of evacuation, and also age and gender of the people.

scholarly journals Radiological Risk Assessment of Vehicle Transport Accidents Associated with Consumer Products Containing NaturallyOccurring Radioactive Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8719
Author(s):  
Hilali Hussein Ramadhan ◽  
Juyoul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Products ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Shipment Container ◽  
Radiological Safety ◽  
Accident Scenarios ◽  
Transport Accidents

Natural and artificial ionizing radiation can be harmful to human health when they come into contact with people and the environment. Transport of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) and consumer products containing NORM in the public domain is inevitable owing to their potential applications. This study evaluates the dose and risk to the public from transport accidents of NORM and consumer products. Radiological and physical data were obtained from previous literature. The median and maximum values of radioactivity concentration were applied to consumer products and NORM data, which serve as an input. An external dose rate at 1 m from a transported shipment was calculated using MicroShield® Pro version 12.11 code, which serves as input to RADTRAN 6 code. Based on developed transport accident scenarios, a RADTRAN 6 code was used to estimate collective dose and risk. The sensitivity analysis was conducted by considering the variation of release, aerosol, and respirable fractions of radionuclides at 0.1%, 1%, 10%, and 100% from the transported shipment during an accident, respectively. The results of dose and risk to the general public because of the damage of the shipment container following a fire accident are below the annual regulatory limits of 1 man-Sv recommended by IAEA transport regulation of 2018. The sensitivity results of all NORMs and associated consumer products are also below the regulatory limits. Therefore, radiological safety can be ensured in the event of a transport accident involving the transit of NORM and consumer products containing NORM.

Report on Feasibility Study for Radiation Alarming Data Collection From Containers at Laem Cha Bang International Sea Port, Thailand

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunchai Nilsuwankosit
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radiation Measurements

During the period of late-August 2015 to early-October 2015, a number of 105 data sets for the radiation alarming events from the containers passing through the “Laem Cha Bang” International Sea Port, Thailand, were collected. These radiation alarming events were for the containers which carried the goods that could be roughly identified as belonging to the following groups: (1) fertilizer, (2) chemicals, (3) plastics, (4) ceramics, (5) grain, feed, agriculture or dairy products (6) wood, rubber or furniture, (7) scrap, mineral or metal, (8) equipment, (9) parts or spare parts, (10) paper and (11) others. Most of the radiation measurements obtained were relatively low and showed no harm to the public and to the environment. Much of this radiation was from the radioactive materials found or occurred naturally and, thus, could be found anywhere. There were concern, however, regarding the possibility of the radioactive contamination or the smuggling of the harmful radioactive or nuclear materials. Further study was required to prepare against and to manage such situations.

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