The effects of tobacco control policies on retailer sales to minors in the USA, 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Dai ◽  
Jianqiang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
State Level ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Youth Smoking ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Inspection Data

BackgroundUnder the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been routinely inspecting tobacco retailers' compliance with under-age sales laws. We seek to identify factors associated with Retail Violation Rate for sale to minors (RVRm).MethodsWe collected the tobacco retailer inspection data for 2015 from the FDA compliance check database. RVRm was calculated at the census tract level and overlaid with tobacco regulations and youth smoking prevalence at the state level. Multi-level spatial analysis was performed to examine the impacts of tobacco jurisdiction variations, youth smoking rates and neighbourhood social characteristics on RVRm.ResultsA total of 136 816 compliance checks involving minors conducted by the FDA in 2015 were analysed. A higher RVRm was associated with higher youth smoking prevalence (aRR=1.04, p<0.0001). Tobacco regulations show significant relationships with RVRm. For every one dollar increase in cigarette tax per pack, the likelihood of retail violations was reduced by 2% (aRR=0.98, p=0.03). For every 10% increase in tobacco prevention spending towards Centers for Disease Control recommended funding targets, the likelihood of retail violations was reduced by 1% (aRR=0.99, p=0.01). RVRm increased in states that enacted stronger smoke-free air policies (aRR=1.08, p<0.0001).ConclusionWe observed associations of tobacco regulations and neighbourhood social characteristics with tobacco retailers’ compliance with under-age sales laws. This study provides evidence to support stronger tobacco regulations and control policies in reducing youth access to tobacco products.

scholarly journals State-level tobacco control policies and youth smoking cessation measures

Health Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Tworek ◽  
Ryoko Yamaguchi ◽  
Deborah D. Kloska ◽  
Sherry Emery ◽  
Dianne C. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
State Level ◽  
Youth Smoking ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

scholarly journals Projecting the effects of tobacco control policies in the USA through microsimulation: a study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Tam ◽  
David T Levy ◽  
Jihyoun Jeon ◽  
John Clarke ◽  
Scott Gilkeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Usa

IntroductionSmoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the USA but can be reduced through policy interventions. Computational models of smoking can provide estimates of the projected impact of tobacco control policies and can be used to inform public health decision making. We outline a protocol for simulating the effects of tobacco policies on population health outcomes.Methods and analysisWe extend the Smoking History Generator (SHG), a microsimulation model based on data from the National Health Interview Surveys, to evaluate the effects of tobacco control policies on projections of smoking prevalence and mortality in the USA. The SHG simulates individual life trajectories including smoking initiation, cessation and mortality. We illustrate the application of the SHG policy module for four types of tobacco control policies at the national and state levels: smoke-free air laws, cigarette taxes, increasing tobacco control programme expenditures and raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco. Smoking initiation and cessation rates are modified by age, birth cohort, gender and years since policy implementation. Initiation and cessation rate modifiers are adjusted for differences across age groups and the level of existing policy coverage. Smoking prevalence, the number of population deaths avoided, and life-years gained are calculated for each policy scenario at the national and state levels. The model only considers direct individual benefits through reduced smoking and does not consider benefits through reduced exposure to secondhand smoke.Ethics and disseminationA web-based interface is being developed to integrate the results of the simulations into a format that allows the user to explore the projected effects of tobacco control policies in the USA. Usability testing is being conducted in which experts provide feedback on the interface. Development of this tool is under way, and a publicly accessible website is available athttp://www.tobaccopolicyeffects.org.

scholarly journals Evaluating smoking control policies in the e-cigarette era: a modelling study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Tra Doan ◽  
Ken Wei Tan ◽  
Borame Sue Lee Dickens ◽  
Yin Ai Lean ◽  
Qianyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIn jurisdictions in which electronic cigarettes are currently prohibited, policy makers must weigh the potentially lower risk compared with conventional cigarettes against the risk of initiation of e-cigarettes among non-smokers.MethodsWe simulated a synthetic population over a 50-year time horizon with an open cohort model using data from Singapore, a country where e-cigarettes are currently prohibited, and data from the USA, the UK and Japan. Using the smoking prevalence and the quality-adjusted life year gained calculated, we compared tobacco control policies without e-cigarettes—namely, raising the minimum legal age (MLA), introducing a smoke-free generation (SFG) and tax rises on tobacco consumption—with policies legalising e-cigarettes, either taking a laissez-faire approach or under some form of restriction. We also evaluated combinations of these policies.ResultsRegardless of the country informing the transition probabilities to and from e-cigarette use in Singapore, a laissez-faire e-cigarette policy could reduce the smoking prevalence in the short term, but it is not as effective as other policies in the long term. The most effective single policies evaluated were SFG and aggressive tax rises; the most effective combination of policies considered was MLA plus moderate tax rises and e-cigarettes on prescription.ConclusionPolicy makers in jurisdictions in which e-cigarettes are not yet established may be advised not to prioritise e-cigarettes in their tobacco end-game strategy, unless their use can be restricted to current smokers seeking to quit.

scholarly journals Time series analysis of the impact of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence among Australian adults, 2001–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A Wakefield ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Sarah J Durkin ◽  
Michelle Scollo ◽  
Megan Bayly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Tobacco control in California compared with the rest of the USA: trends in adult per capita cigarette consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (e2) ◽  
pp. e112-e117 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Pierce ◽  
Yuyan Shi ◽  
Erik M Hendrickson ◽  
Martha M White ◽  
Madison L Noble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

BackgroundIn the 1990s, California led the USA in state-level tobacco control strategies. However, after 2000, California lost ground on cigarette taxes, although it maintained higher levels of smoke-free homes among smokers.MethodsTrends in per capita cigarette consumption were assessed through taxed sales data and from self-report in repeated national cross-sectional surveys. Linear regressions identified changes in trends after year 2000 separately for California and the rest of the USA. Using data from each state, a linear regression tested the association between different tobacco control strategies and per capita consumption. Change in self-reported per capita consumption was partitioned into contributions associated with initiation, quitting and reduction in cigarette consumption level.ResultsBoth taxed cigarette sales and per capita consumption declined rapidly in the USA from 1985 to 2015. Declines were particularly fast in California before 2000 but slowed thereafter. In 2014, per capita consumption in California was 29.4 packs/adult/year, but 90% higher in the rest of the USA. Modelling state-level data, every $1 increase in cigarette taxes reduced consumption by 4.8 (95% CI 2.9 to 6.8) packs/adult/year. Every 5% increase in the proportion of smokers with smoke-free homes reduced consumption by 8.0 (95% CI 7.0 to 8.9) packs/adult/year. The different patterns in California and the rest of the USA are at least partially explained by these two variables. The slow down in per capita consumption in California can be attributed to changes in initiation, quitting and especially smokers reducing their consumption level.ConclusionsTobacco control strategies need to be continually updated to maintain momentum towards a smoke-free society.

scholarly journals Has FDA abandoned its efforts to make fake-cigar cigarettes comply with federal tobacco control laws that apply to cigarettes but not cigars?

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N Lindblom ◽  
Darren Mays ◽  
Kevin R J Schroth ◽  
Cristine Delnevo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State And Local

In the USA, legal definitions of cigarettes and cigars are critical to tobacco control policy because federal, state and local laws typically tax and regulate cigarettes more strictly than cigars. In 2016, near the end of the Obama Administration, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sent warning letters to four filtered ‘little cigar’ manufacturers stating that their so-called ‘cigars’ were cigarettes and, therefore, subject to more stringent public health restrictions. Documents produced in response to a Freedom of Information Act request show that without explanation or public notice FDA has abandoned its prior determination that the manufacturers’ ‘little cigars’ were actually cigarettes and, consequently, were violating the ban on flavoured cigarettes in the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA). The documents also present the manufacturers’ arguments against FDA’s original position. However, those industry arguments are inconsistent with the research, other evidence and legal analysis indicating that filtered ‘little cigars’ meet the legal definition of cigarettes under the TCA and other similar federal, state and local definitions. To protect the public health, FDA must renew its efforts to ensure that these filtered ‘little cigars’ do not continue to evade compliance with the many important restrictions and requirements that apply to cigarettes but not cigars. Other government regulatory and tax-collection agencies with similar definitions need to follow suit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document