scholarly journals Compliance with point-of-sale tobacco control policies and student tobacco use in Mumbai, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Mistry ◽  
Mangesh S Pednekar ◽  
William J McCarthy ◽  
Ken Resnicow ◽  
Sharmila A Pimple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Psychological Risk

BackgroundWe measured how student tobacco use and psychological risk factors (intention to use and perceived ease of access to tobacco products) were associated with tobacco vendor compliance with India’s Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act provisions regulating the point-of-sale (POS) environment.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey of high school students (n=1373) and tobacco vendors (n=436) in school-adjacent communities (n=26) in Mumbai, India. We used in-class self-administered questionnaires of high school students, face-to-face interviews with tobacco vendors and compliance checks of tobacco POS environments. Logistic regression models with adjustments for clustering were used to measure associations between student tobacco use, psychological risk factors and tobacco POS compliance.ResultsCompliance with POS laws was low overall and was associated with lower risk of student current tobacco use (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.91) and current smokeless tobacco use (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.77), when controlling for student-level and community-level tobacco use risk factors. Compliance was not associated with student intention to use tobacco (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.21 to 1.18) and perceived ease of access to tobacco (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.00).ConclusionsImproving vendor compliance with tobacco POS laws may reduce student tobacco use. Future studies should test strategies to improve compliance with tobacco POS laws, particularly in low-income and middle-income country settings like urban India.

Abstract P087: Youth Tobacco Users Perceive Less E-Cig Harm

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delvon T Mattingly ◽  
Lindsay K Tompkins ◽  
Clara G Sears ◽  
Kandi L Walker ◽  
Joy L Hart
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tobacco Products

Introduction: In Appalachia, youth tobacco use rates exceed the national average, and youth in these rural areas are increasingly aware of new and emerging tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes. Given that e-cigarettes are a commonly used tobacco product by youth, additional inquiry is needed to better understand both youth product perceptions and use patterns, especially in communities with entrenched acceptance of tobacco. Study Aim and Hypothesis: Our aim is to examine the prevalence of conventional tobacco and e-cigarette use among Appalachian youth and to examine associations between use and tobacco harm perceptions. We hypothesized that conventional tobacco users would be less likely than non-users to perceive e-cigarette use as harmful and that e-cigarette users would be less likely than non-users to perceive e-cigarette use as harmful. Methods: A survey of middle and high school students (n=1,008) was conducted in rural Appalachia. The primary outcome in this analysis, tobacco use, was categorized as never user, conventional tobacco only user (cigarettes or smokeless), or e-cigarette only user. Descriptive characteristics were compared among the three use groups. Relationships between harm perceptions and tobacco product use were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, race, gender, and grade level. Results: Nearly one-fourth (23%) of the participants had tried e-cigarettes. Compared to never users, conventional users were more likely to indicate that e-cigarettes did not cause: (1) health problems (OR: 1.65; CI: 1.075-2.521) or (2) addiction (OR: 1.63; CI: 1.064-2.496). Youth who indicated e-cigarettes do not cause health problems were more likely to be e-cigarette users than non-e-cigarette users (OR: 2.04, CI: 1.460-2.838), and youth who indicated smoking does not cause addiction were more likely to be conventional users than never or e-cigarette only users (OR: 1.96; CI: 1.181-3.262). Conclusions: In summary, youth who use conventional tobacco products or e-cigarettes are less likely to perceive e-cigarettes as harmful. These findings reinforce the need for vigilance in restricting youth access to tobacco products, increased emphasis on health campaigns that clarify scientific uncertainty surrounding tobacco safety, and regulation of e-cigarette marketing that targets youth.

Age of tobacco use initiation and association with current use and nicotine dependence among US middle and high school students, 2014–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saida Sharapova ◽  
Carolyn Reyes-Guzman ◽  
Tushar Singh ◽  
Elyse Phillips ◽  
Kristy L Marynak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Products

IntroductionTobacco use mostly begins in adolescence and young adulthood. Earlier age of initiation of cigarette smoking is associated with greater nicotine dependence and sustained tobacco use. However, data are limited on the age of initiation of non-cigarette tobacco products, and the association between using these products and nicotine dependence and progression to established use.MethodsCombined 2014–2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey data, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of US students in grades 6–12 yielded 19 580 respondents who reported ever using any of five tobacco products: electronic cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco and hookah. Analyses assessed age of reported first use of each product among ever-users, overall and by sex and race/ethnicity. Current daily use, past 30-day use, feelings of craving tobacco and time to first tobacco use after waking were assessed by age of first use.ResultsAmong ever-users, weighted median age for first use was 12.6 years for cigarettes, 13.8 years for cigars, 13.4 years for smokeless tobacco, 14.1 years for hookah and 14.1 years for e-cigarettes. First trying these tobacco products at age ≤13 years was associated with greater current use of the respective product and nicotine dependence compared with initiating use at age >13 years.ConclusionsFirst tobacco use at age ≤13 years is associated with current daily and past 30-day use of non-cigarette tobacco products, and with the development of nicotine dependence among youth ever-users. Proven tobacco prevention interventions that reach early adolescents are important to reduce overall youth tobacco use.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression: Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland on Mental Health (CHARIS-MH) Cross-sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Hubbard ◽  
Chantal den Daas ◽  
Marie Johnston ◽  
Diane Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Illness Representations ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Risk

Abstract Background Investigations about mental health report prevalence rates with fewer studies investigating psychological and social factors influencing mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. Study aims: (1) identify sociodemographic groups of the adult population at risk of anxiety and depression and (2) determine if the following social and psychological risk factors for poor mental health moderated these direct sociodemographic effects: loneliness, social support, threat perception, illness representations. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative telephone survey in Scotland in June 2020. If available, validated instruments were used, for example, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect. Results A total of 1006 participants; median age 53 years, 61.4% female, from all levels of area deprivation (i.e., 3.8% in the most deprived decile and 15.6% in the most affluent decile). Analyses show associations of anxiety and depression with sociodemographic (age, gender, deprivation), social (social support, loneliness) and psychological factors (perceived threat and illness representations). Mental health was poorer in younger adults, women and people living in the most deprived areas. Age effects were exacerbated by loneliness and illness representations, gender effects by loneliness and illness representations and deprivation effects by loneliness, social support, illness representations and perceived threat. In each case, the moderating variables amplified the detrimental effects of the sociodemographic factors. Conclusions These findings confirm the results of pre-Covid-19 pandemic studies about associations between sociodemographics and mental health. Loneliness, lack of social support and thoughts about Covid-19 exacerbated these effects and offer pointers for pre-emptive action.

Contraceptive Use Among Korean High School Adolescents: A Decision Tree Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052098753
Author(s):  
Sung Hae Kim ◽  
Yoona Choi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sexual Health Education ◽  
School Students

Although the rate of sexual intercourse among adolescents has increased in Asian countries, including Korea, many sexually active adolescents still do not use contraception. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for contraceptive nonuse among adolescents using decision tree analysis of the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 2,460 high school students who had an experience of sexual intercourse. The findings indicated that the highest risk group who did not use contraception during sexual intercourse did not receive sexual health education in school and was involved in habitual or purposeful drug use. The experience of ever receiving treatment due to violence and the experience of sexual intercourse after drinking were also identified as risk factors for contraceptive nonuse. To encourage contraceptive use, development of standard sexual health education, counseling, and educational intervention intended to prevent risky behaviors is needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document