The effect of hand immersion on body temperature when wearing impermeable clothing

1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
A. J. Allsopp ◽  
Kerry A. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
List Type ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rest Periods

AbstractThe effects of hand immersion on body temperature have been investigated in men wearing impermeable NBC clothing. Six men worked continuously at a rate of approximately 490 J.sec−1 in an environmental temperature of 30°C. Each subject was permitted to rest for a period of 20 minutes when their aural temperature reached 37.5°C, and again on reaching 38°C, and for a third time on reaching 38.5°C (three rest periods in total). Each subject completed three experimental conditions whereby, during the rest periods they either: a.Did not immerse their hands (control).b.Immersed both hands in a water bath set at 25°c.c.Immersed both hands in water at 10°C.Physiological measures of core temperature, skin temperature and heart rate were recorded at intervals throughout the experiment.Measures of mean aural temperature and mean skin temperature were significantly (P<0.05) reduced if hands were immersed during these rest periods, compared to non immersion. As a result, the total work time of subjects was extended when in the immersed conditions by some 10–20 minutes within the confines of the protocol.It is concluded that this technique of simple hand immersion may be effective in reducing heat stress where normal routes to heat loss are compromised.

scholarly journals Effect of food intake on the ventilatory response to increasing core temperature during exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Hayashi ◽  
Nozomi Ito ◽  
Yoko Ichikawa ◽  
Yuichi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Elimination ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Food

Food intake increases metabolism and body temperature, which may in turn influence ventilatory responses. Our aim was to assess the effect of food intake on ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature during exercise. Nine healthy male subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake in sessions with and without prior food intake. Ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature was defined by the slopes of regression lines relating ventilatory parameters to core temperature. Mean skin temperature, mean body temperature (calculated from esophageal temperature and mean skin temperature), oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide elimination, minute ventilation, alveolar ventilation, and tidal volume (VT) were all significantly higher at baseline in sessions with food intake than without food intake. During exercise, esophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, carbon dioxide elimination, and end-tidal CO2 pressure were all significantly higher in sessions with food intake than without it. By contrast, ventilatory parameters did not differ between sessions with and without food intake, with the exception of VT during the first 5 min of exercise. The ventilatory sensitivities to rising core temperature also did not differ, with the exception of an early transient effect on VT. Food intake increases body temperature before and during exercise. Other than during the first 5 min of exercise, food intake does not affect ventilatory parameters during exercise, despite elevation of both body temperature and metabolism. Thus, with the exception of an early transient effect on VT, ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature is not affected by food intake.

scholarly journals Improved 2000-m Rowing Performance in a Cool Environment With an External Heating Garment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Gavin Cowper ◽  
Martin Barwood ◽  
Stuart Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
External Heating ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Core Body

Purpose: Rowers can be in marshaling areas for up to 20 to 25 min before the start of a race, which likely negates any benefits of an active warm-up, especially in cold environments. It is unknown if using a heated jacket following a standardized rowing warm-up can improve 2000-m rowing performance. Methods: On 2 separate occasions, 10 trained male rowers completed a standardized rowing warm-up, followed by 25 min of passive rest before a 2000-m rowing time trial on a rowing ergometer. Throughout the passive rest, the participants wore either a standardized tracksuit top (CON) or an externally heated jacket (HEAT). The trials, presented in a randomized crossover fashion, were performed in a controlled environment (temperature 8°C, humidity 50%). Rowing time-trial performance, core body temperature, and mean skin temperature, along with perceptual variables, were measured. Results: During the 25-min period, core body temperature increased in HEAT and decreased in CON (Δ0.54°C [0.74°C] vs −0.93°C [1.14°C]; P = .02). Additionally, mean skin temperature (30.22°C [1.03°C] vs 28.86°C [1.07°C]) was higher in HEAT versus CON (P < .01). In line with the physiological data, the perceptual data confirmed that participants were more comfortable in HEAT versus CON, and subsequently, rowing performance was improved in HEAT compared with CON (433.1 [12.7] s vs 437.9 [14.4] s, P < .01). Conclusion: The data demonstrate that an upper-body external heating garment worn following a warm-up can improve rowing performance in a cool environment.

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE ON THE CALCULATIONS OF MEAN SKIN TEMPERATURE

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. S222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D. Pascoe ◽  
J Llanos ◽  
J M. Molloy ◽  
J W. Smith ◽  
W A. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature

Estimating changes in mean body temperature for humans during exercise using core and skin temperatures is inaccurate even with a correction factor

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ollie Jay ◽  
Francis D. Reardon ◽  
Paul Webb ◽  
Michel B. DuCharme ◽  
Tim Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Adjusted Model

Changes in mean body temperature (ΔT̄b) estimated by the traditional two-compartment model of “core” and “shell” temperatures and an adjusted two-compartment model incorporating a correction factor were compared with values derived by whole body calorimetry. Sixty participants (31 men, 29 women) cycled at 40% of peak O2 consumption for 60 or 90 min in the Snellen calorimeter at 24 or 30°C. The core compartment was represented by esophageal, rectal (Tre), and aural canal temperature, and the shell compartment was represented by a 12-point mean skin temperature (T̄sk). Using Tre and conventional core-to-shell weightings ( X) of 0.66, 0.79, and 0.90, mean ΔT̄b estimation error (with 95% confidence interval limits in parentheses) for the traditional model was −95.2% (−83.0, −107.3) to −76.6% (−72.8, −80.5) after 10 min and −47.2% (−40.9, −53.5) to −22.6% (−14.5, −30.7) after 90 min. Using Tre, X = 0.80, and a correction factor ( X0) of 0.40, mean ΔT̄b estimation error for the adjusted model was +9.5% (+16.9, +2.1) to −0.3% (+11.9, −12.5) after 10 min and +15.0% (+27.2, +2.8) to −13.7% (−4.2, −23.3) after 90 min. Quadratic analyses of calorimetry ΔT̄b data was subsequently used to derive best-fitting values of X for both models and X0 for the adjusted model for each measure of core temperature. The most accurate model at any time point or condition only accounted for 20% of the variation observed in ΔT̄b for the traditional model and 56% for the adjusted model. In conclusion, throughout exercise the estimation of ΔT̄b using any measure of core temperature together with mean skin temperature irrespective of weighting is inaccurate even with a correction factor customized for the specific conditions.

Variable open-loop gain in the control of thermogenesis in cold-exposed rabbits

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Stitt
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Loop Gain ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Multiplicative Interaction ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

We have previously demonstrated a multiplicative interaction between mean skin temperature (Tsk) and hypothalamic temperature (Thy) in the control of thermogenesis in cold exposed rabbits. Such a model predicts that open-loop gain will not be constant, but will vary according to the direction and degree of Thy displacements and to the prevailing level of Tsk when Thy is altered. Open-loop gain was calculated from steady-state displacements in body temperature induced by sustained step displacements in Thy. Hypothalamic temperature of rabbits was clamped at various levels ranging from 2 degrees C above to 3 degrees C below normal Thy and the resulting changes in rectal temperature attained at steady state were recorded. Experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 2 degrees and 15 degrees C. Open-loop gain in response to hypothalamic heating was always greater than that obtained in response to equivalent levels of hypothalamic cooling. Furthermore, at lower levels of Tsk (Ta = 2 degrees C) open-loop gain was greater for all levels of Thy displacement when compared to that measured at higher levels of Tsk (Ta = 15 degrees C).

Heat-tolerance studies of fat-tailed sheep in the subtropics

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez ◽  
A. L. Badreldin ◽  
M. A. Sharafeldin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Forty adult (15 months old) fat-tailed Egyptian rams and ewes of the Rahmani and Ossimi breeds were available at the Animal Breeding Research Farm, Giza, Egypt (30° N.). Body temperature and respiration rates were measured twice weekly throughout the year 1953–4. On days of observations, four readings were taken at 10 a.m., 12 noon, 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. Skin temperature was measured once weekly at noon for nine body regions, using a precision bridge thermometer. The effects of docking and pregnancy were also studied.1. There were seasonal variations in body temperature and respiration rate. The maximum values were during summer and the minimum during winter. The seasonal rate of change was greater in respiration rate than in body temperature.2. Body temperature was 39·1 and 39·0° C. for the Ossimi rams and ewes respectively, while it was 38·9° C. for both Rahmani sexes. Respiration rate per minute was 42·0, 39·3, for Ossimi rams and ewes and 38·2 and 35·9 for Rahmani rams and ewes respectively. Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in the Ossimi than in the Rahmani breed, and in the males than in the females. Breed differences may be related to anatomical differences such as body conformation, size of skull and tail, thickness of skin and subcutaneous fat and differences in coat characteristics. Sex differences may be associated with the live weight of the animals as well as differences in the hormonal system.3. Pregnancy had no effect on body temperature and respiration rate in either breed.4. Different experimental groups reacted similarly with respect to diurnal variations in body temperature and respiration rate; the lowest values being at 10 a.m. and the highest at 4 p.m. Maximum body temperature and respiration rate preceded maximum environmental temperature by 2–4 hr. The diurnal rate of change in respiration rate was higher than that in body temperature. The diurnal changes in body temperature and respiration rate of animals were mainly due to the changes in the environmental temperature throughout the day.5. (a) Skin temperature varied from 33·7 to 39·7° C., according to season and body region. Seasonal variations in skin temperature of different body regions showed the same trend.(b) Highest skin temperatures were recorded for middle and upper fat tail, back thoracic and middle scrotum regions, while the lowest were recorded in lower and upper scrotum, lower tail and neck ventral regions. The breast region had an intermediate skin temperature. The different skin temperatures were due to anatomical differences such as the thickness of subcutaneous fat, density of covering wool or to differences in the amount of blood supply.6. Docked rams had a lower skin temperature and respiration rate than controls, denoting better heat regulation. This may be due to metabolic differences or anatomical changes in the body such as the thickness of subcutaneous fat.

Effects of Provocation on Emotions and Aggression: An Experimental Study with Aggressive Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Stadler ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Sibylle Steuber ◽  
Fritz Poustka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conduct Disordered ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Conductance Level

In this study, the effects of an experimental-induced provocation on emotions and aggression were examined in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after provocation on a 5-point-visual scale. In addition, negative and positive emotions as well as physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance level) were measured at baseline and after provocation. Results revealed that participants’ aggressive behaviour and subjective emotions differed as a function of the opponent’s level of provocation. Concerning physiological parameters, no significant differences were found between the experimental conditions. These results suggest that affective, but not physiological variables characterize reactive aggression in conduct-disordered children.

Aplikasi Metode Hungarian Dalam Optimalisasi Waktu Penugasan Karyawan dan Keuntungan Produksi Home Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Empya Charlie ◽  
Siti Rusdiana ◽  
Rini Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimal Scheduling ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Hungarian Method ◽  
Total Work Time

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penjadwalan karyawan di CV. Karya Indah Bordir dalam melakukan tugas-tugas tertentu menggunakan metode Hungaria, serta menganalisis sensitivitas solusi optimal jika ada pengurangan waktu karyawan untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas. Metode Hongaria diterapkan pada proses bordir yang melibatkan 11 karyawan dan 10 tugas. Hasil penjadwalan yang optimal meminimalkan waktu produksi bordir perusahaan. Hasil penjadwalan optimal yang ditemukan adalah: karyawan 1 mengerjakan tas Mambo, karyawan 2 mengerjakan tas Elli, karyawan 3 mengerjakan tas Lonjong, karyawan 4 mengerjakan tas Tampang bunga, karyawan 6 mengerjakan tas Ransel, karyawan 7 mengerjakan tas Tima, karyawan 8 mengerjakan tas Keong, karyawan 9 mengerjakan tas Alexa, karyawan 10 mengerjakan tas Luna, dan karyawan 11 mengerjakan tas Mikha, dengan total waktu kerja adalah 13,7 jam. Setelah metode Hongaria diterapkan, CV. Karya Indah Bordir mendapat peningkatan pendapatan sebanyak 9,09%. Analisis sensitivitas dilakukan dengan mengurangi waktu karyawan dalam menyulam tas. Hasil analisis sensitivitas adalah beberapa batasan untuk variabel basis dan non basis untuk mempertahankan solusi optimal.   This research has a purpose to optimize the scheduling of employees in CV. Karya Indah Bordir in doing certain tasks using Hungarian method, as well as analyzing the sensitivity of the optimal solution if there is a reduction on the employees time to finish the tasks. The Hungarian method was applied on the embroidery process involving 11 employees and 10 tasks. The optimal scheduling result minimize the time of the embroidery production of the company. The optimal scheduling result found is: employee 1 does the Mambo bag, employee 2 does the Elli bag, employee 3 does the Lonjong bag, employee 4 does the Tampang bunga bag, employee 6 does the Ransel, employee 7 does the Tima bag, employee 8 does the Keong bag, employee 9 does the Alexa bag, employees 10 does the Luna bag, and employee 11 does the Mikha bag, with the total work time is 13,7 hours. After the Hungarian method was applied, CV. Karya Indah Bordir got the increasing revenue as much as 9,09 %. The sensitivity analysis was conducted by reducing the time of the employees take in embroidery the bags. The results of the sensitivity analysis are some boundaries for basis and non basis variables to maintain the optimal solution. 

INCREASING MEAN SKIN TEMPERATURE LINEARLY REDUCES THE VASOCONSTRICTION AND SHIVERING THRESHOLDS IN HUMANS

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. A252
Author(s):  
C. Cheng ◽  
T. Matsukawa ◽  
A. Kurz ◽  
D. I. Sessler ◽  
B. Merrifield
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature

A study of the metabolism of two breeds of pig: (With some remarks on a third)

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Deighton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Large White ◽  
Different Ages

The metabolism of a Berkshire and a Middle White pig has been investigated by means of the calorimeters at the School of Agriculture, Cambridge. The general routine and technique of the observations have been as heretofore.Measurements of the fasting katabolism of each of the two pigs have been obtained in a series extending from an early age to maturity, and the phenomena in general follow the lines of those originally discovered in the Large White; but the fasting katabolism of the Middle White was below that of the Large White earlier studied.The fall in body temperature and in metabolism during the fasts were found to be correlated, and the possible effect of skin colour in this matter is noted.The effect of environmental temperature is investigated and reasons are given for supposing that the critical temperature of the Middle White pig is very low.It is concluded that the existence of a maximum somewhere in the curve showing fasting katabolism per unit area at different ages is necessitated by the two physiological facts (a) that warm blooded animals have to be maintained at a temperature which varies only within very narrow limits, and (b) that the processes of growth are accompanied by waste of energy as heat.

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