P341 Trends in condom use among a nationally representative sample of women and men with opposite-sex partners in the u.s

We use an experiment with a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population to examine how political partisans consume and process media reports about nanotechnology—a scientific issue that is unfamiliar to most Americans. We manipulate the extent to which participants receive ideological cues contextualizing a news article, and follow their subsequent information seeking about nanotechnology. Our results provide insights into patterns of media use and how media use differs among people with varying political ideologies. When cues clarifying the political stakes of nanotechnology are made available, individuals are willing to read information from countervailing sources. When such cues are lacking, however, individuals avoid incongruent information and opt for headlines from attitude-consistent sources. We explore variations in the circumstances under which ideological selectivity occurs and demonstrate that both confirmation bias and defensive avoidance are heightened under such conditions.

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Immigration and Family Separation in the U.S. at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

Journal of Family History ◽

10.1177/036319909301800301 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 191-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arodys Robles ◽

Susan Cotts Watkins

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Turn Of The Century ◽

Family Separation ◽

The Public ◽

Ethnic Stereotypes ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Living Together ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The U.S

This essay provides the first quantitative and comparative estimates based on a nationally representative sample of the extent and duration of family separation associated with immigration to the U.S. at the turn of the century. It uses information from the Public Use Sample of the 1910 U.S. Census to examine the separation of husbands and wives, and parents and children, and compares the largest ethnic groups (British, Irish, Scandinavians, Germans, Poles, Italians, and Jews). Of those couples who were living together at the time of the 1910 census and who had married before immigration, more than half immigrated in the same year. Children were often separated from their fathers but rather rarely from their mothers. Most separations of any kind were brief, usually lasting less than two years. Some of our estimates are in line with the findings of others, while in other cases they raise questions about ethnic myths and ethnic stereotypes.

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Correlates of HIV Infection Among Sexually Active Adults in Kenya: A National Population-Based Survey

The Open AIDS Journal ◽

10.2174/1874613601105010125 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 125-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tom Oluoch ◽

Ibrahim Mohammed ◽

Rebecca Bunnell ◽

Reinhard Kaiser ◽

Andrea A Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Condom Use ◽

Population Based ◽

Consistent Condom ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Sex Partners ◽

Consistent Condom Use ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Active Adults ◽

Sex Partner

Objective: To identify factors associated with prevalent HIV in a national HIV survey in Kenya. Methods: The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey was a nationally representative population-based sero-survey that examined demographic and behavioral factors and serologic testing for HIV, HSV-2 and syphilis in adults aged 15-64 years. We analyzed questionnaire and blood testing data to identify significant correlates of HIV infection among sexually active adults. Results: Of 10,957 eligible women and 8,883 men, we interviewed 10,239 (93%) women and 7,731 (87%) men. We collected blood specimens from 9,049 women and 6,804 men of which 6,447 women and 5,112 men were sexually active during the 12 months prior to the survey. HIV prevalence among sexually active adults was 7.4%. Factors independently associated with HIV among women were region (Nyanza vs Nairobi: adjusted OR [AOR] 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.3), number of lifetime sex partners (6-9 vs 0-1 partners: AOR 3.0, 95%CI 1.6-5.9), HSV-2 (AOR 6.5, 95%CI 4.9-8.8), marital status (widowed vs never married: AOR 2.7, 95%CI 1.5-4.8) and consistent condom use with last sex partner (AOR 2.3, 95%CI 1.6-3.4). Among men, correlates of HIV infection were 30-to-39-year-old age group (AOR 5.2, 95%CI 2.6-10.5), number of lifetime sex partners (10+ vs 0-1 partners, AOR 3.5, 95%CI 1.4-9.0), HSV-2 (AOR 4.7, 95%CI 3.2-6.8), syphilis (AOR 2.4, 95%CI 1.4-4.0), consistent condom use with last sex partner (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.1) and lack of circumcision (AOR 4.0, 95%CI 2.8 - 5.5). Conclusion: Kenya’s heterogeneous epidemic will require regional and gender-specific prevention approaches.

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Household-level correlates of condom use among a representative sample of Canadian adolescents

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh09091 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 441 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brandon D. L. Marshall ◽

Mieke Koehoorn ◽

Jean A. Shoveller

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Weak Sense ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽

Household Level ◽

Household Environment ◽

Nationally Representative

Background: The relationship between an adolescent’s micro-environment (e.g. the home) and the likelihood of engagement in sexual risk behaviour is poorly understood. Therefore, we sought to examine the household-level correlates of condom use at last intercourse among a nationally representative sample of Canadian adolescents aged 15 to 19. Methods: Using data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey, we conducted logistic regression analyses to determine whether factors related to characteristics of the household environment were associated with self-reported condom use at last intercourse. Results: Among 3974 sexually active adolescents, condom use at last intercourse was reported by 74.8%. After adjusting for household education and income, participants who reported living in larger dwellings were less likely to report condom non-use, while those reporting greater numbers of persons in the household were more likely to report condom non-use. Other significant correlates of condom non-use included older age, female sex, alternative birth control methods and having a weak sense of community belonging. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that factors related to the household environment are independently associated with condom use among adolescents. Policies and programs that aim to promote condom use should seek to address issues such as privacy, which may limit adolescents’ ability to engage in safer sexual practices.

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Updating Supreme Court Legitimacy: Testing the “Rule, Learn, Update” Model of Political Communication

American Politics Research ◽

10.1177/1532673x17702353 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 980-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

James L. Gibson ◽

Miguel M. Pereira ◽

Jeffrey Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

Political Communication ◽

Representative Sample ◽

American Politics ◽

Supreme Court Decision ◽

Court Decision ◽

Court Decisions ◽

Empirical Tests ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The U.S

One of the more important innovations in the study of how citizens assess the U.S. Supreme Court is the ideological updating model, which assumes that citizens grant legitimacy to the institution according to the perceived distance between themselves and the Court on a unidimensional ideological (liberal–conservative) continuum. Under this model, citizens are also said to update this calculation with every new salient Supreme Court decision. The model’s requirements, however, do not seem to square with the long-established view that Americans are largely innocent of ideology. Here, we conduct an audit of the model’s mechanisms using a series of empirical tests applied to a nationally representative sample. Our general conclusion is that the ideological updating model, especially when supplemented with the requirement that citizens must become aware of Court decisions, simply does not square with the realities of American politics. Students of Supreme Court legitimacy may therefore want to search for other theories of legitimacy updating.

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The Sport Experience of Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities: A National Survey of Special Olympics Athletes and Their Families

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.26.1.68 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 68-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Coreen M. Harada ◽

Gary N. Siperstein

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

National Survey ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Life Experience ◽

Special Olympics ◽

Significant Life Experience ◽

Significant Life ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The U.S

The purpose of this study was to examine the sport experience for athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) who participate in Special Olympics (SO). This study included a nationally representative sample of 1,307 families and 579 athletes in the U.S., focusing on sport involvement over the lifespan and motives for participating and for leaving SO. Athletes with ID are similar to athletes without disabilities in that sport is a significant life experience. They participate in sport for fun (54%) and social interaction (21%). Like athletes without disabilities, SO athletes leave sport because of changes in interest (38%) but also because of program availability (33%). These findings suggest that we continue to document the involvement of people with ID in sports and work to expand the sport opportunities available.

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