scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression: Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland on Mental Health (CHARIS-MH) Cross-sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Hubbard ◽  
Chantal den Daas ◽  
Marie Johnston ◽  
Diane Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Illness Representations ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Risk

Abstract Background Investigations about mental health report prevalence rates with fewer studies investigating psychological and social factors influencing mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. Study aims: (1) identify sociodemographic groups of the adult population at risk of anxiety and depression and (2) determine if the following social and psychological risk factors for poor mental health moderated these direct sociodemographic effects: loneliness, social support, threat perception, illness representations. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative telephone survey in Scotland in June 2020. If available, validated instruments were used, for example, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect. Results A total of 1006 participants; median age 53 years, 61.4% female, from all levels of area deprivation (i.e., 3.8% in the most deprived decile and 15.6% in the most affluent decile). Analyses show associations of anxiety and depression with sociodemographic (age, gender, deprivation), social (social support, loneliness) and psychological factors (perceived threat and illness representations). Mental health was poorer in younger adults, women and people living in the most deprived areas. Age effects were exacerbated by loneliness and illness representations, gender effects by loneliness and illness representations and deprivation effects by loneliness, social support, illness representations and perceived threat. In each case, the moderating variables amplified the detrimental effects of the sociodemographic factors. Conclusions These findings confirm the results of pre-Covid-19 pandemic studies about associations between sociodemographics and mental health. Loneliness, lack of social support and thoughts about Covid-19 exacerbated these effects and offer pointers for pre-emptive action.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and psychological risk factors for anxiety and depression: Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland (CHARIS) cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Hubbard ◽  
Chantal den Daas ◽  
Marie Johnston ◽  
Diane Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Illness Representations ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Psychological Risk

ABSTRACTBackground: Investigations about mental health report prevalence rates with fewer studies investigating psychological and social factors influencing mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aims of the study were to: (1) identify sociodemographic groups of the adult population at risk of anxiety and depression, and (2) determine if the following social and psychological risk factors for poor mental health moderated these direct sociodemographic effects: loneliness, social support, risk perception, and illness representations. MethodsCross sectional nationally representative telephone survey in Scotland in June 2020. If available, validated instruments were used for example, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect. Results1006 participants; median age 53 years, 61.4% female, 3.8% in the most deprived and 15.6% in the most affluent areas. Analyses show associations of anxiety and depression with sociodemographic (age, gender, deprivation), social (social support, social isolation, loneliness) and psychological factors (perceived threat and illness representations). Mental health was poorer in younger adults, women and people living in the most deprived areas. Age effects were exaggerated by loneliness and illness representations, gender effects by loneliness and illness representations, and deprivation effects by loneliness, social support, illness representations and perceived threat. In each case, the moderating variables amplified the detrimental effects of the sociodemographic factors.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the results of previous studies about associations between sociodemographics and adult mental health. Loneliness, lack of social support and thoughts about Covid-19 exaggerated these effects and offer pointers for pre-emptive action.

scholarly journals Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Kazeminasab ◽  
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi ◽  
Parastoo Amiri ◽  
Hojjat Pourfathi ◽  
Mostafa Araj-Khodaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Psychological Risk

Abstract Background Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, having an age-standardised prevalence rate of 27.0 per 1000 population in 2019. This literature review describes the global epidemiology and trends associated with neck pain, before exploring the psychological and biological risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of neck pain. Methods The PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine were searched up to May 21, 2021. Studies were included that used human subjects and evaluated the effects of biological or psychological factors on the occurrence or progression of neck pain, or reported its epidemiology. Results Psychological risk factors, such as long-term stress, lack of social support, anxiety, and depression are important risk factors for neck pain. In terms of the biological risks, neck pain might occur as a consequence of certain diseases, such as neuromusculoskeletal disorders or autoimmune diseases. There is also evidence that demographic characteristics, such as age and sex, can influence the prevalence and development of neck pain, although further research is needed. Conclusions The findings of the present study provide a comprehensive and informative overview that should be useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of neck pain.

scholarly journals Stigma, Social Support, Illicit Drug Use, and Other Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Saqlain ◽  
Malik Muhammad Umair ◽  
Furqan Khurshid Hashmi ◽  
Hamid Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Anxiety and depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can lead to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, assessing the stigma, social support, and other determinants of anxiety and depression in PLWHA are important for developing further interventions.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 505 PLWHA, approached through systematic sampling, who paid routine visits to the ART center, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. Data was collected by pretested validated hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Version 26 of the SPSS was used to apply Logistic regression analysis to identify determinants, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated to assess the magnitude of the relationships.Results: In PLWHA, the prevalence of co-morbid depression and anxiety was 80%. Separately, 89.9% had depression, and 80.3% had anxiety. Use of illicit drugs [AOR = 1.87, 95% CI (1.01, 3.27)], low social support [AOR = 1.21, 95% CI (1.02, 2.25)], being male [AOR = 2.21, 95% CI (1.11, 5.49)], and HIV related stigma [AOR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.25, 6.02)] were significant predictors of depression. Having detectable viral load [AOR = 3.04, 95% CI (1.04, 8.86)], young age [AOR = 5.31, 95% CI (1.19, 29.39)], no formal education [AOR = 21.78, 95% CI (4.03, 117.62)], low [AOR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.12, 6.93)] or moderate [AOR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.79, 6.09)] social support, illicit drugs addiction [AOR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.03, 2.55)], and HIV stigma [AOR = 54.3, 95% CI (21.20, 139.32)] had a remarkable association with anxiety.Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of anxiety and depression among PLWHA, the Pakistan Ministry of Health should focus more on monitoring mental health, expanding mental health services, and developing interventions based on identified factors to treat depression and anxiety among PLWHA.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in St. Peter Specialized Hospital Treatment Centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereseh BA ◽  
◽  
Abraha M ◽  
Haile K ◽  
Fanta T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background: Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has widely and rapidly spread in China and around the world. Since 31 December 2019 and as of 30 April 2020, more than 25,000,000 cases of COVID-19 and 800,000 deaths have been reported. The grim epidemic has caused increasing public panic and mental health stress. Mental health is becoming an issue that cannot be ignored, while trying to control the outbreak. Cross sectional study was conducted to assess magnitude and factors associated depression among patients with COVID-19 in St. Peter Specialized Hospital Treatment Centers Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 Patients with COVID-19 admitted at St. Peter Specialized Hospital COVID-19 treatment center. The Anxiety and Depression was assessed through face to face interviews by trained psychiatry nurses using 14-items Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Correlates for depression & anxiety were assessed using a structured questionnaire and Oslo social support scale. Result: A total of 373 participants were volunteer to be included in the study which makes the response rate88.4%. The mean age of the respondents was 37.46 (±SD=16.09) years. This study revealed that the Magnitude of Depression 36.5 % (136) and Anxiety 21.2 % (79) among COVID-19 patients. By using Multivariate (Anxiety) Logistic Regression, Patients who were Male (AOR 5.01, 95%CI (2.11, 11.87)), Housewife (AOR 11.43, 95%CI ( 2.67, 48.90)), Selfemployed (AOR 2.45,, 95%CI (1.07, 5.60)), having Diagnosed Chronic illness (AOR 2.56, 95%CI (1.19, 5.53)), having COVID-19 Symptoms for below 7 days and for 8-14 days ((AOR 3.21, 95%CI (1.21, 8.58)) & AOR 3.70, 95%CI (1.55, 8.84)) respectively) and those who had Poor/low Social Support (AOR 3.42, 95%CI (1.21, 9.63)) had Statistically Significant Association with Anxiety. By using Multivariate (Depression) Logistic Regression, Patients who were 41 and above years of old (AOR 3.95, 95% CI (1.80, 8.69)), had Monthly Income of less than 1000 birr (AOR 2.99, 95%CI (1.11, 8.05)), Having COVID-19 Symptoms for 8-14 days (AOR 2.63, 95% CI (1.34, 5.17)) and who had Poor Social Support (AOR 3.13, 95% CI (1.34, 7.30)) were Statistically Significant Associated with Depression. Conclusion: In the current study area the magnitude of depression and anxiety was high. Factors like sex, Job, having Diagnosed Chronic illness, Duration of COVID-19 symptom and social support with anxiety and factors such as age, income, duration of COVID-19 symptom and social support had statistically significant associated with depression.

scholarly journals Back pain, mental health and substance use are associated in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
S J Kamper ◽  
Z A Michaleff ◽  
P Campbell ◽  
K M Dunn ◽  
T P Yamato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Frequency ◽  
Healthy Schools

Abstract Background During adolescence, prevalence of pain and health risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use and poor mental health all rise sharply. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between back pain and health risk factors in adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Healthy Schools Healthy Futures study, and the Australian Child Wellbeing Project was used, mean age: 14–15 years. Children were stratified according to back pain frequency. Within each strata, the proportion of children that reported drinking alcohol or smoking or that experienced feelings of anxiety or depression was reported. Test-for-trend analyses assessed whether increasing frequency of pain was associated with health risk factors. Results Data was collected from ~2500 and 3900 children. Larger proportions of children smoked or drank alcohol within each strata of increasing pain frequency. The trend with anxiety and depression was less clear, although there was a marked difference between the children that reported no pain, and pain more frequently. Conclusion Two large, independent samples show adolescents that experience back pain more frequently are also more likely to smoke, drink alcohol and report feelings of anxiety and depression. Pain appears to be part of the picture of general health risk in adolescents.

scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Health among Back-To-School Students in Wuhan: The Moderation Effect of Social Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhuo ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Hong Le ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional

The current wave and future trend of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered public uncertainty, causing unbearable psychological pressure on people. A cross-sectional online questionnaire was conducted among back-to-school students in Wuhan from 31 August 2020, to 14 September 2020, by using convenience sampling. A total of 1017 participants voluntarily provided sociodemographic characteristics and accomplished the following scales: the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), the Social Support Scale (SSQ), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7). Results revealed that the levels of anxiety, depression, and insomnia were moderate, moderate and subthreshold, respectively. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated that those with different attitudes toward the trajectory of the COVID-19 epidemic in China showed significantly different results in anxiety and depression (p < 0.001). Moderation modeling implicated that social support significantly moderated the predictive relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental health variables including anxiety and depression, but failed on insomnia. Findings indicate that back-to-school students in Wuhan experience mental health problems and improving social support measures could buffer the effect of intolerance of uncertainty with respect to COVID-19 on mental health.

scholarly journals Mental health of people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 outbreak: A prospective cohort and cross-sectional case–control study of the UK MS Register

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110204
Author(s):  
Afagh Garjani ◽  
Rachael Hunter ◽  
Graham R Law ◽  
Rodden M Middleton ◽  
Katherine A Tuite-Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: People with MS (pwMS) have had higher rates of anxiety and depression than the general population before the COVID-19 pandemic, placing them at higher risk of experiencing poor psychological wellbeing during the pandemic. Objective: To assess mental health and its social/lifestyle determinants in pwMS during the first wave of the outbreak in the United Kingdom. Methods: This is a community-based, prospective longitudinal cohort and cross-sectional case–control online questionnaire study. It includes 2010 pwMS from the UK MS Register and 380 people without MS. Results: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores of pwMS for anxiety and depression during the outbreak did not change from the previous year. PwMS were more likely to have anxiety (using General Anxiety Disorder-7) and/or depression (using Patient Health Questionnaire-9) than controls during the outbreak (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.58–2.91). PwMS felt lonelier (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–1.80) reported worse social support (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.18–3.07) and reported worsened exercise habits (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.18–2.32) during the outbreak than controls. Conclusion: Early in the pandemic, pwMS remained at higher risk of experiencing anxiety and depression than the general population. It is important that multidisciplinary teams improve their support for the wellbeing of pwMS, who are vulnerable to the negative effects of the pandemic on their lifestyle and social support.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression Status and Influencing Factors of MSM in the Post-COVID-19 Epidemic Period: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western China

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 155798832110577
Author(s):  
Hong Pan ◽  
Bing Lin ◽  
Guiqian Shi ◽  
Yingjie Ma ◽  
Xiaoni Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Western China ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemic Period

This study aimed to explore the psychological status and influencing factors of men who have sex with men (MSM) during the stable period of the COVID-19 epidemic, to provide a reference for the mental health counseling of MSM, and to provide a scientific basis for this group to actively respond to public health emergencies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the demographic characteristics, epidemic experiences, risk perception, and COVID-19-related attitudes of MSM in western China, and MSM anxiety and depression were assessed by using the Anxiety Self-Rating Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. The incidences of MSM anxiety and depression in the post-COVID-19 epidemic period are 21.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that in terms of anxiety, high controllability of the epidemic (OR = 0.7616) is a protective factor. Thinking that they are more susceptible to COVID-19 (OR = 1.6168) and worrying about another outbreak of the epidemic (OR = 1.4793) are risk factors. In terms of depression, being able to protect themselves from being infected with COVID-19 (OR = 0.6280) is a protective factor. The role of anal sex as “0”/“0.5,” and believing that they are more susceptible to COVID-19 (OR = 1.3408) are risk factors. The sudden outbreak affected the psychological state of MSM and even caused negative feelings of anxiety and depression. These findings suggest that prevention and education should be strengthened, and effective intervention measures should be taken as soon as possible, to improve the mental health of MSM.

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