Heartfelt images: learning cardiac science artistically

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Ann Courneya
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Visual Metaphor ◽  
Art Making ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

There are limited curricular options for medical students to engage in art-making during their training. Yet, it is known that art-making confers a variety of benefits related to learning. This qualitative study utilises a visual methodology to explore students’ art-making in the context of the cardiovascular sciences. The existence of a multiyear repository of medical/dental student generated, cardiac-inspired art, collected over 6 years, provided the opportunity to explore the nature of the art made. The aim was to categorise the art produced, as well as the depth and breadth of understanding required to produce the art. The data set included a wide variety of titled art (paintings, photographs, sketches, sculptures, collages, poetry and music/dance). Systematic curation of the collection, across all media, yielded three main categories: anatomical renderings, physiology/pathophysiology renderings and kinesthetic creations (music/dance/tactile). Overall (medical and dental) student-generated art suggested a high level of content/process understanding, as illustrated by attention to scientific detail, integration of form and function as well as the sophisticated use of visual metaphor and word play. Dental students preferentially expressed their understanding of anatomy and physiology kinesthetically, creating art that required manual dexterity as well as through choreography and dance. Combining art-making with basic science curricular learning invited the medical and dentistry students to link their understanding to different modes of expression and a non-biomedical way of knowing. Subsequent incorporation of the student-generated cardiac art into lectures exposed the entire class to creative pictorial expressions of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology.

Anatomy for Dental Students

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Key Resources

Anatomy for Dental Students, Fourth Edition, demonstrates and explains all the anatomy needed for a modern dentistry undergraduate course. This text covers developmental anatomy, the thorax, the central nervous system, and the head and neck with an emphasis on the practical application of anatomical knowledge. This new edition has been extensively revised and updated in line with contemporary teaching and dental practice. Over 300 new full color diagrams map all the anatomical regions that dental students need to know, while the lively and accesible text guides the reader's learning. Throughout Clinical Application Boxes demonstrate how the form and function of anatomy have consequences for clinical practice. Sidelines boxes contain additional descriptions for key anatomical structures. This text is supported by an Online Resource Centre with multiple choice questions, drag and drop figure exercises, and links to key resources to help readers to consolidate and extend their knowledge of anatomy. Anatomy for Dental Students brings together anatomical structure, function, and their relationship to clinical practice, making it ideal for dental students.

L2 acquisition of the bei passive in Mandarin Chinese: A constructionist approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-198
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Feng-hsi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Constructionist Approach ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

Abstract A major claim in the constructionist approach to language acquisition is that grammar is learned by pairings of form and function. In this study we test this claim by examining how L2 learners of Mandarin Chinese acquire the bei passive construction, a construction that is associated with the meaning of adversity. Our goal is to find out whether L2 learners make the association between the passive and adversity. Participants performed a sentence choice task under four conditions: an adversative context with an adversative verb, an adversative context with a neutral verb, a neutral context with a neutral verb and a positive context with a neutral verb. In each context participants were asked to select either the bei passive construction or its active counterpart. We found that high-level learners consistently chose the bei passive significantly more in adversative contexts than in non-adversative contexts regardless of the connotations of the verbs, while low-level learners made the distinction half of the time. In addition, while low-level learners did not yet associate adversity with the form of the construction, high-level learners did. We conclude that L2 learners do learn the bei passive construction as a form-meaning pair. The constructionist approach is supported.

scholarly journals Management of the Crooked Nose

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Jessica W Scordino ◽  
Frederick J Stucker
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Crooked Nose ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nasal Function

ABSTRACT Aim: To describe an approach for the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with crooked nose. Background Patients with crooked nose suffer from functional ailments, most significant nasal obstruction, as well as esthetic concerns which may impact their self-image as well as others’ perception of them. As such, management of the crooked nose is an especially challenging task in that it demands careful attention to both nasal function and appearance. There are a plethora of surgical techniques which may be utilized, and the surgeon's approach must be tailored to each individual patient's presentation. Technique Accurate diagnosis is imperative for a successful outcome and relies on a thorough history and careful physical examination. Surgical intervention may be addressed by either an endonasal or open approach based on the location and severity of the deformity. It is helpful to break down the nose in vertical thirds when planning your surgical approach. Different techniques are used to address the upper third comprising the nasal bones, middle third composed of the upper lateral cartilages and septum, and the lower third composed of the lower lateral cartilages and caudal septum. Conclusion Management of the crooked nose is a technically challenging endeavor that highlights the need to address both form and function for a successful outcome. Effective treatment can significantly improve a patient's quality of life leading to a high level of satisfaction for both the patient and the surgeon. How to cite this article Scordino JW, Stucker FJ. Management of the Crooked Nose. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(3):168-172.

scholarly journals Does the reform of English local government contain lessons for New Zealand?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Reid
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Opposite View ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function ◽  
Local Government Policy

In recent decades, despite differences of form and function, local government reform in England and New Zealand has exhibited very similar characteristics, with each system borrowing from the other: changes introduced in one country have usually been followed a few years later in the other. It is interesting, then, that at a time when both countries have centre-right governments, that trend now appears to have changed, and local government policy is  showing signs of major divergence. Where the New Zealand government appears to believe that only by greater ‘hands on’ involvement can the nation’s economic development be guaranteed, the British government has taken quite the opposite view, identifying the country’s high level of centralisation (second only to New Zealand’s in the OECD) as the problem, not the solution.

Stray Feathers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Olsen AM ◽  
Leo Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Australian Birds ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
The Senses ◽  
And Function

Stray Feathers showcases some of the remarkable adaptations of Australian birds. A brief introduction describes how evolution shapes form and function, followed by a series of vignettes illustrating the wondrous variety of forms and functions shaped by evolution. For example, did you know that Barn Owls can hunt in absolute darkness and that cuckoos commence incubation before their egg is laid? Sections include anatomy and physiology; the senses; giving voice; tongues talking; plumage; getting around; finding and handling food; optimising foraging and feeding; reducing competition; using ‘tools’; communicating; quality vs quantity; courtship; nests; parental care; chicks; and living together. The book is superbly illustrated with black and white drawings of a range of birds, making it a worthy addition to the bookshelves of bird lovers everywhere.

scholarly journals Function first or form first—a comparison of two design methods for undergraduate basic course

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 03038
Author(s):  
Xie Guanyi ◽  
Duan Huifang
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

Talking about form and function in the architecture, two major traditions in design are always inevitable. They are two methods of architectural design: the first one is used by Beaux-Art system which takes form and order as the core; the second one is of Bauhuas system which focuses on function. Architecture is closely related to the interior, so are there also two design methods in the field of interior design? Through analysis of interior design textbooks in different academies, it was found that most existing design methods are based on function. Function-based design methods have a series of operable standard methods for function, but also have the problem of high level of functional logic and low level of formal logic. Does interior design also have a design approach starting from form and order and unifying function logic and formal logic? By transplanting the “kit-of-parts approach” in architectural design into interior design, applying the two design methods in undergraduate course of environmental design and comparing the two course design results, it was verified in this paper which design method is easier to balance form and function in basic design course.

scholarly journals Examples of Weak, If Not Absent, Form-Function Relations in the Vertebrate Heart

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarke Jensen ◽  
Theodoor Smit
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Salient Function ◽  
And Function

That form and function relates, is the maxim to anatomy and physiology. Yet form-function relations can be difficult to establish. Human subjects with excessive trabeculated myocardium in the left ventricle, for example, are diagnosed with non-compaction cardiomyopathy, but the extent of trabeculations may be without relation to ejection fraction. Rather than rejecting a relation between form and function, we may ask whether the salient function is assessed; is there a relation to electrical propagation, mean arterial blood pressure, propensity to form blood clots, or all? And how should extent of trabeculated muscle be assessed? While reviewing literature on trabeculated muscle, we applied Tinbergen’s four types of causation - how does it work, why does it work, how is it made, and why did it evolve - to better parse what is meant by form and function. The paper is structured around cases that highlight advantages and pitfalls of applying Tinbergen’s questions. It further uses the evolution of lunglessness in amphibians to argue lung reduction can impact on chamber septation, and it considers the evolution of an arterial outflow in fishes to argue that reductions in energy consumption may drive structural changes with little consequences to function. Concerning trabeculations, we argue they relate to pump function in the embryo in the couple of weeks before the onset of coronary circulation. In fetal and postnatal stages, a spectrum of trabeculated-to-compact myocardium makes no difference to cardiac function and in this period form and function may appear unrelated.

scholarly journals Patterns in research and data sharing for the study of form and function in caviomorph rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-612
Author(s):  
Luis D Verde Arregoitia ◽  
Pablo Teta ◽  
Guillermo D’Elía
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Information Collections ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Single Data ◽  
And Function

Abstract The combination of morphometrics, phylogenetic comparative methods, and open data sets has renewed interest in relating morphology to adaptation and ecological opportunities. Focusing on the Caviomorpha, a well-studied mammalian group, we evaluated patterns in research and data sharing in studies relating form and function. Caviomorpha encompasses a radiation of rodents that is diverse both taxonomically and ecologically. We reviewed 41 publications investigating ecomorphology in this group. We recorded the type of data used in each study and whether these data were made available, and we re-digitized all provided data. We tracked two major lines of information: collections material examined and trait data for morphological and ecological traits. Collectively, the studies considered 63% of extant caviomorph species; all extant families and genera were represented. We found that species-level trait data rarely were provided. Specimen-level data were even less common. Morphological and ecological data were too heterogeneous and sparse to aggregate into a single data set, so we created relational tables with the data. Additionally, we concatenated all specimen lists into a single data set and standardized all relevant data for phylogenetic hypotheses and gene sequence accessions to facilitate future morphometric and phylogenetic comparative research. This work highlights the importance and ongoing use of scientific collections, and it allows for the integration of specimen information with species trait data. Recientemente ha resurgido el interés por estudiar la relación entre morfología, ecología, y adaptación. Esto se debe al desarrollo de nuevas herramientas morfométricas y filogenéticas, y al acceso a grandes bases de datos para estudios comparados. Revisamos 41 publicaciones sobre ecomorfología de roedores caviomorfos, un grupo diverso y bien estudiado, para evaluar los patrones de investigación y la transparencia para la liberación de datos. Registramos los tipos de datos que se utilizaron para cada estudio y si los datos están disponibles. Cuando estos datos se compartieron, los redigitalizamos. Nos enfocamos en los ejemplares consultados, y en datos que describen rasgos ecológicos y morfológicos para las especies estudiadas. Los estudios que revisamos abarcan el 63% de las especies de caviomorfos que actualmente existen. Encontramos que raramente fueron compartidos los datos que se tomaron para especies, y menos aún para ejemplares. Los datos morfológicos y ecológicos eran demasiado heterogéneos e exiguos para consolidar en un solo banco de datos; debido a esta circunstancia, creamos tablas relacionales con los datos. Además, enlazamos todas las listas individuales de especímenes para crear un solo banco de datos y estandarizamos todos los datos pertinentes a hipótesis filogenéticas, así como los números de acceso de secuencias genéticas, para así facilitar eventuales estudios comparados de morfometría y filogenia. Este trabajo resalta la importancia de las colecciones científicas y documenta su uso, además permitiendo la futura integración de datos derivados de ejemplares con datos sobre rasgos ecomorfológicos a nivel de especie.

scholarly journals Examples of Weak, If Not Absent, Form-Function Relations in the Vertebrate Heart

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarke Jensen ◽  
Theodoor H. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Salient Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pumping Function

That form and function are related is a maxim of anatomy and physiology. Yet, form-function relations can be difficult to prove. Human subjects with excessive trabeculated myocardium in the left ventricle, for example, are diagnosed with non-compaction cardiomyopathy, but the extent of trabeculations may be without relation to ejection fraction. Rather than rejecting a relation between form and function, we may ask whether the salient function is assessed. Is there a relation to electrical propagation, mean arterial blood pressure, or propensity to form blood clots? In addition, how should the extent of trabeculated muscle be assessed? While reviewing literature on trabeculated muscle, we applied Tinbergen’s four types of causation—how does it work, why does it work, how is it made, and why did it evolve—to better parse what is meant by form and function. The paper is structured around cases that highlight advantages and pitfalls of applying Tinbergen’s questions. It further uses the evolution of lunglessness in amphibians to argue that lung reduction impacts on chamber septation and it considers the evolution of an arterial outflow in fishes to argue that reductions in energy consumption may drive structural changes with little consequences to function. Concerning trabeculations, we argue they relate to pumping function in the embryo in the few weeks before the onset of coronary circulation. In human fetal and postnatal stages, a spectrum of trabeculated-to-compact myocardium makes no difference to cardiac function and in this period, form and function may appear unrelated.

Integrating Quantitative Skills in Introductory Ecology: Investigations of Wild Bird Feeding Preferences

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J. Small ◽  
Kiersten N. Newtoff
Keyword(s):  
Biology Education ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Quantitative Skills ◽  
Student Training ◽  
And Function

Undergraduate biology education is undergoing dramatic changes, emphasizing student training in the “tools and practices” of science, particularly quantitative and problem-solving skills. We redesigned a freshman ecology lab to emphasize the importance of scientific inquiry and quantitative reasoning in biology. This multi-week investigation uses observations of avian form and function and an extensive student-generated data set to introduce hypothesis testing, experimental design, and biological statistics. Research groups compare feeding preferences (location and seed selection) between selected species of wild birds, evaluating their findings quantitatively through descriptive statistics, graphing, and data analysis, and ecologically through comparisons of species biology and natural history.

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