scholarly journals Effect of quitting smoking on health outcomes during treatment for tuberculosis: secondary analysis of the TB & Tobacco Trial

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215926
Author(s):  
Kamran Siddiqi ◽  
Ada Keding ◽  
Anna-Marie Marshall ◽  
Omara Dogar ◽  
Jinshuo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Sputum Conversion ◽  
Relapse Rates

BackgroundDespite treatment, patients with tuberculosis (TB) who smoke have poorer outcomes compared with non-smokers. It is unknown, however, if quitting smoking during the 6 months of TB treatment improves TB outcomes.MethodsThe TB & Tobacco Trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial of cytisine for smoking cessation in 2472 patients with pulmonary TB in Bangladesh and Pakistan. In a secondary analysis, we investigated the hypothesis that smoking cessation improves health outcomes in patients during the TB treatment course. The outcomes included an eight-point TB clinical score, sputum conversion rates, chest X-ray grades, quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), TB cure plus treatment completion rates and relapse rates. These were compared between those who stopped smoking and those who did not, using regression analysis.ResultsWe analysed the data of 2273 (92%) trial participants. Overall, 25% (577/2273) of participants stopped smoking. Compared with non-quitters, those who quit had better TB cure plus treatment completion rates (91% vs 80%, p<0.001) and lower TB relapse rates (6% vs 14%, p<0.001). Among quitters, a higher sputum conversion rate at week 9 (91% vs 87%, p=0.036), lower mean TB clinical scores (−0.20 points, 95% CI −0.31 to −0.08, p=0.001) and slightly better quality of life (mean EQ-5D-5L 0.86 vs 0.85, p=0.015) at 6 months were also observed. These differences, except quality of life, remained statistically significant after adjusting for baseline values, trial arm and TB treatment adherence rates.ConclusionPatients with TB who stop smoking may have better outcomes than those who don’t. Health professionals should support patients in stopping smoking.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Frailty and Depression, Quality of Life, Disability, and Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audai A. Hayajneh ◽  
Hanan Hammouri ◽  
Eman S. Al-Satari ◽  
Debra C. Wallace ◽  
Mohammad Rababa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Frailty syndrome is characterized by a decline in physiological and psychological reserve that leads to poor health outcomes. Objectives: The current study explored frailty and its impacts on health outcomes among older adults in close-knit Jordanian communities. Methods: A secondary analysis (N=109) of community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or over was conducted. The Arabic version of the culturally adapted Tilburg Frailty Indicator, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the SF-36 Quality of Life survey, and disability self-reports were used. Results: Despite Jordanian communities being very close-knit, the results indicated a high prevalence of frailty (78%) and depression (38%) and poor outcomes of cognitive dysfunction and low quality of life among the participating older adults. Further, the prevalence of frailty was found to be 4.2 times higher among females than males and 7.2 times higher among single older adults than married older adults. Conclusion: A high prevalence of frailty and its related adverse outcomes was found among older adults in Jordan.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation Among Cancer Patients in Central and Eastern Europe: Call for Action

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 84s-84s
Author(s):  
M. Cedzyńska ◽  
M. Marta ◽  
P. Koczkodaj ◽  
I. Przepiorka
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Background: Despite the fact that smoking has been linked not only to the development of cancer, but also to prognosis upon diagnosis and risk of death during treatment, many cancer patients continue to smoke. Quitting smoking can be beneficial also after cancer diagnosis, regardless of stage and prognosis. Those benefits are: improved survival outcomes, reduced risk of recurrence and second primary formation, increase treatment response to chemo and radiotherapy, reduced treatment-related complications, better self-reported quality of life related to disease and treatment than among smokers and less pain. The evidence is strong enough to incorporate tobacco dependence treatment into routine cancer care, but in majority of countries in central and eastern Europe (CEE) there are no actions taken to help cancer patients to quit smoking. Aim: To identify main barriers in providing smoking cessation to cancer patients in central and eastern Europe. Methods: Data were collected from participants of Workshop on Tobacco Control and Cessation organized by Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Poland and the National Cancer Institute, US. Following countries provided detailed data: Armenia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Lithuania, Poland, Macedonia, Serbia. The areas that were investigated: guidelines on smoking cessation dedicated to cancer patients, quit smoking programs for cancer patients, existing literature on barriers for delivery smoking cessation advice and personal opinion of tobacco control experts regarding those barriers. Results: I. Guidelines for smoking cessation among cancer patients have been published only in one country (Serbia) out of nine analyzed countries of the region. II. Programs on smoking cessation dedicated to cancer patients were implemented only in two countries: 1: Poland. Pilot program within National Health Program in 2015 (3 months in cancer centers in two cities). 2: Hungary. In 2012 pilot project. In 2017 National Institute for Pulmonology run 3 workshops on smoking cessation for cancer nurses. III. There is no literature on barriers in incorporating smoking cessation into cancer care in the CEE region. IV. Experts opinions are consistent with worldwide literature findings-the main barriers are lack of knowledge, lack of training, overloading with work focused on diagnosis and cancer treatment, difficulties in implementing systemic changes. Conclusion: There is a strong need to take action in central and eastern Europe to engage oncologists and other cancer healthcare providers into smoking cessation. It is crucial to increase the knowledge on benefits of quitting smoking for cancer patients' health and results of cancer treatment. Sustainable change can be achieved by publishing guidelines and implementing training programs that address the attitudes and beliefs. Implementing systemic changes within cancer centers might be required to improve survival and quality of life of cancer patients in central and eastern European region.

Associations of Age, Gender, and Family Income with Quality of Life in Children With Advanced Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 104345422199232
Author(s):  
Piera C. Robson ◽  
Mary S. Dietrich ◽  
Terrah Foster Akard
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Life Inventory ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Life Inventory

Background: Children with cancer often experience decreased quality of life (QOL) throughout the illness trajectory. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations of demographic characteristics with QOL in children with advanced cancer. Methods: This secondary analysis was part of a larger randomized clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy of a legacy intervention for children (7–17 years) with relapsed/refractory cancer and their primary parent caregivers. Assessments included child self-reports on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Cancer Module. Researchers used descriptive and linear regression statistical methods. Results: Children ( n = 128) averaged 10.9 years (SD = 3.0). The majority were female ( n = 68, 53%), white ( n = 107, 84%), had a hematologic malignancy ( n = 67, 52%), with family incomes of $50,000 or less ( n = 81, 63.3%). Statistically significant positive associations of both age and income level with PedsQL scores were observed ( p < .05) but not gender ( p > .05). The strongest correlations for age were with the procedural anxiety ( beta = 0.42), treatment anxiety ( beta = 0.26), and total ( beta = 0.28) scores (all p < .01). In general, there was a positive correlation between family income levels and PedsQL scores ( p < .05). The strongest correlations for income were with nausea ( R = 0.49), appearance ( R = 0.44), pain, and treatment anxiety (both R = 0.42) (all p < .01). Associations adjusted for age remained essentially the same (all p < .01). Discussion: Children with advanced cancer with lower family income and younger age are at high risk for poorer QOL. Oncology nurses should seek to identify families who may benefit from additional resources to promote QOL.

Health Outcomes Used to Determine Facets of Health-related Quality of Life for Post-9/11 Veterans Using Assistive Technology for A Combat-related Mobility Impairment: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Greenhalgh ◽  
Hailee Kulich ◽  
Eline Blaauw ◽  
Rose Turner ◽  
Sara Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Mobility Impairment ◽  
Health States ◽  
Mobility Impairments ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

ABSTRACT Introduction Novel rehabilitation methods, including distribution and adoption of assistive technology for lower extremity impairments, are becoming crucial to ensure positive quality of life in all individuals. The quality of life of post-9/11 combat veterans is not well understood, in comparison to research on other populations. The following essay describes a review on health outcomes used to determine health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among combat-injured service members who require mobility-related assistive technology. Materials and Methods Reviews pooled data from research on PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO published after September 11, 2001, and included service members who sustained a mobility impairment because of involvement in a post-9/11 combat operation. Basic descriptors were extracted in addition to health outcomes used, which were then categorized and summarized by six domains for HR-QoL as defined by the World Health Organization. Results This review found health outcomes that fit in the pain and discomfort, negative emotions, mobility, social relations, access to and quality of healthcare services, and religious/spiritual/personal beliefs subdomains. The categorized results detailed their application to track and model HR-QoL health states in those with mobility impairments using mobility-based assistive technology. Conclusions The research on combat-induced mobility impairments indicates assistive technology improves otherwise poor health states. The results model these domains and subdomains to determine overall HR-QoL and the quality of a healthcare intervention, though additional research is needed as only one study was identified to be experimental in design.

Shoulder symptoms and quality of life impact of limited neck dissection after de‐intensified chemoradiotherapy: Secondary analysis of two prospective trials

Head & Neck ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1213-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Wang ◽  
Dominic H. Moon ◽  
Robert J. Amdur ◽  
Roi Dagan ◽  
Nathan C. Sheets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Prospective Trials
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