scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and asthma: trajectories in a national cohort

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Kathrine Pape ◽  
Whitney Cowell ◽  
Camilla Sandal Sejbaek ◽  
Niklas Worm Andersson ◽  
Cecilie Svanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Asthma Phenotypes ◽  
Adverse Childhood

ObjectiveResearch has linked early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with asthma development; however, existing studies have generally relied on parent report of exposure and outcome. We aimed to examine the association of early life ACEs with empirically determined trajectories of childhood asthma risk, using independent register information on both exposures and outcome.MethodsBased on nationwide registries, we established a study cohort of 466 556 children born in Denmark (1997–2004). We obtained information on ACEs during the first 2 years of life (bereavement, parental chronic somatic and/or mental illness) and childhood asthma diagnosis or medication use from birth through age 10 years from the Danish National Patient and Prescription Registries, respectively. We identified asthma phenotypes using group-based trajectory modelling. We then used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between early ACEs and asthma phenotypes.ResultsWe identified four asthma phenotypes: non-asthmatic, early-onset transient, early-onset persistent and late-onset asthma. Girls with early-onset transient asthma (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24), early-onset persistent asthma (1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.48) or late-onset asthma (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.48) vs no asthma were more likely to have early life ACE exposure compared with girls without ACE exposure. Results were similar for boys who also had experienced early life ACEs with ORs of 1.16 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.25), 1.34 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.51) and 1.11 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.25), respectively.ConclusionIn a nationwide-population study, we identified three childhood onset asthma phenotypes and found that ACEs early in life were associated with increased odds for each of these asthma phenotypes among both girls and boys.

scholarly journals P.2.23 Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in early life and the risk of childhood asthma: a danish nationwide cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A93.3-A94
Author(s):  
Kathrine Pape ◽  
Camilla S Sejbæk ◽  
Niklas W Andersson ◽  
Karin S Hougaard ◽  
Cecilie Svanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
Asthma Group

ObjectiveA link between adverse childhood experience (ACE) in early life and subsequent asthma is suggested, but existing studies are often based on parent-reported data for both exposure and outcome. We aimed to examine the association of ACE in early life (bereavement, parental chronic somatic illness, or psychiatric illness/suicide attempt) with childhood asthma, using registry information of exposures and outcome.MethodsWe used registry data of 466 556 children born in Denmark, 1997–2004. ACE and asthma diagnosis or medication was obtained from the Danish National Patient or Prescription Registry. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between ACE in early life and phenotypes of childhood asthma, which we empirically estimated using group-based trajectory modeling. We adjusted for year of birth, maternal age, smoking, place of living, parity, parental education and atopic status; we imputed missing data using multiple imputations with chained equations.ResultsWe identified four asthma trajectories: early onset (before age 3) transient asthma, late onset (3 years or later) asthma, early onset persistent asthma, and never/infrequent asthma. Girls exposed to at least one ACE before the age of 2 years, compared to the non-exposed, had higher odds of being assigned to the early-onset transient asthma group (odds ratio (OR) 1.13 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04–1.24]), the late-onset asthma group (OR 1.28 [95% CI: 1.11–1.48]) or the early-onset persistent asthma group (OR 1.27 [95% CI: 1.08–1.48]) compared to the never/infrequent asthma group. Similar results were seen for boys, OR 1.16 [95% CI: 1.08–1.25], OR 1.11 [95% CI: 0.98–1.25], and OR 1.34 [95% CI: 1.20–1.51] respectively. The odds remained largely the same in imputed and unadjusted models.ConclusionIn a Danish nationwide population four asthma trajectories were identified, in agreement with clinical studies. ACE in early life was associated with all asthma phenotypes for both boys and girls.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Takuma Ofuchi ◽  
Aye Myat Myat Zaw ◽  
Bang-on Thepthien
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Score Range

Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and School-Based Victimization and Perpetration

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 662-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Forster ◽  
Amy L. Gower ◽  
Barbara J. McMorris ◽  
Iris W. Borowsky
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Based ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Retrospective studies using adult self-report data have demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase risk of violence perpetration and victimization. However, research examining the associations between adolescent reports of ACE and school violence involvement is sparse. The present study examines the relationship between adolescent reported ACE and multiple types of on-campus violence (bringing a weapon to campus, being threatened with a weapon, bullying, fighting, vandalism) for boys and girls as well as the risk of membership in victim, perpetrator, and victim–perpetrator groups. The analytic sample was comprised of ninth graders who participated in the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey ( n ~ 37,000). Multinomial logistic regression models calculated the risk of membership for victim only, perpetrator only, and victim–perpetrator subgroups, relative to no violence involvement, for students with ACE as compared with those with no ACE. Separate logistic regression models assessed the association between cumulative ACE and school-based violence, adjusting for age, ethnicity, family structure, poverty status, internalizing symptoms, and school district size. Nearly 30% of students were exposed to at least one ACE. Students with ACE represent 19% of no violence, 38% of victim only, 40% of perpetrator only, and 63% of victim–perpetrator groups. There was a strong, graded relationship between ACE and the probability of school-based victimization: physical bullying for boys but not girls, being threatened with a weapon, and theft or property destruction ( ps < .001) and perpetration: bullying and bringing a weapon to campus ( ps < .001), with boys especially vulnerable to the negative effects of cumulative ACE. We recommend that schools systematically screen for ACE, particularly among younger adolescents involved in victimization and perpetration, and develop the infrastructure to increase access to trauma-informed intervention services. Future research priorities and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and early life inflammation in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 104914
Author(s):  
Rebecca E Lacey ◽  
Mel Bartley ◽  
Michelle Kelly-Irving ◽  
Leonardo Bevilacqua ◽  
Eleonora Iob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associated with reduced cognitive flexibility in both college and community samples

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260822
Author(s):  
Vrinda Kalia ◽  
Katherine Knauft ◽  
Niki Hayatbini
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

The prefrontal cortex is sensitive to stress experiences and significantly impacted by early life adversity. Cognitive flexibility is an executive function that is associated with positive outcomes in adulthood and implicated in activity in the prefrontal cortex. The relationship between early life adversity and cognitive flexibility is underreported. Using the cumulative risk model, we conducted two studies to examine the association between early life adversity and cognitive flexibility in college students and adults (cumulative N = 510). Exposure to early life adversity was assessed using the adverse childhood experiences scale (ACEs). Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Additionally, as perceived chronic stress is associated with impaired prefrontal cortex function, we measured that as well. Higher number of ACEs was correlated with lower number of completed categories on the WCST in both college students and adults. Perceived chronic stress was not associated with cognitive flexibility, but did correlate positively with ACEs. Individuals with a higher number of ACEs were also more likely to report higher levels of perceived chronic stress. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that exposure to adverse childhood experiences predicted lower scores on completed categories. Our findings provide further evidence that individuals with early life adversity exhibit reduced cognitive flexibility in adulthood.

It doesn’t end there: Mental health difficulties across ages 3-14 mediate the long-term association between early-life adversity and poorer cognitive functioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tochukwu Nweze ◽  
Amy Orben ◽  
Anne-Laura Van Harmelen ◽  
Delia Fuhrmann ◽  
Rogier Kievit
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

SummaryBackground: Early-life adversity is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and poorer cognitive functioning in later development. However, little is known about how early-life adversity, mental health and cognition affect one another or how the effects unfold over time. In a unique longitudinal sample, we use a path model approach to study whether poorer mental health in childhood may mediate the effects of early-life adversity on later cognitive outcomes.Methods: We used 5-wave longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a British population study that prospectively sampled children born between September 1, 2000 and January 11, 2002. We used data collected when the children were aged 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14. Information on exposure to adverse childhood experiences and mental health were provided by parents, while the children completed two cognitive tasks and additional mental health questionnaires at ages 11 and 14. A global adversity score was extracted from multiple adverse childhood experiences collected in the study using Principal Component Analysis. Total errors in a working memory task and total correct number of words in a vocabulary task were the principal cognitive outcomes. Total scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were modeled as mediators.Findings: The sample consisted of 13,287 children (Male = 6,712, Female = 6,575) who completed the working memory task at age 11 and 11,726 children (Male = 5,884, Female = 5,842) who completed a vocabulary task at age 14. We found a significant total association between global adversity and poorer performance on working memory (β = 0.116, p &lt; 0.001 [95%CI 0.098, 0.134]) and vocabulary scores (β = -0.112, p &lt; 0.001, [95% CI-0.130, -0.094]) tasks. Notably, current and previous mental health mediated a substantial proportion (working memory: 59%; vocabulary: ¬65%), of these effects. Our analysis showed that adversity has an enduring adverse effect on mental health, and that poorer mental health is associated with poorer cognitive performance later on in development. Moreover, the adverse effects of mental health were cumulative: poor mental health early on is associated with poorer cognitive scores up to 11 years later, above and beyond contemporaneous mental health.Interpretations: Children who experience early-life adversity are more likely to suffer from poorer mental health, which in turn is associated with poorer cognitive performance in adolescence. Our findings highlight at least one potential mechanism through which early-life adversity leads to poorer cognitive outcomes: Prolonged periods of poor mental health may have lasting, partially cumulative effects on working memory and vocabulary. These findings have important potential clinical and educational implications, because they suggest that academic and cognitive resilience may be supported through early mental health interventions in vulnerable children. Funding: TN is supported by the Cambridge Trust (University of Cambridge). ALVH is supported by Royal Society, and the Social Safety and Resilience programme at Leiden University. RAK was supported by Rogier A. Kievit, Medical Research Council (http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265), Award ID: SUAG/047 G101400 and a Hypatia Fellowship (Radboud University).

Adverse childhood experiences and household food insecurity among children aged 0–5 years in the USA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Baiden ◽  
Catherine A LaBrenz ◽  
Shawndaya Thrasher ◽  
Gladys Asiedua-Baiden ◽  
Boniface Harerimana
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Objective: Although studies have examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and health and mental health outcomes, few studies have investigated the association between ACE and household food insecurity among children aged 0–5 years in the USA. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between ACE and household food insecurity among children aged 0–5 years. Design: The data used in this study came from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. Data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression with household food insecurity as the outcome variable. Setting: United States. Participants: An analytic sample of 17 543 children aged 0–5 years (51·4% boys). Results: Of the 17 543 respondents, 83·7% experienced no childhood adversity. About one in twenty (4·8%) children experienced moderate-to-severe food insecurity. Controlling for other factors, children with one adverse childhood experience had 1·43 times the risk of mild food insecurity (95 % CI 1·25, 1·63) and 2·33 times the risk of moderate-to-severe food insecurity (95 % CI 1·84, 2·95). The risk of mild food insecurity among children with two or more ACE was 1·5 times higher (95 % CI 1·24, 1·81) and that of moderate-to-severe food insecurity was 3·96 times higher (95 % CI 3·01, 5·20), when compared with children with no childhood adversity. Conclusion: Given the critical period of development during the first few years of life, preventing ACE and food insecurity and early intervention in cases of adversity exposure is crucial to mitigate their negative impact on child development.

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