Immigration and Family Separation in the U.S. at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arodys Robles ◽  
Susan Cotts Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

This essay provides the first quantitative and comparative estimates based on a nationally representative sample of the extent and duration of family separation associated with immigration to the U.S. at the turn of the century. It uses information from the Public Use Sample of the 1910 U.S. Census to examine the separation of husbands and wives, and parents and children, and compares the largest ethnic groups (British, Irish, Scandinavians, Germans, Poles, Italians, and Jews). Of those couples who were living together at the time of the 1910 census and who had married before immigration, more than half immigrated in the same year. Children were often separated from their fathers but rather rarely from their mothers. Most separations of any kind were brief, usually lasting less than two years. Some of our estimates are in line with the findings of others, while in other cases they raise questions about ethnic myths and ethnic stereotypes.

Selecting Our Own Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 658 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara K. Yeo ◽  
Michael A. Xenos ◽  
Dominique Brossard ◽  
Dietram A. Scheufele
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Media Use ◽  
News Article ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Scientific Issue ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The U.S

We use an experiment with a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population to examine how political partisans consume and process media reports about nanotechnology—a scientific issue that is unfamiliar to most Americans. We manipulate the extent to which participants receive ideological cues contextualizing a news article, and follow their subsequent information seeking about nanotechnology. Our results provide insights into patterns of media use and how media use differs among people with varying political ideologies. When cues clarifying the political stakes of nanotechnology are made available, individuals are willing to read information from countervailing sources. When such cues are lacking, however, individuals avoid incongruent information and opt for headlines from attitude-consistent sources. We explore variations in the circumstances under which ideological selectivity occurs and demonstrate that both confirmation bias and defensive avoidance are heightened under such conditions.

scholarly journals Needs assessment for physical activity information during COVID-19 among a nationally representative sample of parents and children ages 6–17 in the United States: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh M. Johnson ◽  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Pooja S. Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Youth Physical Activity ◽  
Big City ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic presented novel barriers to youth physical activity engagement. Identifying what resources parents and children are interested in receiving can support efforts to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic on youth physical activity behavior. This study aimed to identify physical activity-related information needs during the COVID-19 pandemic among a nationally representative sample of American parents of children 6–10 years-old and parent-child dyads of children 11–17 years-old. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by a market research company in October–November 2020. Parents and children were asked about their interest in specific types of information about helping their family and themselves, respectively, be active (Yes/No). Weighted percentages were calculated for reported information needs and compared using two-sample test of proportions. Results Final analytic sample was 1000 parents (55.4% female; 74.7% White; 74.0% non-Hispanic); 500 children 11–17 years-old (52.1% male; 77.6% White). Over 40% of participants were interested in information about being active during COVID-19. Parents were more likely to be interested in information if they always (versus never) worked from home [53.3% (95% CI: 43.3–63.0%) versus 22.0% (95% CI: 14.9–31.3%), p < 0.001]; had children attending school remotely versus in-person [47.3% (95% CI:40.2–54.5%) versus 27.5% (95% CI: 19.6–37.1%), p < 0.001]; and lived in a big city versus a rural area [66.5% (95% CI:54.5–76.7%) versus 34.1% (95% CI: 22.8–47.6%), p < 0.001]. Children most interested were those who did not have resources for online activity engagement and those worried about their safety or getting infected with COVID-19. Children were also more likely to be interested if their parents worked full-time versus not working [48.6% (95% CI:41.7–55.6%) versus 31.5% (95% CI: 24.1–39.9%), p < 0.001], and lived in a big city versus a rural area [57.2% (95% CI:45.3–68.3%) versus 27.8% (95% CI:17.8–40.7%), p < 0.001]. Conclusions Families are interested in physical activity resources, particularly those whose daily routines and opportunities for physical activity may have been most significantly impacted by the pandemic. This includes parents who always worked from home or whose children attended school remotely. Identifying felt needs is an important step in developing tailored interventions that aim to effectively and sustainably support families in promoting physical activity.

Updating Supreme Court Legitimacy: Testing the “Rule, Learn, Update” Model of Political Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Miguel M. Pereira ◽  
Jeffrey Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

One of the more important innovations in the study of how citizens assess the U.S. Supreme Court is the ideological updating model, which assumes that citizens grant legitimacy to the institution according to the perceived distance between themselves and the Court on a unidimensional ideological (liberal–conservative) continuum. Under this model, citizens are also said to update this calculation with every new salient Supreme Court decision. The model’s requirements, however, do not seem to square with the long-established view that Americans are largely innocent of ideology. Here, we conduct an audit of the model’s mechanisms using a series of empirical tests applied to a nationally representative sample. Our general conclusion is that the ideological updating model, especially when supplemented with the requirement that citizens must become aware of Court decisions, simply does not square with the realities of American politics. Students of Supreme Court legitimacy may therefore want to search for other theories of legitimacy updating.

Imagining Opportunity: The 1909 Enlarged Homestead Act and the Promise of the Public Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-279
Author(s):  
Sara M Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The West ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Federal Land ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Western Landscape

Abstract The turn of the twentieth century brought a significant expansion of the nation-state, as the U.S. Congress passed new homestead laws that experimented with adapting land policy to regional conditions. That focus on creating opportunity on challenging, non-irrigable terrain presents a striking contradiction to the firsthand experiences of the western legislators who argued in support of the bill. Elected representatives from these districts justified larger acreages by candidly acknowledging the geophysical realities of the western landscape—those climatic and topographic conditions that were the most frequently cited challenges to settlers in the West—even as they argued that land law should be made more flexible to support new farms and ranches. Adapting to the limits of the western landscape became a paramount goal of legislators who drafted federal land policy, ultimately contributing to expanding the reach of the expert and interventionist state and signaling a new era in regional development.

The Sport Experience of Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities: A National Survey of Special Olympics Athletes and Their Families

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coreen M. Harada ◽  
Gary N. Siperstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Significant Life Experience ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this study was to examine the sport experience for athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) who participate in Special Olympics (SO). This study included a nationally representative sample of 1,307 families and 579 athletes in the U.S., focusing on sport involvement over the lifespan and motives for participating and for leaving SO. Athletes with ID are similar to athletes without disabilities in that sport is a significant life experience. They participate in sport for fun (54%) and social interaction (21%). Like athletes without disabilities, SO athletes leave sport because of changes in interest (38%) but also because of program availability (33%). These findings suggest that we continue to document the involvement of people with ID in sports and work to expand the sport opportunities available.

scholarly journals Neighborhood age structure and cognitive function in a nationally-representative sample of older adults in the U.S.

2017 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Friedman ◽  
Regina A. Shih ◽  
Mary E. Slaughter ◽  
Margaret M. Weden ◽  
Kathleen A. Cagney
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

Constitutionalism and Bureaucracy in the 1980's Some Bicentennial Reflections

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Herman Belz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
Interstate Commerce Commission ◽  
American Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The U.S

Although plans are well underway for celebrating the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution in 1987, it is doubtful that many of the public will be aware — or if aware would care to celebrate — a centennial milestone in the history of American government that teachers of political science will recognize as having great importance for American constitutionalism. I refer to what may be described, with some historical license, as the birth of the administrative state. This event was announced by the publication in 1887 of Woodrow Wilson's famous essay, “The Study of Administration,” and by the creation in the same year of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the prototype of the independent regulatory agencies that were to affect so profoundly the nature of American government in the twentieth century.

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