Dissecting leadership education and assessment in surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-139845
Author(s):  
Raimand Morad ◽  
Hemant Kumar ◽  
Iain Snelling
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Leadership Training ◽  
Leadership Education ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Clinical Competencies ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Professional Judgement

The importance of leadership is well recognised within surgery owing to the heavily teamwork dependent nature and uniquely dynamic working environment of the operating room. Teaching and assessment methods of leadership within UK surgical training has arguably lacked credence in comparison to the more tangible technical clinical competencies due to the fact that the daily tasks of surgeons are multifaceted and cannot be simplified into a tick-box exercise. As such, some surgical trainees perceive themselves to be minimally competent in their leadership ability. The new surgical curricula planned to be implemented by the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme in August 2021 aims to address this by shifting leadership training and assessment towards an outcome-based approach, rather than a competency-based approach, with an emphasis on the role of the professional judgement of trainers as well as trainee self-reflection. This article explores these proposed changes by framing them within the context of the wider literature pertaining to surgical leadership education.

scholarly journals Developing professional judgement in surgical trainees: the role of critical reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Timothy William Gray ◽  
Christopher John Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Clinical Thinking ◽  
Professional Judgement

Critical reflection is a disciplined process that aims to critically evaluate everyday medical practices to more fully understand and learn from them. It can lead to improved professionalism and clinical reasoning and is increasingly seen as a core component of continuing professional development in a number of disciplines. While critical reflection is a central element of expert surgical practice, its processes are often tacit and hence invisible to trainees. In this paper, we describe a pilot project aimed at introducing critical reflection techniques into a plastic surgery training program. We also discuss the use of critical reflection as a tool to allow learning surgeons to develop, observe and critique their own clinical thinking, and outline a framework for surgical supervisors and trainers to guide, monitor and assess the development of professional judgement in their trainees.

scholarly journals New Age Teaching: Beyond Didactics

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2370-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Vlaovic ◽  
Elspeth M. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Surgical Simulators ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Surgical Skills Training ◽  
Increasing Demand

Widespread acceptance of laparoscopic urology techniques has posed many challenges to training urology residents and allowing postgraduate urologists to acquire often difficult new surgical skills. Several factors in surgical training programs are limiting the ability to train residents in the operating room, including limited-hours work weeks, increasing demand for operating room productivity, and general public awareness of medical errors. As such, surgical simulation may provide an opportunity to enhance residency experience and training, and optimize post-graduate acquisition of new skills and maintenance of competency. This review article explains and defines the various levels of validity as it pertains to surgical simulators. The most recently and comprehensively validity tested simulators are outlined and summarized. The potential role of surgical simulation in the formative and summative assessment of surgical trainees, as well as, the certification and recertification process of postgraduate surgeons will be delineated. Surgical simulation will be an important adjunct to the traditional methods of surgical skills training and will allow surgeons to maintain their proficiency in the technically challenging aspects of minimally invasive urologic surgery.

Developing apprentice leaders through critical reflection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Schedlitzki
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Leadership Education ◽  
Sustainable Leadership ◽  
Senior Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Reflection

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore opportunities for delivering sustainable leadership education through critical reflection embedded in the framework of higher and degree apprenticeships. Design/methodology/approach This paper contributes to leadership development research that focusses on “leader becoming” as an ongoing process of situated learning (in the classroom and everyday work life). The approach to leadership development adopted in this paper proposes that sustainable leadership practices and decision making are developed when leadership learning is firmly embedded in work-based practices and critical self-reflection. Findings The discussion of critical reflection methods focusses on utilising the learning portfolio as a core aspect of all leadership and management apprenticeships to embed sustainable and reflective practice and facilitate situated leadership learning. The paper explores the role of training providers in actively connecting higher and degree apprenticeships to embed this model of leadership development and seeing leadership as a lifelong apprenticeship. It also highlights the potential for resistance by managers and senior leaders in seeing themselves as apprentices rather than accomplished leaders. By paying attention to issues of language and identity in this discussion, it will surface practical implications for the delivery of sustainable leadership education through the framework of apprenticeships. Originality/value This paper adds to the theoretical and practical understanding of sustainable leadership education by exploring opportunities for re-framing leadership development as a lifelong apprenticeship focussed on personal and professional development. Recognising the resistance that often exists to reflective practice within leadership development contexts, this paper further explores ways of dealing with such resistance.

scholarly journals Developing professional judgement in surgical trainees: the role of critical reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Timothy William Gray ◽  
Christopher John Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Clinical Thinking ◽  
Professional Judgement

Critical reflection is a disciplined process that aims to critically evaluate everyday medical practices to more fully understand and learn from them. It can lead to improved professionalism and clinical reasoning and is increasingly seen as a core component of continuing professional development in a number of disciplines. While critical reflection is a central element of expert surgical practice, its processes are often tacit and hence invisible to trainees. In this paper, we describe a pilot project aimed at introducing critical reflection techniques into a plastic surgery training program. We also discuss the use of critical reflection as a tool to allow learning surgeons to develop, observe and critique their own clinical thinking, and outline a framework for surgical supervisors and trainers to guide, monitor and assess the development of professional judgement in their trainees.

Foreign Labour Migration, Economic Growth and Remittances in Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwer
Keyword(s):  
Working Environment ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Push And Pull

This paper examines the history and current situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal, which is in increasing trend. This paper highlights on some major push and pull factors, impacts of labour migration and remittances. The role and impacts of remittances in Nepal are also another key issue of this paper. The objective of paper is to discuss historical aspects and highlights the role of remittances in Nepal. The paper is developed with the help of secondary sources of information and discussed only on Nepalese foreign labours. The existing exploitative working environment in destinations of Nepalese migrations labpurs, lack of skills and trainings among labour migrants including government to government agreement between labour sending (Nepal) and labour receiving countries to protect rights of labour migrants also has been discussed. This paper also highlights the need of effective foreign labour policies based on scientific research. There is need of reliable and proper environment of investment of remittances in productive sectors as well as use of migrant's skills and knowledge to achieve prosperity of nation.

International Legal Thought

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kleinlein
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This contribution reflects on the role of tradition-building in international law, the implications of the recent ‘turn to history’ and the ‘presentisms’ discernible in the history of international legal thought. It first analyses how international legal thought created its own tradition in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These projects of establishing a tradition implied a considerable amount of what historians would reject as ‘presentism’. Remarkably, critical scholars of our day and age who unsettled celebratory histories of international law and unveiled ‘colonial origins’ of international law were also criticized for committing the ‘sin of anachronism’. This contribution therefore examines the basis of this critique and defends ‘presentism’ in international legal thought. However, the ‘paradox of instrumentalism’ remains: The ‘better’ historical analysis becomes, the more it loses its critical potential for current international law. At best, the turn to history activates a potential of disciplinary self-reflection.

Music Teacher Evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 793-829
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Orzolek
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
American Education ◽  
Effective Teacher ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Music Teacher Evaluation

This chapter outlines the nature of music teacher evaluation found in existing and related literature and research. From these writings, there are an abundance of emergent themes that provide stakeholders with an opportunity to examine this topic and consider its application in their own settings. These themes include ideas related to the following: the intent of teacher evaluation; the role of teacher evaluation; what an effective teacher is; the importance of multifaceted evaluation systems; the place of student learning in the evaluative process; the various forms of evidence used to evaluate educators; the fact that research and practice should be intertwined in developing evaluation systems; the role of testing; the degree to which observation and self-reflection should be involved in teacher evaluation; the importance of clear and concise goals for learners; and the impact that systems of evaluation will have on the educators, schools, students, and American education as a whole. This chapter intends to allow stakeholders the opportunity to reflect on all of these issues and challenges.

Debriefing Surgeons on Non-Technical Skills in the Operating Room - Results from a Pilot Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 663-667
Author(s):  
S. Yule ◽  
R. Flin ◽  
N. Maran ◽  
D. Rowley ◽  
G. Youngson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Operative Surgery ◽  
Enhance Patient Safety ◽  
Behaviour Rating ◽  
Current Assessment

Briefing and debriefing are common practices for safety in high risk industries but are not systematically done in surgery. Regular debriefing of performance after operative surgery can greatly assist surgical trainees' development and help optimize learning from the limited time they spend in the Operating Room (OR). We developed and tested the NOTSS (Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons) behaviour rating system with subject matter experts. It allows surgeons to observe trainees' behaviour in the OR and provide them with structured feedback for improvement. This paper describes process of debriefing and the results of a pilot usability trial. The majority of participants reported that the NOTSS system was useful for debriefing trainees, provided a common language to discuss non-technical skills, and was a valuable adjunct to current assessment tools. Some surgeons found interpersonal skills more difficult to rate than cognitive skills. 73% felt that routine use of the system would enhance patient safety.

scholarly journals Does Employee Care Trigger Innovation Under a Healthy and Safe Working Environment? Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry in China

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Minghui Yang ◽  
Qian Lin ◽  
Petra Maresova
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Corporate Ability ◽  
Safe Working

Sustainability of the workforce becomes a crucial issue, of which responsible care for employees can increase job satisfaction and human capital that impact corporate ability to absorb and generate new knowledge. Firms are obligated to provide a healthy and safe working environment for their employees, but it may in turn hinder innovation due to rigid and structured institutional regulations. Drawing on data of 308 China’s pharmaceutical firms from 2010 to 2017, we investigated whether employee care can trigger innovation under corporate adoption of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS). Our results suggest that both employee care and OHSMS adoption have a positive impact on innovation. Moreover, the positive relationship between employee care and innovation was more pronounced in firms that had adopted the OHSMS certification. These findings are valuable to policymakers and corporate managers in emerging economies through corroborating the important role of workforce sustainability in facilitating firm innovation.

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